
hledger(1)                   hledger User Manuals                   hledger(1)



NAME
       hledger - a command-line accounting tool

SYNOPSIS
       hledger [-f FILE] COMMAND [OPTIONS] [ARGS]
       hledger [-f FILE] ADDONCMD -- [OPTIONS] [ARGS]
       hledger

DESCRIPTION
       hledger  is  a  cross-platform program for tracking money, time, or any
       other commodity, using double-entry accounting and a  simple,  editable
       file  format.   hledger  is  inspired  by  and  largely compatible with
       ledger(1).
       Tested on unix, mac, windows, hledger aims to be a reliable,  practical
       tool for daily use.

       This is hledger's command-line interface (there are also curses and web
       interfaces).  Its basic function is to read a plain text file  describ-
       ing financial transactions (in accounting terms, a general journal) and
       print useful reports  on  standard  output,  or  export  them  as  CSV.
       hledger can also read some other file formats such as CSV files, trans-
       lating them to  journal  format.   Additionally,  hledger  lists  other
       hledger-*  executables found in the user's $PATH and can invoke them as
       subcommands.

       hledger reads data from one or more files  in  hledger  journal,  time-
       clock,  timedot,  or  CSV format specified with -f, or $LEDGER_FILE, or
       $HOME/.hledger.journal          (on          windows,           perhaps
       C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal).  If using $LEDGER_FILE, note this must
       be a real environment variable, not a shell variable.  You can  specify
       standard input with -f-.

       Transactions  are  dated movements of money between two (or more) named
       accounts, and are recorded with journal entries like this:

              2015/10/16 bought food
               expenses:food          $10
               assets:cash

       For more about this format, see hledger_journal(5).

       Most users use a text editor to edit the journal, usually with an  edi-
       tor mode such as ledger-mode for added convenience.  hledger's interac-
       tive add command is another way to record  new  transactions.   hledger
       never changes existing transactions.

       To  get  started,  you  can  either save some entries like the above in
       ~/.hledger.journal, or run hledger add and follow  the  prompts.   Then
       try  some  commands like hledger print or hledger balance.  Run hledger
       with no arguments for a list of commands.

EXAMPLES
       Two simple transactions in hledger journal format:

              2015/9/30 gift received
                assets:cash   $20
                income:gifts

              2015/10/16 farmers market
                expenses:food    $10
                assets:cash

       Some basic reports:

              $ hledger print
              2015/09/30 gift received
                  assets:cash            $20
                  income:gifts          $-20

              2015/10/16 farmers market
                  expenses:food           $10
                  assets:cash            $-10

              $ hledger accounts --tree
              assets
                cash
              expenses
                food
              income
                gifts

              $ hledger balance
                               $10  assets:cash
                               $10  expenses:food
                              $-20  income:gifts
              --------------------
                                 0

              $ hledger register cash
              2015/09/30 gift received   assets:cash               $20           $20
              2015/10/16 farmers market  assets:cash              $-10           $10

       More commands:

              $ hledger                                 # show available commands
              $ hledger add                             # add more transactions to the journal file
              $ hledger balance                         # all accounts with aggregated balances
              $ hledger balance --help                  # show detailed help for balance command
              $ hledger balance --depth 1               # only top-level accounts
              $ hledger register                        # show account postings, with running total
              $ hledger reg income                      # show postings to/from income accounts
              $ hledger reg 'assets:some bank:checking' # show postings to/from this checking account
              $ hledger print desc:shop                 # show transactions with shop in the description
              $ hledger activity -W                     # show transaction counts per week as a bar chart

OPTIONS
   General options
       To see general usage help, including general  options  which  are  sup-
       ported by most hledger commands, run hledger -h.

       General help options:

       -h --help
              show general usage (or after COMMAND, command usage)

       --version
              show version

       --debug[=N]
              show debug output (levels 1-9, default: 1)

       General input options:

       -f FILE --file=FILE
              use  a  different  input  file.   For  stdin,  use  -  (default:
              $LEDGER_FILE or $HOME/.hledger.journal)

       --rules-file=RULESFILE
              Conversion  rules  file  to  use  when  reading  CSV   (default:
              FILE.rules)

       --alias=OLD=NEW
              rename accounts named OLD to NEW

       --anon anonymize accounts and payees

       --pivot FIELDNAME
              use some other field or tag for the account name

       -I --ignore-assertions
              ignore any failing balance assertions

       General reporting options:

       -b --begin=DATE
              include postings/txns on or after this date

       -e --end=DATE
              include postings/txns before this date

       -D --daily
              multiperiod/multicolumn report by day

       -W --weekly
              multiperiod/multicolumn report by week

       -M --monthly
              multiperiod/multicolumn report by month

       -Q --quarterly
              multiperiod/multicolumn report by quarter

       -Y --yearly
              multiperiod/multicolumn report by year

       -p --period=PERIODEXP
              set  start date, end date, and/or reporting interval all at once
              using period expressions syntax (overrides the flags above)

       --date2
              match the secondary date instead (see  command  help  for  other
              effects)

       -U --unmarked
              include only unmarked postings/txns (can combine with -P or -C)

       -P --pending
              include only pending postings/txns

       -C --cleared
              include only cleared postings/txns

       -R --real
              include only non-virtual postings

       -NUM --depth=NUM
              hide/aggregate accounts or postings more than NUM levels deep

       -E --empty
              show   items  with  zero  amount,  normally  hidden  (except  in
              hledger-ui/hledger-web)

       -B --cost
              convert amounts to their cost at  transaction  time  (using  the
              transaction price, if any)

       -V --value
              convert  amounts  to  their  market value on the report end date
              (using the most recent applicable market price, if any)

       --auto apply automated posting rules to modify transactions.

       --forecast
              apply periodic transaction rules  to  generate  future  transac-
              tions, to 6 months from now or report end date.

       When a reporting option appears more than once in the command line, the
       last one takes precedence.

       Some reporting options can also be written as query arguments.

   Command options
       To see options for a  particular  command,  including  command-specific
       options, run: hledger COMMAND -h.

       Command-specific  options  must  be written after the command name, eg:
       hledger print -x.

       Additionally, if the command is an addon,  you  may  need  to  put  its
       options  after a double-hyphen, eg: hledger ui -- --watch.  Or, you can
       run the addon executable directly: hledger-ui --watch.

   Command arguments
       Most hledger commands accept arguments after the  command  name,  which
       are often a query, filtering the data in some way.

   Argument files
       You can save a set of command line options/arguments in a file, one per
       line, and then reuse them by writing @FILENAME in a command  line.   To
       prevent this expansion of @-arguments, precede them with a -- argument.
       For more, see Save frequently used options.

   Special characters
       Option and argument values which contain problematic characters  should
       be  escaped  with  double quotes, backslashes, or (best) single quotes.
       Problematic characters means spaces, and also characters which are sig-
       nificant  to  your  command shell, such as less-than/greater-than.  Eg:
       hledger register -p 'last year' "accounts receivable (receiv-
       able|payable)" amt:\>100.

       Characters  which  are  significant  both  to  the shell and in regular
       expressions sometimes need to be double-escaped.  These include  paren-
       theses,  the  pipe symbol and the dollar sign.  Eg, to match the dollar
       symbol, bash users should do: hledger balance cur:'\$' or  hledger bal-
       ance cur:\\$.

       When hledger is invoking an addon executable (like hledger-ui), options
       and arguments get de-escaped once more, so you might need triple-escap-
       ing.   Eg:  hledger ui cur:'\\$' or hledger ui cur:\\\\$ in bash.  (The
       number of backslashes in fish shell is left  as  an  exercise  for  the
       reader.)

       Inside  a  file used for argument expansion, one less level of escaping
       is enough.  (And in this case, backslashes seem  to  work  better  than
       quotes.  Eg: cur:\$).

       If in doubt, keep things simple:

       o run add-on executables directly

       o write options after the command

       o enclose problematic args in single quotes

       o if needed, also add a backslash to escape regexp metacharacters

       If you're really stumped, add --debug=2 to troubleshoot.

   Input files
       hledger reads transactions from a data file (and the add command writes
       to it).  By default this file is $HOME/.hledger.journal (or on Windows,
       something  like C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal).  You can override this
       with the $LEDGER_FILE environment variable:

              $ setenv LEDGER_FILE ~/finance/2016.journal
              $ hledger stats

       or with the -f/--file option:

              $ hledger -f /some/file stats

       The file name - (hyphen) means standard input:

              $ cat some.journal | hledger -f-

       Usually the data file is in hledger's journal format, but it  can  also
       be  one  of  several  other formats, listed below.  hledger detects the
       format automatically based on the file extension, or  if  that  is  not
       recognised, by trying each built-in "reader" in turn:


       Reader:      Reads:                               Used for file extensions:
       -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
       journal      hledger's  journal  format,  also    .journal    .j    .hledger
                    some Ledger journals                 .ledger
       timeclock    timeclock   files  (precise  time    .timeclock
                    logging)
       timedot      timedot files  (approximate  time    .timedot
                    logging)
       csv          comma-separated    values   (data    .csv
                    interchange)

       If needed (eg to ensure correct error messages  when  a  file  has  the
       "wrong"  extension), you can force a specific reader/format by prepend-
       ing it to the file path with a colon.  Examples:

              $ hledger -f csv:/some/csv-file.dat stats
              $ echo 'i 2009/13/1 08:00:00' | hledger print -ftimeclock:-

       You can also specify multiple -f options, to read multiple files as one
       big journal.  There are some limitations with this:

       o directives in one file will not affect the other files

       o balance  assertions  will  not see any account balances from previous
         files

       If you need those, either use the include directive, or concatenate the
       files, eg: cat a.journal b.journal | hledger -f- CMD.

   Smart dates
       hledger's user interfaces accept a flexible "smart date" syntax (unlike
       dates in the journal file).  Smart dates allow some english words,  can
       be  relative  to today's date, and can have less-significant date parts
       omitted (defaulting to 1).

       Examples:


       2009/1/1,      2009/01/01,   simple dates, several sep-
       2009-1-1, 2009.1.1           arators allowed


       2009/1, 2009                 same as above - a  missing
                                    day or month defaults to 1
       1/1,     january,     jan,   relative   dates,  meaning
       this year                    january 1 of  the  current
                                    year
       next year                    january 1 of next year
       this month                   the  1st  of  the  current
                                    month
       this week                    the most recent monday
       last week                    the  monday  of  the  week
                                    before this one
       lastweek                     spaces are optional
       today, yesterday, tomorrow

   Report start & end date
       Most hledger reports show the full span  of  time  represented  by  the
       journal data, by default.  So, the effective report start and end dates
       will be the earliest and latest transaction or posting dates  found  in
       the journal.

       Often  you  will  want  to see a shorter time span, such as the current
       month.  You can specify a  start  and/or  end  date  using  -b/--begin,
       -e/--end, -p/--period or a date: query (described below).  All of these
       accept the smart date syntax.  One important thing to be aware of  when
       specifying  end  dates:  as  in Ledger, end dates are exclusive, so you
       need to write the date after the last day you want to include.

       Examples:


       -b 2016/3/17      begin on St. Patrick's day
                         2016
       -e 12/1           end at the start of decem-
                         ber  1st  of  the  current
                         year  (11/30  will  be the
                         last date included)
       -b thismonth      all  transactions  on   or
                         after  the 1st of the cur-
                         rent month
       -p thismonth      all  transactions  in  the
                         current month
       date:2016/3/17-   the   above   written   as
                         queries instead
       date:-12/1
       date:thismonth-
       date:thismonth

   Report intervals
       A report interval can be specified so that commands like register, bal-
       ance  and  activity will divide their reports into multiple subperiods.
       The  basic  intervals  can  be  selected  with   one   of   -D/--daily,
       -W/--weekly,  -M/--monthly,  -Q/--quarterly, or -Y/--yearly.  More com-
       plex intervals may be  specified  with  a  period  expression.   Report
       intervals can not be specified with a query, currently.

   Period expressions
       The  -p/--period  option accepts period expressions, a shorthand way of
       expressing a start date, end date, and/or report interval all at  once.

       Here's  a basic period expression specifying the first quarter of 2009.
       Note, hledger always treats start dates as inclusive and end  dates  as
       exclusive:

       -p "from 2009/1/1 to 2009/4/1"

       Keywords  like  "from" and "to" are optional, and so are the spaces, as
       long as you don't run two dates together.  "to" can also be written  as
       "-".  These are equivalent to the above:


       -p "2009/1/1 2009/4/1"
       -p2009/1/1to2009/4/1
       -p2009/1/1-2009/4/1

       Dates  are  smart  dates, so if the current year is 2009, the above can
       also be written as:


       -p "1/1 4/1"
       -p "january-apr"
       -p "this year to 4/1"

       If you specify only one date, the missing start or end date will be the
       earliest or latest transaction in your journal:


       -p "from 2009/1/1"   everything  after  january
                            1, 2009
       -p "from 2009/1"     the same
       -p "from 2009"       the same
       -p "to 2009"         everything before  january
                            1, 2009

       A  single  date  with  no "from" or "to" defines both the start and end
       date like so:


       -p "2009"       the year 2009;  equivalent
                       to "2009/1/1 to 2010/1/1"
       -p "2009/1"     the  month of jan; equiva-
                       lent   to   "2009/1/1   to
                       2009/2/1"
       -p "2009/1/1"   just  that day; equivalent
                       to "2009/1/1 to 2009/1/2"

       The argument of -p can also  begin  with,  or  be,  a  report  interval
       expression.   The  basic  report  intervals are daily, weekly, monthly,
       quarterly, or yearly, which have the same effect as the -D,-W,-M,-Q, or
       -Y  flags.   Between  report interval and start/end dates (if any), the
       word in is optional.  Examples:


       -p "weekly from 2009/1/1 to 2009/4/1"
       -p "monthly in 2008"
       -p "quarterly"

       Note that weekly, monthly, quarterly and yearly intervals  will  always
       start on the first day on week, month, quarter or year accordingly, and
       will end on the last day of same  period,  even  if  associated  period
       expression specifies different explicit start and end date.

       For example:


       -p "weekly from 2009/1/1 to 2009/4/1" -
       starts on 2008/12/29, closest  preceed-
       ing Monday
       -p "monthly in 2008/11/25"  - starts on
       2018/11/01
       -p "quar-
       terly from 2009-05-05 to 2009-06-01"  -
       starts   on   2009/04/01,    ends    on
       2009/06/30,  which  are  first and last
       days of Q2 2009
       -p "yearly from 2009-12-29" - starts on
       2009/01/01, first day of 2009

       The  following  more  complex  report  intervals  are  also  supported:
       biweekly,         bimonthly,         every day|week|month|quarter|year,
       every N days|weeks|months|quarters|years.

       All  of  these  will start on the first day of the requested period and
       end on the last one, as described above.

       Examples:


       -p "bimonthly from 2008" - periods will
       have    boundaries    on    2008/01/01,
       2008/03/01, ...
       -p "every 2 weeks" - starts on  closest
       preceeding Monday
       -p "every 5 month from 2009/03" - peri-
       ods will have boundaries on 2009/03/01,
       2009/08/01, ...

       If  you want intervals that start on arbitrary day of your choosing and
       span a week, month or year, you need to use any of the following:

       every Nth day of week,    every <weekday>,    every Nth day [of month],
       every Nth weekday [of month],                    every MM/DD [of year],
       every Nth MMM [of year], every MMM Nth [of year].

       Examples:


       -p "every 2nd day of week"  -   periods
       will go from Tue to Tue
       -p "every Tue" - same
       -p "every 15th day" - period boundaries
       will be on 15th of each month
       -p "every 2nd Monday" -  period  bound-
       aries  will be on second Monday of each
       month
       -p "every 11/05" - yearly periods  with
       boundaries on 5th of Nov
       -p "every 5th Nov" - same
       -p "every Nov 5th" - same

       Show  historical balances at end of 15th each month (N is exclusive end
       date):

       hledger balance -H -p "every 16th day"

       Group postings from start of wednesday to end of  next  tuesday  (N  is
       start date and exclusive end date):

       hledger register checking -p "every 3rd day of week"

   Depth limiting
       With the --depth N option (short form: -N), commands like account, bal-
       ance and register will show only the uppermost accounts in the  account
       tree,  down  to  level  N.   Use this when you want a summary with less
       detail.  This flag has the same effect as a depth: query  argument  (so
       -2, --depth=2 or depth:2 are basically equivalent).

   Pivoting
       Normally hledger sums amounts, and organizes them in a hierarchy, based
       on account name.  The --pivot FIELD option causes it to sum  and  orga-
       nize  hierarchy  based on the value of some other field instead.  FIELD
       can be: code, description, payee, note, or the full name (case insensi-
       tive) of any tag.  As with account names, values containing colon:sepa-
       rated:parts will be displayed hierarchically in reports.

       --pivot is a general option affecting all reports;  you  can  think  of
       hledger transforming the journal before any other processing, replacing
       every posting's account name with the value of the specified  field  on
       that posting, inheriting it from the transaction or using a blank value
       if it's not present.

       An example:

              2016/02/16 Member Fee Payment
                  assets:bank account                    2 EUR
                  income:member fees                    -2 EUR  ; member: John Doe

       Normal balance report showing account names:

              $ hledger balance
                             2 EUR  assets:bank account
                            -2 EUR  income:member fees
              --------------------
                                 0

       Pivoted balance report, using member: tag values instead:

              $ hledger balance --pivot member
                             2 EUR
                            -2 EUR  John Doe
              --------------------
                                 0

       One way to show only amounts with  a  member:  value  (using  a  query,
       described below):

              $ hledger balance --pivot member tag:member=.
                            -2 EUR  John Doe
              --------------------
                            -2 EUR

       Another  way  (the  acct:  query  matches  against the pivoted "account
       name"):

              $ hledger balance --pivot member acct:.
                            -2 EUR  John Doe
              --------------------
                            -2 EUR

   Cost
       The -B/--cost flag converts amounts to their cost at transaction  time,
       if they have a transaction price specified.

   Market value
       The  -V/--value  flag converts reported amounts to their current market
       value.  Specifically, when there is a market price  (P  directive)  for
       the  amount's commodity, dated on or before today's date (or the report
       end date if specified), the amount will be  converted  to  the  price's
       commodity.

       When  there  are  multiple applicable P directives, -V chooses the most
       recent one, or in case of equal dates, the last-parsed one.

       For example:

              # one euro is worth this many dollars from nov 1
              P 2016/11/01  $1.10

              # purchase some euros on nov 3
              2016/11/3
                  assets:euros        100
                  assets:checking

              # the euro is worth fewer dollars by dec 21
              P 2016/12/21  $1.03

       How many euros do I have ?

              $ hledger -f t.j bal euros
                              100  assets:euros

       What are they worth on nov 3 ?  (no report end date specified, defaults
       to the last date in the journal)

              $ hledger -f t.j bal euros -V
                           $110.00  assets:euros

       What are they worth on dec 21 ?

              $ hledger -f t.j bal euros -V -e 2016/12/21
                           $103.00  assets:euros

       Currently,  hledger's -V only uses market prices recorded with P direc-
       tives, not transaction prices (unlike Ledger).

   Combining -B and -V
       Using -B/-cost and -V/-value together is  currently  allowed,  but  the
       results are probably not meaningful.  Let us know if you find a use for
       this.

   Output destination
       Some commands (print, register, stats, the balance commands) can  write
       their  output  to  a  destination other than the console.  This is con-
       trolled by the -o/--output-file option.

              $ hledger balance -o -     # write to stdout (the default)
              $ hledger balance -o FILE  # write to FILE

   Output format
       Some commands can write their output in other formats.   Eg  print  and
       register  can  output  CSV,  and the balance commands can output CSV or
       HTML.  This is controlled by the -O/--output-format option, or by spec-
       ifying a .csv or .html file extension with -o/--output-file.

              $ hledger balance -O csv       # write CSV to stdout
              $ hledger balance -o FILE.csv  # write CSV to FILE.csv

   Regular expressions
       hledger uses regular expressions in a number of places:

       o query  terms, on the command line and in the hledger-web search form:
         REGEX, desc:REGEX, cur:REGEX, tag:...=REGEX

       o CSV rules conditional blocks: if REGEX ...

       o account alias directives  and  options:  alias /REGEX/ = REPLACEMENT,
         --alias /REGEX/=REPLACEMENT

       hledger's  regular  expressions  come  from the regex-tdfa library.  In
       general they:

       o are case insensitive

       o are infix matching (do not need  to  match  the  entire  thing  being
         matched)

       o are POSIX extended regular expressions

       o also support GNU word boundaries (\<, \>, \b, \B)

       o and  parenthesised  capturing  groups  and  numeric backreferences in
         replacement strings

       o do not support mode modifiers like (?s)

       Some things to note:

       o In the alias directive and --alias option, regular  expressions  must
         be  enclosed  in  forward  slashes  (/REGEX/).  Elsewhere in hledger,
         these are not required.

       o In queries, to match a regular expression metacharacter like $  as  a
         literal  character,  prepend  a  backslash.  Eg to search for amounts
         with the dollar sign in hledger-web, write cur:\$.

       o On the command line, some metacharacters like $ have a special  mean-
         ing to the shell and so must be escaped at least once more.  See Spe-
         cial characters.

QUERIES
       One of hledger's strengths is being able to quickly report  on  precise
       subsets  of  your data.  Most commands accept an optional query expres-
       sion, written as arguments after the command name, to filter  the  data
       by  date,  account  name or other criteria.  The syntax is similar to a
       web search: one or more space-separated search terms, quotes to enclose
       whitespace,  prefixes to match specific fields, a not: prefix to negate
       the match.

       We do not yet support arbitrary boolean combinations of  search  terms;
       instead  most  commands show transactions/postings/accounts which match
       (or negatively match):

       o any of the description terms AND

       o any of the account terms AND

       o any of the status terms AND

       o all the other terms.

       The print command instead shows transactions which:

       o match any of the description terms AND

       o have any postings matching any of the positive account terms AND

       o have no postings matching any of the negative account terms AND

       o match all the other terms.

       The following kinds of search terms can be used.   Remember  these  can
       also be prefixed with not:, eg to exclude a particular subaccount.

       REGEX  match  account  names by this regular expression.  (No prefix is
              equivalent to acct:).

       acct:REGEX
              same as above

       amt:N, amt:<N, amt:<=N, amt:>N, amt:>=N
              match postings with a single-commodity amount that is equal  to,
              less  than, or greater than N.  (Multi-commodity amounts are not
              tested, and will always match.) The comparison has two modes: if
              N is preceded by a + or - sign (or is 0), the two signed numbers
              are compared.  Otherwise, the absolute magnitudes are  compared,
              ignoring sign.

       code:REGEX
              match by transaction code (eg check number)

       cur:REGEX
              match  postings or transactions including any amounts whose cur-
              rency/commodity symbol is fully matched by REGEX.  (For  a  par-
              tial match, use .*REGEX.*).  Note, to match characters which are
              regex-significant, like the dollar sign ($), you need to prepend
              \.   And  when  using  the command line you need to add one more
              level  of  quoting  to  hide  it  from  the  shell,  so  eg  do:
              hledger print cur:'\$' or hledger print cur:\\$.

       desc:REGEX
              match transaction descriptions.

       date:PERIODEXPR
              match dates within the specified period.  PERIODEXPR is a period
              expression (with  no  report  interval).   Examples:  date:2016,
              date:thismonth,   date:2000/2/1-2/15,  date:lastweek-.   If  the
              --date2 command line flag is  present,  this  matches  secondary
              dates instead.

       date2:PERIODEXPR
              match secondary dates within the specified period.

       depth:N
              match  (or  display,  depending on command) accounts at or above
              this depth

       note:REGEX
              match transaction notes (part of  description  right  of  |,  or
              whole description when there's no |)

       payee:REGEX
              match transaction payee/payer names (part of description left of
              |, or whole description when there's no |)

       real:, real:0
              match real or virtual postings respectively

       status:, status:!, status:*
              match unmarked, pending, or cleared transactions respectively

       tag:REGEX[=REGEX]
              match by tag name, and optionally also by  tag  value.   Note  a
              tag:  query  is  considered to match a transaction if it matches
              any of the postings.  Also remember that  postings  inherit  the
              tags of their parent transaction.

       The following special search term is used automatically in hledger-web,
       only:

       inacct:ACCTNAME
              tells hledger-web to show  the  transaction  register  for  this
              account.  Can be filtered further with acct etc.

       Some of these can also be expressed as command-line options (eg depth:2
       is equivalent to --depth 2).  Generally you can mix options  and  query
       arguments,  and the resulting query will be their intersection (perhaps
       excluding the -p/--period option).

COMMANDS
       hledger provides a number of subcommands;  hledger  with  no  arguments
       shows a list.

       If you install additional hledger-* packages, or if you put programs or
       scripts named hledger-NAME in your PATH, these will also be  listed  as
       subcommands.

       Run   a   subcommand   by  writing  its  name  as  first  argument  (eg
       hledger incomestatement).  You can also write one of the standard short
       aliases  displayed  in  parentheses in the command list (hledger b), or
       any any unambiguous prefix of a command name (hledger inc).

       Here are all the builtin commands  in  alphabetical  order.   See  also
       hledger  for  a  more  organised  command  list, and hledger CMD -h for
       detailed command help.

   accounts
       Show account names.  Alias: a.

       --declared
              show account names declared with account directives

       --used show account names posted to by transactions

       --tree show short account names and their parents, as a tree

       --flat show full account names, as a list (default)

       --drop=N
              in flat mode: omit N leading account name parts

       This command lists account names, either declared with  account  direc-
       tives  (-declared),  posted  to (-used), or both (default).  With query
       arguments, only matched account names and account names  referenced  by
       matched  postings  are  shown.   It shows a flat list by default.  With
       --tree, it uses indentation to show the  account  hierarchy.   In  flat
       mode  you  can  add  --drop N to omit the first few account name compo-
       nents.  Account names can be depth-clipped with --depth N or depth:N.

       Examples:

              $ hledger accounts --tree
              assets
                bank
                  checking
                  saving
                cash
              expenses
                food
                supplies
              income
                gifts
                salary
              liabilities
                debts

              $ hledger accounts --drop 1
              bank:checking
              bank:saving
              cash
              food
              supplies
              gifts
              salary
              debts

              $ hledger accounts
              assets:bank:checking
              assets:bank:saving
              assets:cash
              expenses:food
              expenses:supplies
              income:gifts
              income:salary
              liabilities:debts

   activity
       Show an ascii barchart of posting counts per interval.

       The activity command displays an ascii  histogram  showing  transaction
       counts  by  day, week, month or other reporting interval (by day is the
       default).  With query arguments, it counts only matched transactions.

              $ hledger activity --quarterly
              2008-01-01 **
              2008-04-01 *******
              2008-07-01
              2008-10-01 **

   add
       Prompt for transactions and add them to the journal.

       --no-new-accounts
              don't allow creating new  accounts;  helps  prevent  typos  when
              entering account names

       Many  hledger users edit their journals directly with a text editor, or
       generate them from CSV.  For more interactive data entry, there is  the
       add  command, which prompts interactively on the console for new trans-
       actions, and appends them to the journal file (if  there  are  multiple
       -f FILE options, the first file is used.) Existing transactions are not
       changed.  This is the only hledger command that writes to  the  journal
       file.

       To use it, just run hledger add and follow the prompts.  You can add as
       many transactions as you like; when you are finished, enter . or  press
       control-d or control-c to exit.

       Features:

       o add  tries  to provide useful defaults, using the most similar recent
         transaction (by description) as a template.

       o You can also set the initial defaults with command line arguments.

       o Readline-style edit keys can be used during data entry.

       o The tab key will auto-complete whenever possible - accounts, descrip-
         tions,  dates  (yesterday,  today,  tomorrow).   If the input area is
         empty, it will insert the default value.

       o If the journal defines a default commodity, it will be added  to  any
         bare numbers entered.

       o A parenthesised transaction code may be entered following a date.

       o Comments and tags may be entered following a description or amount.

       o If  you make a mistake, enter < at any prompt to restart the transac-
         tion.

       o Input prompts are displayed in a different colour when  the  terminal
         supports it.

       Example (see the tutorial for a detailed explanation):

              $ hledger add
              Adding transactions to journal file /src/hledger/examples/sample.journal
              Any command line arguments will be used as defaults.
              Use tab key to complete, readline keys to edit, enter to accept defaults.
              An optional (CODE) may follow transaction dates.
              An optional ; COMMENT may follow descriptions or amounts.
              If you make a mistake, enter < at any prompt to restart the transaction.
              To end a transaction, enter . when prompted.
              To quit, enter . at a date prompt or press control-d or control-c.
              Date [2015/05/22]:
              Description: supermarket
              Account 1: expenses:food
              Amount  1: $10
              Account 2: assets:checking
              Amount  2 [$-10.0]:
              Account 3 (or . or enter to finish this transaction): .
              2015/05/22 supermarket
                  expenses:food             $10
                  assets:checking        $-10.0

              Save this transaction to the journal ? [y]:
              Saved.
              Starting the next transaction (. or ctrl-D/ctrl-C to quit)
              Date [2015/05/22]: <CTRL-D> $

   balance
       Show accounts and their balances.  Aliases: b, bal.

       --change
              show balance change in each period (default)

       --cumulative
              show  balance  change accumulated across periods (in multicolumn
              reports)

       -H --historical
              show historical ending balance in each period (includes postings
              before report start date)

       --tree show accounts as a tree; amounts include subaccounts (default in
              simple reports)

       --flat show accounts as a list; amounts exclude subaccounts except when
              account is depth-clipped (default in multicolumn reports)

       -A --average
              show a row average column (in multicolumn mode)

       -T --row-total
              show a row total column (in multicolumn mode)

       -N --no-total
              don't show the final total row

       --drop=N
              omit N leading account name parts (in flat mode)

       --no-elide
              don't squash boring parent accounts (in tree mode)

       --format=LINEFORMAT
              in single-column balance reports: use this custom line format

       -O FMT --output-format=FMT
              select the output format.  Supported formats: txt, csv, html.

       -o FILE --output-file=FILE
              write  output  to  FILE.   A  file extension matching one of the
              above formats selects that format.

       --pretty-tables
              use unicode to display prettier tables.

       --sort-amount
              sort by amount instead of  account  code/name  (in  flat  mode).
              With multiple columns, sorts by the row total, or by row average
              if that is displayed.

       --invert
              display all amounts with reversed sign

       --budget
              show performance compared to budget goals  defined  by  periodic
              transactions

       --show-unbudgeted
              with -budget, show unbudgeted accounts also

       The  balance  command  displays accounts and balances.  It is hledger's
       most featureful and versatile command.

              $ hledger balance
                               $-1  assets
                                $1    bank:saving
                               $-2    cash
                                $2  expenses
                                $1    food
                                $1    supplies
                               $-2  income
                               $-1    gifts
                               $-1    salary
                                $1  liabilities:debts
              --------------------
                                 0

       More precisely, the balance command shows the change to each  account's
       balance caused by all (matched) postings.  In the common case where you
       do not filter by date and your journal sets the  correct  opening  bal-
       ances, this is the same as the account's ending balance.

       By  default,  accounts  are  displayed hierarchically, with subaccounts
       indented below their parent.  At each level of the tree,  accounts  are
       sorted  by  account  code  if  any,  then  by  account  name.   Or with
       -S/--sort-amount, by their balance amount.

       "Boring" accounts, which contain a single interesting subaccount and no
       balance  of their own, are elided into the following line for more com-
       pact output.  (Not yet supported in tabular reports.) Use --no-elide to
       prevent this.

       Account  balances  are  "inclusive"  - they include the balances of any
       subaccounts.

       Accounts which have zero balance  (and  no  non-zero  subaccounts)  are
       omitted.  Use -E/--empty to show them.

       A  final  total  is displayed by default; use -N/--no-total to suppress
       it:

              $ hledger balance -p 2008/6 expenses --no-total
                                $2  expenses
                                $1    food
                                $1    supplies

   Flat mode
       To see a flat list of full account names instead of the default hierar-
       chical   display,   use   --flat.    In  this  mode,  accounts  (unless
       depth-clipped) show their "exclusive" balance, excluding any subaccount
       balances.   In  this  mode, you can also use --drop N to omit the first
       few account name components.

              $ hledger balance -p 2008/6 expenses -N --flat --drop 1
                                $1  food
                                $1  supplies

   Depth limited balance reports
       With --depth N, balance shows accounts only  to  the  specified  depth.
       This  is  very  useful  to  show  a  complex charts of accounts in less
       detail.  In flat mode, balances from accounts  below  the  depth  limit
       will be shown as part of a parent account at the depth limit.

              $ hledger balance -N --depth 1
                               $-1  assets
                                $2  expenses
                               $-2  income
                                $1  liabilities

   Multicolumn balance reports
       With  a reporting interval, multiple balance columns will be shown, one
       for each report period.  There are three types of multi-column  balance
       report, showing different information:

       1. By default: each column shows the sum of postings in that period, ie
          the account's change of balance in that period.  This is  useful  eg
          for a monthly income statement:

                  $ hledger balance --quarterly income expenses -E
                  Balance changes in 2008:

                                     ||  2008q1  2008q2  2008q3  2008q4
                  ===================++=================================
                   expenses:food     ||       0      $1       0       0
                   expenses:supplies ||       0      $1       0       0
                   income:gifts      ||       0     $-1       0       0
                   income:salary     ||     $-1       0       0       0
                  -------------------++---------------------------------
                                     ||     $-1      $1       0       0

       2. With  --cumulative:  each  column  shows the ending balance for that
          period, accumulating the changes across periods, starting from 0  at
          the report start date:

                  $ hledger balance --quarterly income expenses -E --cumulative
                  Ending balances (cumulative) in 2008:

                                     ||  2008/03/31  2008/06/30  2008/09/30  2008/12/31
                  ===================++=================================================
                   expenses:food     ||           0          $1          $1          $1
                   expenses:supplies ||           0          $1          $1          $1
                   income:gifts      ||           0         $-1         $-1         $-1
                   income:salary     ||         $-1         $-1         $-1         $-1
                  -------------------++-------------------------------------------------
                                     ||         $-1           0           0           0

       3. With --historical/-H: each column shows the actual historical ending
          balance for that period, accumulating the  changes  across  periods,
          starting  from the actual balance at the report start date.  This is
          useful eg for a multi-period balance sheet, and when you are showing
          only the data after a certain start date:

                  $ hledger balance ^assets ^liabilities --quarterly --historical --begin 2008/4/1
                  Ending balances (historical) in 2008/04/01-2008/12/31:

                                        ||  2008/06/30  2008/09/30  2008/12/31
                  ======================++=====================================
                   assets:bank:checking ||          $1          $1           0
                   assets:bank:saving   ||          $1          $1          $1
                   assets:cash          ||         $-2         $-2         $-2
                   liabilities:debts    ||           0           0          $1
                  ----------------------++-------------------------------------
                                        ||           0           0           0

       Multi-column  balance reports display accounts in flat mode by default;
       to see the hierarchy, use --tree.

       With  a  reporting  interval  (like  --quarterly  above),  the   report
       start/end  dates  will  be adjusted if necessary so that they encompass
       the displayed report periods.  This is so that the first and last peri-
       ods will be "full" and comparable to the others.

       The  -E/--empty  flag  does  two things in multicolumn balance reports:
       first, the report will show all columns  within  the  specified  report
       period  (without  -E,  leading and trailing columns with all zeroes are
       not shown).  Second, all accounts which existed  at  the  report  start
       date  will  be  considered,  not just the ones with activity during the
       report period (use -E to include low-activity accounts which would oth-
       erwise would be omitted).

       The -T/--row-total flag adds an additional column showing the total for
       each row.

       The -A/--average flag adds a column showing the average value  in  each
       row.

       Here's an example of all three:

              $ hledger balance -Q income expenses --tree -ETA
              Balance changes in 2008:

                          ||  2008q1  2008q2  2008q3  2008q4    Total  Average
              ============++===================================================
               expenses   ||       0      $2       0       0       $2       $1
                 food     ||       0      $1       0       0       $1        0
                 supplies ||       0      $1       0       0       $1        0
               income     ||     $-1     $-1       0       0      $-2      $-1
                 gifts    ||       0     $-1       0       0      $-1        0
                 salary   ||     $-1       0       0       0      $-1        0
              ------------++---------------------------------------------------
                          ||     $-1      $1       0       0        0        0

              # Average is rounded to the dollar here since all journal amounts are

   Budgets
       With  --budget and a report interval, all periodic transactions in your
       journal with that interval, active during the requested report  period,
       are  interpreted  as  recurring budget goals for the specified accounts
       (and subaccounts), and the report  will  show  the  difference  between
       actual and budgeted balances.

       For  example,  you  can  take  average  monthly  expenses in the common
       expense categories to construct a minimal monthly budget:

              ;; Budget
              ~ monthly
                income  $2000
                expenses:food    $400
                expenses:bus     $50
                expenses:movies  $30
                assets:bank:checking

              ;; Two months worth of expenses
              2017-11-01
                income  $1950
                expenses:food    $396
                expenses:bus     $49
                expenses:movies  $30
                expenses:supplies  $20
                assets:bank:checking

              2017-12-01
                income  $2100
                expenses:food    $412
                expenses:bus     $53
                expenses:gifts   $100
                assets:bank:checking

       You can now see a monthly budget performance report:

              $ hledger balance -M --budget
              Balance changes in 2017/11/01-2017/12/31:

                                     ||                2017/11                  2017/12
              =======================++=================================================
               <unbudgeted>:expenses ||                    $20                     $100
               assets:bank:checking  || $-2445 [99% of $-2480]  $-2665 [107% of $-2480]
               expenses:bus          ||       $49 [98% of $50]        $53 [106% of $50]
               expenses:food         ||     $396 [99% of $400]      $412 [103% of $400]
               expenses:movies       ||      $30 [100% of $30]            0 [0% of $30]
               income                ||   $1950 [98% of $2000]    $2100 [105% of $2000]
              -----------------------++-------------------------------------------------
                                     ||                      0                        0

       You can roll over unspent budgets to next period with --cumulative:

              $ hledger balance -M --budget --cumulative
              Ending balances (cumulative) in 2017/11/01-2017/12/31:

                                     ||             2017/11/30               2017/12/31
              =======================++=================================================
               <unbudgeted>:expenses ||                    $20                     $120
               assets:bank:checking  || $-2445 [99% of $-2480]  $-5110 [103% of $-4960]
               expenses:bus          ||       $49 [98% of $50]      $102 [102% of $100]
               expenses:food         ||     $396 [99% of $400]      $808 [101% of $800]
               expenses:movies       ||      $30 [100% of $30]         $30 [50% of $60]
               income                ||   $1950 [98% of $2000]    $4050 [101% of $4000]
              -----------------------++-------------------------------------------------
                                     ||                      0                        0

       Accounts with no budget goals (not mentioned in the  periodic  transac-
       tions)  will  be  aggregated  under  <unbudgeted>,  unless  you add the
       --show-unbudgeted flag to display them normally:

              $ hledger balance --budget --show-unbudgeted
              Balance changes in 2017/11/01-2017/12/31:

                                    ||                2017/11                  2017/12
              ======================++=================================================
               assets:bank:checking || $-2445 [99% of $-2480]  $-2665 [107% of $-2480]
               expenses:bus         ||       $49 [98% of $50]        $53 [106% of $50]
               expenses:food        ||     $396 [99% of $400]      $412 [103% of $400]
               expenses:gifts       ||                      0                     $100
               expenses:movies      ||      $30 [100% of $30]            0 [0% of $30]
               expenses:supplies    ||                    $20                        0
               income               ||   $1950 [98% of $2000]    $2100 [105% of $2000]
              ----------------------++-------------------------------------------------
                                    ||                      0                        0

       For more examples and details, see Budgeting and Forecasting.

   Custom balance output
       You can customise the layout of simple  (non-tabular)  balance  reports
       with --format FMT:

              $ hledger balance --format "%20(account) %12(total)"
                            assets          $-1
                       bank:saving           $1
                              cash          $-2
                          expenses           $2
                              food           $1
                          supplies           $1
                            income          $-2
                             gifts          $-1
                            salary          $-1
                 liabilities:debts           $1
              ---------------------------------
                                              0

       The FMT format string (plus a newline) specifies the formatting applied
       to each account/balance pair.  It may contain any suitable  text,  with
       data fields interpolated like so:

       %[MIN][.MAX](FIELDNAME)

       o MIN pads with spaces to at least this width (optional)

       o MAX truncates at this width (optional)

       o FIELDNAME must be enclosed in parentheses, and can be one of:

         o depth_spacer  - a number of spaces equal to the account's depth, or
           if MIN is specified, MIN * depth spaces.

         o account - the account's name

         o total - the account's balance/posted total, right justified

       Also, FMT can begin with an optional prefix to control  how  multi-com-
       modity amounts are rendered:

       o %_ - render on multiple lines, bottom-aligned (the default)

       o %^ - render on multiple lines, top-aligned

       o %, - render on one line, comma-separated

       There  are  some  quirks.   Eg in one-line mode, %(depth_spacer) has no
       effect, instead %(account) has indentation built in.
        Experimentation may be needed to get pleasing results.

       Some example formats:

       o %(total) - the account's total

       o %-20.20(account) - the account's name, left justified, padded  to  20
         characters and clipped at 20 characters

       o %,%-50(account)  %25(total)  -  account name padded to 50 characters,
         total padded to 20 characters, with multiple commodities rendered  on
         one line

       o %20(total)  %2(depth_spacer)%-(account)  - the default format for the
         single-column balance report

       This command also supports output destination and output format  selec-
       tion.

   Colour support
       The balance command shows negative amounts in red, if:

       o the TERM environment variable is not set to dumb

       o the output is not being redirected or piped anywhere

   balancesheet
       This command displays a simple balance sheet, showing historical ending
       balances of asset and liability accounts  (ignoring  any  report  begin
       date).   It  assumes that these accounts are under a top-level asset or
       liability account (case insensitive, plural forms also allowed).   Note
       this  report shows all account balances with normal positive sign (like
       conventional  financial  statements,   unlike   balance/print/register)
       (experimental).  (bs)

       --change
              show balance change in each period, instead of historical ending
              balances

       --cumulative
              show balance change accumulated across periods  (in  multicolumn
              reports), instead of historical ending balances

       -H --historical
              show historical ending balance in each period (includes postings
              before report start date) (default)

       --tree show accounts as a tree; amounts include subaccounts (default in
              simple reports)

       --flat show accounts as a list; amounts exclude subaccounts except when
              account is depth-clipped (default in multicolumn reports)

       -A --average
              show a row average column (in multicolumn mode)

       -T --row-total
              show a row total column (in multicolumn mode)

       -N --no-total
              don't show the final total row

       --drop=N
              omit N leading account name parts (in flat mode)

       --no-elide
              don't squash boring parent accounts (in tree mode)

       --format=LINEFORMAT
              in single-column balance reports: use this custom line format

       --sort-amount
              sort by amount instead of account code/name

       Example:

              $ hledger balancesheet
              Balance Sheet

              Assets:
                               $-1  assets
                                $1    bank:saving
                               $-2    cash
              --------------------
                               $-1

              Liabilities:
                                $1  liabilities:debts
              --------------------
                                $1

              Total:
              --------------------
                                 0

       With a reporting interval, multiple columns will be shown, one for each
       report  period.  As with multicolumn balance reports, you can alter the
       report mode  with  --change/--cumulative/--historical.   Normally  bal-
       ancesheet  shows historical ending balances, which is what you need for
       a balance sheet; note this means it ignores report begin dates.

       This command also supports output destination and output format  selec-
       tion.

   balancesheetequity
       Just  like  balancesheet,  but also reports Equity (which it assumes is
       under a top-level equity account).

       Example:

              $ hledger balancesheetequity
              Balance Sheet With Equity

              Assets:
                               $-2  assets
                                $1    bank:saving
                               $-3    cash
              --------------------
                               $-2

              Liabilities:
                                $1  liabilities:debts
              --------------------
                                $1

              Equity:
                        $1  equity:owner
              --------------------
                        $1

              Total:
              --------------------
                                 0

   cashflow
       This command displays a simple cashflow statement, showing  changes  in
       "cash"  accounts.  It assumes that these accounts are under a top-level
       asset account (case insensitive, plural forms also allowed) and do  not
       contain  receivable  or  A/R in their name.  Note this report shows all
       account balances with normal positive sign (like conventional financial
       statements, unlike balance/print/register) (experimental).  (cf)

       --change
              show balance change in each period (default)

       --cumulative
              show  balance  change accumulated across periods (in multicolumn
              reports), instead of changes during periods

       -H --historical
              show historical ending balance in each period (includes postings
              before report start date), instead of changes during each period

       --tree show accounts as a tree; amounts include subaccounts (default in
              simple reports)

       --flat show accounts as a list; amounts exclude subaccounts except when
              account is depth-clipped (default in multicolumn reports)

       -A --average
              show a row average column (in multicolumn mode)

       -T --row-total
              show a row total column (in multicolumn mode)

       -N --no-total
              don't show the final total row (in simple reports)

       --drop=N
              omit N leading account name parts (in flat mode)

       --no-elide
              don't squash boring parent accounts (in tree mode)

       --format=LINEFORMAT
              in single-column balance reports: use this custom line format

       --sort-amount
              sort by amount instead of account code/name

       Example:

              $ hledger cashflow
              Cashflow Statement

              Cash flows:
                               $-1  assets
                                $1    bank:saving
                               $-2    cash
              --------------------
                               $-1

              Total:
              --------------------
                               $-1

       With a reporting interval, multiple columns will be shown, one for each
       report  period.   Normally cashflow shows changes in assets per period,
       though as with multicolumn balance reports you  can  alter  the  report
       mode with --change/--cumulative/--historical.

       This  command also supports output destination and output format selec-
       tion.

   check-dates
       Check that transactions are sorted by increasing date.  With  a  query,
       only matched transactions' dates are checked.

   check-dupes
       Report  account  names having the same leaf but different prefixes.  An
       example: http://stefanorodighiero.net/software/hledger-dupes.html

   close
       Print closing/opening transactions that bring some or all account  bal-
       ances  to  zero  and  back.  Can be useful for bringing asset/liability
       balances across file boundaries, or for closing out income/expenses for
       a  period.   This  was formerly called "equity", as in Ledger, and that
       alias is also accepted.  See close -help for more.

   help
       Show any of the hledger manuals.

       The help command displays any of the main hledger manuals,  in  one  of
       several  ways.  Run it with no argument to list the manuals, or provide
       a full or partial manual name to select one.

       hledger manuals are available in several formats.   hledger  help  will
       use  the  first  of  these  display  methods  that it finds: info, man,
       $PAGER, less, stdout (or when non-interactive, just stdout).   You  can
       force a particular viewer with the --info, --man, --pager, --cat flags.

              $ hledger help
              Please choose a manual by typing "hledger help MANUAL" (a substring is ok).
              Manuals: hledger hledger-ui hledger-web hledger-api journal csv timeclock timedot

              $ hledger help h --man

              hledger(1)                    hledger User Manuals                    hledger(1)

              NAME
                     hledger - a command-line accounting tool

              SYNOPSIS
                     hledger [-f FILE] COMMAND [OPTIONS] [ARGS]
                     hledger [-f FILE] ADDONCMD -- [OPTIONS] [ARGS]
                     hledger

              DESCRIPTION
                     hledger  is  a  cross-platform  program  for tracking money, time, or any
              ...

   import
       Read new transactions added to each FILE since last run, and  add  them
       to the main journal file.

       --dry-run
              just show the transactions to be imported

       The input files are specified as arguments - no need to write -f before
       each one.  So eg to add new transactions from all CSV files to the main
       journal, it's just: hledger import *.csv

       New  transactions are detected in the same way as print -new: by assum-
       ing transactions are always added to the input files in increasing date
       order, and by saving .latest.FILE state files.

       The  -dry-run  output is in journal format, so you can filter it, eg to
       see only uncategorised transactions:

              $ hledger import --dry ... | hledger -f- print unknown --ignore-assertions

   incomestatement
       This command displays a simple income statement, showing  revenues  and
       expenses  during  a period.  It assumes that these accounts are under a
       top-level revenue or income or expense account (case insensitive,  plu-
       ral  forms  also allowed).  Note this report shows all account balances
       with normal positive  sign  (like  conventional  financial  statements,
       unlike balance/print/register) (experimental).  (is)

       --change
              show balance change in each period (default)

       --cumulative
              show  balance  change accumulated across periods (in multicolumn
              reports), instead of changes during periods

       -H --historical
              show historical ending balance in each period (includes postings
              before report start date), instead of changes during each period

       --tree show accounts as a tree; amounts include subaccounts (default in
              simple reports)

       --flat show accounts as a list; amounts exclude subaccounts except when
              account is depth-clipped (default in multicolumn reports)

       -A --average
              show a row average column (in multicolumn mode)

       -T --row-total
              show a row total column (in multicolumn mode)

       -N --no-total
              don't show the final total row

       --drop=N
              omit N leading account name parts (in flat mode)

       --no-elide
              don't squash boring parent accounts (in tree mode)

       --format=LINEFORMAT
              in single-column balance reports: use this custom line format

       --sort-amount
              sort by amount instead of account code/name

       This command displays a simple income statement.  It currently  assumes
       that  you have top-level accounts named income (or revenue) and expense
       (plural forms also allowed.)

              $ hledger incomestatement
              Income Statement

              Revenues:
                               $-2  income
                               $-1    gifts
                               $-1    salary
              --------------------
                               $-2

              Expenses:
                                $2  expenses
                                $1    food
                                $1    supplies
              --------------------
                                $2

              Total:
              --------------------
                                 0

       With a reporting interval, multiple columns will be shown, one for each
       report  period.   Normally  incomestatement shows revenues/expenses per
       period, though as with multicolumn balance reports you  can  alter  the
       report mode with --change/--cumulative/--historical.

       This  command also supports output destination and output format selec-
       tion.

   prices
       Print all market prices from the journal.

   print
       Show transactions from the journal.  Aliases: p, txns.

       -m STR --match=STR
              show the transaction whose description is most similar  to  STR,
              and is most recent

       --new  show only newer-dated transactions added in each file since last
              run

       -x     --explicit
              show all amounts explicitly

       -O FMT --output-format=FMT
              select the output format.  Supported formats: txt, csv.

       -o FILE --output-file=FILE
              write output to FILE.  A file  extension  matching  one  of  the
              above formats selects that format.

              $ hledger print
              2008/01/01 income
                  assets:bank:checking            $1
                  income:salary                  $-1

              2008/06/01 gift
                  assets:bank:checking            $1
                  income:gifts                   $-1

              2008/06/02 save
                  assets:bank:saving              $1
                  assets:bank:checking           $-1

              2008/06/03 * eat & shop
                  expenses:food                $1
                  expenses:supplies            $1
                  assets:cash                 $-2

              2008/12/31 * pay off
                  liabilities:debts               $1
                  assets:bank:checking           $-1

       The print command displays full journal entries (transactions) from the
       journal file in date order, tidily formatted.  print's output is always
       a valid hledger journal.  It preserves all transaction information, but
       it does not preserve directives or inter-transaction comments

       Normally, the journal entry's explicit or implicit amount style is pre-
       served.   Ie when an amount is omitted in the journal, it will be omit-
       ted in the output.  You can use the  -x/--explicit  flag  to  make  all
       amounts explicit, which can be useful for troubleshooting or for making
       your journal more readable and robust against data entry errors.  Note,
       -x  will  cause postings with a multi-commodity amount (these can arise
       when a multi-commodity transaction has  an  implicit  amount)  will  be
       split  into  multiple single-commodity postings, for valid journal out-
       put.

       With -B/--cost, amounts with transaction prices are converted  to  cost
       using that price.  This can be used for troubleshooting.

       With  -m/--match and a STR argument, print will show at most one trans-
       action: the one one whose description is most similar to  STR,  and  is
       most  recent.  STR should contain at least two characters.  If there is
       no similar-enough match, no transaction will be shown.

       With --new, for each FILE being read, hledger reads (and writes) a spe-
       cial  state  file  (.latest.FILE in the same directory), containing the
       latest transaction date(s) that were seen  last  time  FILE  was  read.
       When  this  file  is found, only transactions with newer dates (and new
       transactions on the latest date)  are  printed.   This  is  useful  for
       ignoring  already-seen  entries  in import data, such as downloaded CSV
       files.  Eg:

              $ hledger -f bank1.csv print --new
              # shows transactions added since last print --new on this file

       This assumes that transactions  added  to  FILE  always  have  same  or
       increasing  dates,  and  that  transactions  on the same day do not get
       reordered.  See also the import command.

       This command also supports output destination and output format  selec-
       tion.  Here's an example of print's CSV output:

              $ hledger print -Ocsv
              "txnidx","date","date2","status","code","description","comment","account","amount","commodity","credit","debit","posting-status","posting-comment"
              "1","2008/01/01","","","","income","","assets:bank:checking","1","$","","1","",""
              "1","2008/01/01","","","","income","","income:salary","-1","$","1","","",""
              "2","2008/06/01","","","","gift","","assets:bank:checking","1","$","","1","",""
              "2","2008/06/01","","","","gift","","income:gifts","-1","$","1","","",""
              "3","2008/06/02","","","","save","","assets:bank:saving","1","$","","1","",""
              "3","2008/06/02","","","","save","","assets:bank:checking","-1","$","1","","",""
              "4","2008/06/03","","*","","eat & shop","","expenses:food","1","$","","1","",""
              "4","2008/06/03","","*","","eat & shop","","expenses:supplies","1","$","","1","",""
              "4","2008/06/03","","*","","eat & shop","","assets:cash","-2","$","2","","",""
              "5","2008/12/31","","*","","pay off","","liabilities:debts","1","$","","1","",""
              "5","2008/12/31","","*","","pay off","","assets:bank:checking","-1","$","1","","",""

       o There  is  one  CSV record per posting, with the parent transaction's
         fields repeated.

       o The "txnidx" (transaction index) field shows which postings belong to
         the  same transaction.  (This number might change if transactions are
         reordered within the file, files are parsed/included in  a  different
         order, etc.)

       o The  amount  is  separated into "commodity" (the symbol) and "amount"
         (numeric quantity) fields.

       o The numeric amount is repeated in either the "credit" or "debit" col-
         umn,  for convenience.  (Those names are not accurate in the account-
         ing sense; it just puts negative amounts under  credit  and  zero  or
         greater amounts under debit.)

   print-unique
       Print transactions which do not reuse an already-seen description.

   register
       Show postings and their running total.  Aliases: r, reg.

       --cumulative
              show running total from report start date (default)

       -H --historical
              show  historical running total/balance (includes postings before
              report start date)

       -A --average
              show  running  average  of  posting  amounts  instead  of  total
              (implies -empty)

       -r --related
              show postings' siblings instead

       -w N --width=N
              set  output  width  (default:  terminal width or COLUMNS.  -wN,M
              sets description width as well)

       -O FMT --output-format=FMT
              select the output format.  Supported formats: txt, csv.

       -o FILE --output-file=FILE
              write output to FILE.  A file  extension  matching  one  of  the
              above formats selects that format.

       The register command displays postings, one per line, and their running
       total.  This is typically used with  a  query  selecting  a  particular
       account, to see that account's activity:

              $ hledger register checking
              2008/01/01 income               assets:bank:checking            $1            $1
              2008/06/01 gift                 assets:bank:checking            $1            $2
              2008/06/02 save                 assets:bank:checking           $-1            $1
              2008/12/31 pay off              assets:bank:checking           $-1             0

       The  --historical/-H  flag  adds the balance from any undisplayed prior
       postings to the running total.  This is useful when  you  want  to  see
       only recent activity, with a historically accurate running balance:

              $ hledger register checking -b 2008/6 --historical
              2008/06/01 gift                 assets:bank:checking            $1            $2
              2008/06/02 save                 assets:bank:checking           $-1            $1
              2008/12/31 pay off              assets:bank:checking           $-1             0

       The --depth option limits the amount of sub-account detail displayed.

       The  --average/-A flag shows the running average posting amount instead
       of the running total (so, the final number displayed is the average for
       the  whole  report period).  This flag implies --empty (see below).  It
       is affected by --historical.  It  works  best  when  showing  just  one
       account and one commodity.

       The  --related/-r  flag shows the other postings in the transactions of
       the postings which would normally be shown.

       With a reporting interval, register shows  summary  postings,  one  per
       interval, aggregating the postings to each account:

              $ hledger register --monthly income
              2008/01                 income:salary                          $-1           $-1
              2008/06                 income:gifts                           $-1           $-2

       Periods  with no activity, and summary postings with a zero amount, are
       not shown by default; use the --empty/-E flag to see them:

              $ hledger register --monthly income -E
              2008/01                 income:salary                          $-1           $-1
              2008/02                                                          0           $-1
              2008/03                                                          0           $-1
              2008/04                                                          0           $-1
              2008/05                                                          0           $-1
              2008/06                 income:gifts                           $-1           $-2
              2008/07                                                          0           $-2
              2008/08                                                          0           $-2
              2008/09                                                          0           $-2
              2008/10                                                          0           $-2
              2008/11                                                          0           $-2
              2008/12                                                          0           $-2

       Often, you'll want to see just one  line  per  interval.   The  --depth
       option helps with this, causing subaccounts to be aggregated:

              $ hledger register --monthly assets --depth 1h
              2008/01                 assets                                  $1            $1
              2008/06                 assets                                 $-1             0
              2008/12                 assets                                 $-1           $-1

       Note  when using report intervals, if you specify start/end dates these
       will be adjusted outward if necessary to  contain  a  whole  number  of
       intervals.   This  ensures  that  the first and last intervals are full
       length and comparable to the others in the report.

   Custom register output
       register uses the full terminal width by default,  except  on  windows.
       You  can override this by setting the COLUMNS environment variable (not
       a bash shell variable) or by using the --width/-w option.

       The description and account columns normally share  the  space  equally
       (about  half  of  (width  - 40) each).  You can adjust this by adding a
       description  width  as  part  of  -width's  argument,  comma-separated:
       --width W,D .  Here's a diagram:

              <--------------------------------- width (W) ---------------------------------->
              date (10)  description (D)       account (W-41-D)     amount (12)   balance (12)
              DDDDDDDDDD dddddddddddddddddddd  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa  AAAAAAAAAAAA  AAAAAAAAAAAA

       and some examples:

              $ hledger reg                     # use terminal width (or 80 on windows)
              $ hledger reg -w 100              # use width 100
              $ COLUMNS=100 hledger reg         # set with one-time environment variable
              $ export COLUMNS=100; hledger reg # set till session end (or window resize)
              $ hledger reg -w 100,40           # set overall width 100, description width 40
              $ hledger reg -w $COLUMNS,40      # use terminal width, and set description width

       This  command also supports output destination and output format selec-
       tion.

   register-match
       Print the one posting whose transaction description is closest to DESC,
       in  the  style  of  the register command.  Helps ledger-autosync detect
       already-seen transactions when importing.

   rewrite
       Print all transactions, adding custom postings to the matched ones.

   stats
       Show some journal statistics.

       -o FILE --output-file=FILE
              write output to FILE.  A file  extension  matching  one  of  the
              above formats selects that format.

              $ hledger stats
              Main journal file        : /src/hledger/examples/sample.journal
              Included journal files   :
              Transactions span        : 2008-01-01 to 2009-01-01 (366 days)
              Last transaction         : 2008-12-31 (2333 days ago)
              Transactions             : 5 (0.0 per day)
              Transactions last 30 days: 0 (0.0 per day)
              Transactions last 7 days : 0 (0.0 per day)
              Payees/descriptions      : 5
              Accounts                 : 8 (depth 3)
              Commodities              : 1 ($)

       The  stats  command displays summary information for the whole journal,
       or a matched part of it.  With a reporting interval, it shows a  report
       for each report period.

       This  command also supports output destination and output format selec-
       tion.

   tags
       List all the tag names used in the journal.  With a TAGREGEX  argument,
       only  tag  names matching the regular expression (case insensitive) are
       shown.  With additional QUERY arguments, only transactions matching the
       query are considered.

   test
       Run built-in unit tests.

              $ hledger test
              Cases: 74  Tried: 74  Errors: 0  Failures: 0

       This  command  runs  hledger's built-in unit tests and displays a quick
       report.  With a regular expression argument, it selects only tests with
       matching names.  It's mainly used in development, but it's also nice to
       be able to check your hledger executable for smoke at any time.

ADD-ON COMMANDS
       hledger also searches for external add-on commands,  and  will  include
       these in the commands list.  These are programs or scripts in your PATH
       whose name starts with hledger- and ends with a recognised file  exten-
       sion (currently: no extension, bat,com,exe, hs,lhs,pl,py,rb,rkt,sh).

       Add-ons  can  be  invoked like any hledger command, but there are a few
       things to be aware of.  Eg if the hledger-web add-on is installed,

       o hledger -h web  shows  hledger's  help,  while  hledger web -h  shows
         hledger-web's help.

       o Flags  specific  to  the add-on must have a preceding -- to hide them
         from hledger.  So hledger web --serve --port 9000 will  be  rejected;
         you must use hledger web -- --serve --port 9000.

       o You    can    always    run    add-ons    directly    if   preferred:
         hledger-web --serve --port 9000.

       Add-ons are a relatively easy way to add local features  or  experiment
       with  new  ideas.   They  can  be  written in any language, but haskell
       scripts have a big advantage:  they  can  use  the  same  hledger  (and
       haskell)  library functions that built-in commands do, for command-line
       options, journal parsing, reporting, etc.

       Here are some hledger add-ons available:

   Official add-ons
       These are maintained and released along with hledger.

   api
       hledger-api serves hledger data as a JSON web API.

   ui
       hledger-ui provides an efficient curses-style interface.

   web
       hledger-web provides a simple web interface.

   Third party add-ons
       These are maintained separately, and usually updated  shortly  after  a
       hledger release.

   diff
       hledger-diff shows differences in an account's transactions between one
       journal file and another.

   iadd
       hledger-iadd is a curses-style, more interactive  replacement  for  the
       add command.

   interest
       hledger-interest generates interest transactions for an account accord-
       ing to various schemes.

   irr
       hledger-irr calculates the internal rate of  return  of  an  investment
       account.

   Experimental add-ons
       These  are  available  in source form in the hledger repo's bin/ direc-
       tory; installing them is pretty easy.  They may be less mature and doc-
       umented  than  built-in commands.  Reading and tweaking these is a good
       way to start making your own!

   autosync
       hledger-autosync is a symbolic link for easily running ledger-autosync,
       if  installed.   ledger-autosync  does  deduplicating conversion of OFX
       data and some CSV formats, and can also download the data if your  bank
       offers OFX Direct Connect.

   budget
       hledger-budget.hs adds more budget-tracking features to hledger.

   chart
       hledger-chart.hs is an old pie chart generator, in need of some love.

   check
       hledger-check.hs checks more powerful account balance assertions.

ENVIRONMENT
       COLUMNS  The  screen  width used by the register command.  Default: the
       full terminal width.

       LEDGER_FILE The journal file path when not specified with -f.  Default:
       ~/.hledger.journal  (on  windows,  perhaps C:/Users/USER/.hledger.jour-
       nal).

FILES
       Reads data from one or more files in hledger journal, timeclock,  time-
       dot,   or   CSV   format   specified   with  -f,  or  $LEDGER_FILE,  or
       $HOME/.hledger.journal          (on          windows,           perhaps
       C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal).

BUGS
       The  need  to  precede  addon command options with -- when invoked from
       hledger is awkward.

       When input data contains non-ascii characters, a suitable system locale
       must be configured (or there will be an unhelpful error).  Eg on POSIX,
       set LANG to something other than C.

       In a Microsoft Windows CMD window, non-ascii characters and colours are
       not supported.

       In a Cygwin/MSYS/Mintty window, the tab key is not supported in hledger
       add.

       Not all of Ledger's journal file syntax is supported.  See file  format
       differences.

       On  large  data  files,  hledger  is  slower  and uses more memory than
       Ledger.

TROUBLESHOOTING
       Here are some issues you might encounter  when  you  run  hledger  (and
       remember  you can also seek help from the IRC channel, mail list or bug
       tracker):

       Successfully installed, but "No command `hledger' found"
       stack and cabal install binaries into a special directory, which should
       be  added  to your PATH environment variable.  Eg on unix-like systems,
       that is ~/.local/bin and ~/.cabal/bin respectively.

       I set a custom LEDGER_FILE, but hledger is still using the default file
       LEDGER_FILE  should  be  a  real environment variable, not just a shell
       variable.  The command env | grep LEDGER_FILE should show it.  You  may
       need to use export.  Here's an explanation.

       "Illegal  byte  sequence"  or  "Invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide
       character" errors
       In order to handle non-ascii letters and symbols (like ), hledger needs
       an appropriate locale.  This is usually configured system-wide; you can
       also configure it temporarily.  The locale may need to be one that sup-
       ports  UTF-8,  if you built hledger with GHC < 7.2 (or possibly always,
       I'm not sure yet).

       Here's  an  example  of  setting  the  locale  temporarily,  on  ubuntu
       gnu/linux:

              $ file my.journal
              my.journal: UTF-8 Unicode text                 # <- the file is UTF8-encoded
              $ locale -a
              C
              en_US.utf8                             # <- a UTF8-aware locale is available
              POSIX
              $ LANG=en_US.utf8 hledger -f my.journal print   # <- use it for this command

       Here's one way to set it permanently, there are probably better ways:

              $ echo "export LANG=en_US.UTF-8" >>~/.bash_profile
              $ bash --login

       If  we  preferred  to  use eg fr_FR.utf8, we might have to install that
       first:

              $ apt-get install language-pack-fr
              $ locale -a
              C
              en_US.utf8
              fr_BE.utf8
              fr_CA.utf8
              fr_CH.utf8
              fr_FR.utf8
              fr_LU.utf8
              POSIX
              $ LANG=fr_FR.utf8 hledger -f my.journal print

       Note some platforms allow variant locale spellings, but not all (ubuntu
       accepts fr_FR.UTF8, mac osx requires exactly fr_FR.UTF-8).



REPORTING BUGS
       Report  bugs at http://bugs.hledger.org (or on the #hledger IRC channel
       or hledger mail list)


AUTHORS
       Simon Michael <simon@joyful.com> and contributors


COPYRIGHT
       Copyright (C) 2007-2016 Simon Michael.
       Released under GNU GPL v3 or later.


SEE ALSO
       hledger(1),     hledger-ui(1),     hledger-web(1),      hledger-api(1),
       hledger_csv(5), hledger_journal(5), hledger_timeclock(5), hledger_time-
       dot(5), ledger(1)

       http://hledger.org



hledger 1.5.99                   January 2018                       hledger(1)
