# Releasing
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Notes for hledger release managers and maintainers.

## Current goals
### 2022Q1
- Update/consolidate release process docs
- Establish routine monthly release cadence
- Make releasing easy

## Release types

|                       | Major&nbsp;release<br>A.B      | Bugfix&nbsp;release<br>A.B.C | Fixup&nbsp;release<br>A.B.C.D                | Preview&nbsp;release<br>A.B.99.D         |
|-----------------------|--------------------------------|------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|
| **Contains:**         | New features, breaking changes | Only bug fixes               | Trivial packaging fixes, no software changes | Early snapshot of the next major release |
| **When:**             | Third month of quarter: March, June, September, December | When needed                  | Never                                        | First & second months of quarter |
|                       |                                |                              |                                              |                                          |
| **Deliverables:**     |                                |                              |                                              |                                          |
| Changelogs            | ✓                              | ✓                            | ✓                                            | ✓                                        |
| Github release        | ✓                              | ✓                            | ✓                                            | ✓                                        |
| Binaries              | ✓                              | ✓                            | ✓                                            | ✓                                        |
| Hackage release       | ✓                              | ✓                            | ✓                                            |                                          |
| Install page          | ✓                              | ✓                            | ✓                                            |                                          |
| hledger-install       | ✓                              | ✓                            | ✓                                            |                                          |
| [Regression bounty]   | ✓                              | ✓                            | ✓                                            |                                          |
| Release notes         | ✓                              | ✓                            |                                              |                                          |
| Web manuals           | ✓                              |                              |                                              |                                          |
| Announcements         | ✓                              |                              |                                              |                                          |

[Regression bounty]: http://hledger.org/regressionbounty

hledger major releases happen in the third month of each quarter, normally at or close to the start of the month.
Preview releases happen in the other months.
Here's the ideal release schedule:

| Q1               | Q2               | Q3               | Q4               |
|------------------|------------------|------------------|------------------|
| Jan 1: preview 1 | Apr 1: preview 1 | Jul 1: preview 1 | Oct 1: preview 1 |
| Feb 1: preview 2 | May 1: preview 2 | Aug 1: preview 2 | Nov 1: preview 2 |
| Mar 1: major     | Jun 1: major     | Sep 1: major     | Dec 1: major     |


## Glossary
Here are some definitions, useful eg when executing or automating release procedures.

|                                     |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
|-------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                                     | **General concepts**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| *release*                           | A snapshot of the software and related artifacts like executable binaries, which is named, tagged, documented, announced, and usually picked up by packaging systems on various platforms.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
| *version control system, VCS*       | A tool used for storing and sharing and viewing the history and different lines of development of a software project, or other set of files. hledger uses Git.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| *repository, repo*                  | A set of files being stored and managed by a VCS. Often published on a *repository hosting service*, such as Github.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| *working copy, clone*               | A local copy of a repository's files. Typically each developer has one or more of these, and can share changes easily with the official public repository.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
| *branch*                            | Some VCS's, including Git, can store multiple branching lines of development within one repository. A working copy can be quickly switched to a different branch to show its content.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| *master, main*                      | The main branch in a repo, usually named `master` or `main`. Pull requests are usually relative to this.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| *pull request, PR*                  | A request to merge a development branch with master, and any related discussion. On Github, these are kept alongside issues in the issue tracker.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| *continuous integration, CI*        | Automated actions that run when new code is pushed to a shared repo, such as running tests or producing binaries. On Github this is called Github Actions and action scripts are called *workflows*.                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
|                                     | **hledger concepts**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| *package*                           | A releasable unit of Haskell software. hledger has several core packages usually released together: hledger-lib, hledger, hledger-ui, hledger-web.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| *hledger version number*            | A 2-4 part dotted number naming a hledger release or hledger package version: `MA.JOR[.MINOR[.FIXUP]]` or `MA.JOR.99[.PREVIEW]` where 99 means "unreleased (MAJOR+1)". See examples below.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
| *hledger version string*            | A line of text describing a hledger binary, shown by `--version`. It contains program name, version number, commit hash and date, machine architecture etc. Eg: `hledger 1.24.1-g7799d526b-20211210, mac-x86_64`                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| *Complete, partial, mixed releases* | A release of all the core hledger packages (hledger-lib, hledger, hledger-ui, hledger-web) is called *complete*. A release of only some of the core packages is called *partial*. A release where some packages have different versions (because of a previous partial release) is called *mixed*. Major and preview releases are always complete, bugfix and fixup releases can be partial and/or mixed.                  |
| *changelog*                         | A CHANGES.md file listing the release history and the changes in each release. There is one for each hledger package and one for the hledger project as a whole.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| *release notes*                     | The Release Notes page on the hledger website: the combined release history of the core hledger packages, showing user visible changes only.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
|                                     | **hledger release/build types**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| *Major release*                     | Major releases include new features and incompatible API changes, and normally happen at the start of each quarter's third month (3/1, 6/1, 9/1, 12/1). Example version number: `1.25`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| *Bugfix release*                    | Bugfix releases include only bug fixes, without API changes. These happen when needed, to fix significant bugs in the previous major release. Example version number: `1.25.2` (*"second bugfix release for 1.25"*)                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| *Fixup release*                     | Fixup releases fix packaging errors, with no changes to the hledger software. These should be rare. Example version number: `1.25.0.1` or `1.25.2.1` (*"first fixup release for 1.25 / 1.25.2"*)                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| *Preview release*                   | A preview of the upcoming major release for testers/early adopters, and a test of the release process, published on Github. Not a formal hledger release, eg not published on Hackage, usually not packaged, no bugfix releases, no regression bounties, not shown in release notes. These typically appear in the quarter's first and second month if needed. Example version number: `1.25.99.1` (*"preview 1 of 1.26"*) |
| *CI binaries*                       | Temporary downloadable binaries produced by a run of the `linux`/`mac`/`windows` workflows in the hledger repo. This may happen periodically, eg weekly. Downloading requires a Github login.                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| *Dev build*                         | A local developer build of unreleased code. This is typically in `master` or a development/PR branch. Example version number: `1.25.99` (*"unreleased 1.26-dev"*)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
|                                     | **hledger repos and branches**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| *hledger repo*                      | The `hledger` git repository, containing the hledger software, reference manuals, and developer docs. <https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| *site repo*                         | The `hledger_website` git repository, containing most of the hledger website which appears at <https://hledger.org>. Usually checked out under the hledger repo as `site/`. <https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger_website>                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| *master*                            | The branch named `master` in the hledger repo; the main line of hledger development. Pull requests are usually relative to this.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| *release&nbsp;branch*               | Branches named `MA.JOR-branch` in the hledger repo, eg `1.25-branch`. Releases and release previews are always made from a release branch.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |

## Procedures
### Preview release
- check prerequisites
- prepare release branch (`tools/release prep A.B.99.D`)
- make binaries (`tools/release bin`, get all platforms built on the same commit, download binaries)
- tag the release (`make tag`) (major release: make announcement first)
- push to github (`git push origin MA.JOR-branch && git push --tags` or magit `P p`, `P t`)
- make github preview release
- update master after release

#### Check prerequisites
- master's changelogs are up to date (see [CHANGELOGS](CHANGELOGS.html))
- master or release branch is ready for release
  - clean and synced working copy
  - no pending release-blocking issues/prs
  - tests pass
- Shake is up to date
  - uses same resolver as stack.yaml
  - uses any required workarounds in stack.yaml
  - binary is up to date (`./Shake.hs`)
  - commit any changes (msg: `tools: shake`)
- appropriate timing, release manager availability

#### Prepare release branch
- `tools/release prep OLDMA.JOR.99.PREVIEWNUM` (eg 1.24.99.1 for 1.25 preview 1)
- cherry pick changes from master
  - list changes in three side-by-side magit windows
    - 1. NEW IN MASTER: `l o MAJORVER-branch..master`, `M-x magit-toggle-buffer-lock`, `M-x toggle-window-dedicated` (`C-c D`)
    - 2. HEAD: regular magit status view
    - 3. RELEASE BRANCH: `l o MAJORVER-branch`, `M-x magit-toggle-buffer-lock`, `M-x toggle-window-dedicated`
  - in master window, working from bottom upward, cherry-pick all non-conflicting changes
    - skip changes already in release branch
    - skip changelog, command help, and manuals updates
- `./Shake cmdhelp -c`
- `./Shake manuals -c`
- update release changelogs (see [CHANGELOGS](CHANGELOGS.html))
- release branch testing
  - `stack test --fast`
  - `make functest`
  - `stack exec -- hledger --version`, check version
  - `stack exec -- hledger help | tail`, check version & date

#### Make github preview release

- review previous similar release, eg https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/releases/edit/1.24.99.1
- create new release, https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/releases/new
- set tag
- set title
- copy/paste preamble
- copy/paste cli/ui/web/lib changelogs
  - deepen headings 2 steps and add package names
- upload CI binaries
- save as draft
- preview release testing
- publish

#### Update master after release
- switch back to master
- update master changelogs, merging final release changelog entries (see [CHANGELOGS](CHANGELOGS.html))
- after a major release: bump master to new dev version (`./Shake setversion -c A.B.99`)

### Major release
- prepare as for preview release
- make release notes
- make announcement
- update hledger-install
- update install page
- add manuals to website
- announce major release
#### Make release notes

In site repo:

- update `release-notes.md`
  - copy template, uncomment
  - replace date
  - replace XX with NEW
  - add new changelog sections, excluding hledger-lib
  - remove any empty sections
  - add contributors, `git shortlog -sn OLD..NEW`
  - add summary (major release) or remove it (bugfix release)
  - check preview in vs code
  - commit: `relnotes: NEW`

#### Make announcement

In release branch (?):

- update `doc/ANNOUNCE` (major release)
  - summary, contributors from release notes
  - any other edits
  - commit: `;doc: ANNOUNCE`

In master (?):

- cherry pick useful release branch changes
  - `;doc: ANNOUNCE`

#### Update hledger-install script

- update `hledger-install/hledger-install.sh`
  - HLEDGER_INSTALL_VERSION
  - RESOLVER
  - HLEDGER_*_VERSION
  - EXTRA_DEPS
- test ? (`cd; bash \~/src/hledger/hledger-install/hledger-install.sh`)

#### Update install page

In site repo:

- update `install.md`
  - query-replace OLD -> NEW in 
    - "current hledger release"
    - CI binaries badges/links, including linux-static-arm32v7 if built
    - "building from source"
    - stack install command
    - cabal install command
  - query-replace OLD-brightgreen -> OLD-red
  - only after release binaries are built (preferably after release is published):
    update --version outputs (search: hledger --version)
  - final output line from `hledger test` (run in terminal for normal speed)
  - Total count from `make functest`
  - commit: `download: NEW`

#### Add manuals to website

In site: 

- js/site.js: add NEW, update currentrelease
- Makefile: add NEW, two places
- make snapshot-NEW
- (cd src; rm current; ln -s NEW current)
- commit/amend
- push

On hledger.org:

- in /etc/caddy/hledger.org:
  - add `path` and `redir`s for NEW
  - `systemctl reload caddy`

- in site/
  - make clean all

- purge cloudflare cache
- browsers might still require shift-reload to see new manuals (safari)

#### Announce major release

- push site download/relnotes updates
- push master hledger-install update
- share release notes link, then markdown content, in #hledger chat
- send ANNOUNCE to hledger@googlegroups.com, haskell-cafe@googlegroups.com (major release)
  or brief announcement to hledger@googlegroups.com (bugfix release)
  - ANN: hledger NEW
  - release notes link, summary
  - release notes html (copied from browser)
- tweet at https://twitter.com/simonkwmichael ?
- toot at https://fosstodon.org/web/accounts/106304084994827771 ?

### Bugfix release
- switch to release branch
- cherry pick changes from master
- proceed as above, with MA.JOR.MINOR
### Fixup release
- switch to release branch
- cherry pick changes from master
- proceed as above, with MA.JOR.MINOR.FIXUP

### After a release
- monitor packaging status, update install page
  - docker - expect/merge PR
  - homebrew - expect badge to update soon
  - nix - expect `make nix-hledger-version` to update after a few days, find and update to that commit hash
  - linux distros - once in a while, follow the links & search for newer versions, update
- provide support, monitor issues
- prepare followup releases if needed
- update process docs and tools

### Packaging
#### Update homebrew formula

1.  ref

    1.  helpers: chenrui & stack issue commenters on github, Athas on
        #haskell

    2.  <https://docs.brew.sh/How-To-Open-a-Homebrew-Pull-Request>

    3.  doc

        If a URL is specified, the SHA-256 checksum of the new download
        should also be specified. A best effort to determine the SHA-256
        and formula name will be made if either or both values are not
        supplied by the user.

        If a tag is specified, the Git commit revision corresponding to
        that tag must also be specified.

        Note: this command cannot be used to transition a formula from a
        URL-and-SHA-256 style specification into a tag-and-revision
        style specifi- cation, nor vice versa. It must use whichever
        style specification the for- mula already uses.

2.  update homebrew working copy

    1.  cd \~/src/DEVTOOLS/homebrew-core

    2.  git reset --hard HEAD\~1 && git fetch origin && git merge
        origin/master && git push -f

3.  get release tarball checksums

    export V=X.Y; for P in -lib \"\" -ui -web; do curl -sO
    <https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger$P-$V/hledger$P-$V.tar.gz>;
    done && shasum -a256 \*.gz

4.  update Formula/hledger.rb

    1.  update tarball urls, shas

    2.  update other version references

    3.  maybe update stackage snapshot

    4.  possible new process, see:
        <https://docs.brew.sh/How-To-Open-a-Homebrew-Pull-Request#create-your-pull-request-from-a-new-branch>

    5.  test (if possible without too many mac/brew hassles)

        1.  brew audit --strict Formula/hledger.rb \# some tests are
            post-install, try also after brew upgrade

        2.  brew upgrade Formula/hledger.rb -s -n -v \# \[scrub download
            cache, dry run, verbose\]

            1.  super slow, how to speed up ?

                1.  comment out stack update

                2.  add , \"--stack-root=/Users/simon/.stack\" to stack
                    install \# fails on permissions

        3.  brew test Formula/hledger.rb

    6.  commit with name \"hledger X.Y\" and description \"Update to
        hledger X.Y.\"

5.  get merged

    1.  git push -f simonmichael

    2.  gh pr create -f

    3.  monitor: PR CI, PR merge,
        <https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/hledger> page

    4.  ping brew contributors/maintainers if necessary: @chenrui,
        @carlocab, @SMillerDev

#### Update nix install command

1.  Wait for the new hledger version to land in nixpkgs

    1.  make nix-hledger-version

2.  Find the nixpkgs haskell-packages commit post-dating the hledger
    release:

    1.  make nix-view-commits \#
        <https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/commits/master/pkgs/development/haskell-modules/hackage-packages.nix>

3.  Test the nix-env install command with that commit hash

    1.  if it fails with \"SSL peer certificate or SSH remote key was
        not OK\"

        1.  . *Users/simon*.nix-profile/etc/profile.d/nix.sh

        2.  or re-install:

            1.  curl -sO <https://nixos.org/nix/install>

            2.  less install

            3.  sh install

            4.  . *Users/simon*.nix-profile/etc/profile.d/nix.sh

    2.  on linux

    3.  on mac

#### Update stackage

1.  update
    <https://github.com/fpco/stackage/blob/master/build-constraints.yaml>
    if needed

2.  monitor for new package versions in nightly: check
    <https://www.stackage.org/package/hledger>
    
### General tips
- Follow the RELEASING.md procedures when helpful, ignore them when not.
- Don't update RELEASING.md while releasing, it's too distracting. Do update it after the release is complete.
- Don't try to document, let alone automate, every little thing; it's too much and too unstable.
- Make things a little better each time through: simpler, more reliable, more automated, easier, faster, cheaper, higher quality.
- Release (or practice releasing) often.
- Releases should always be made from a release branch, not from master.
- Don't tag until CI binaries have been produced for all platforms from the same commit.
- Update [CHANGELOGS](CHANGELOGS.html) early and often, eg during or after a PR, to spread the work.
- Release tasks have complex interdependencies and sequencing constraints.
  Chunk and separate them as far as possible. Eg
  - **Software** - selecting changes, packages, release dates; coordinating contributions; ensuring release readiness
  - **Branch Management** - coordinating main and release branch, local and remote repos, CI branches
  - **Version Bumping** - choosing and applying new version numbers and related things like tags, github releases, urls, ghc and dep versions, stackage resolvers, everywhere needed
  - **Docs** - command help, manuals, changelogs, release notes, github release notes, install page, install scripts, announcements, process docs
  - **Testing** - local testing, CI testing, extra release-specific testing
  - **Artifacts** - generating binaries, zip files, github releases etc.
  - **Publishing** - uploading, pushing, making visible, finalising
  - **Announcing** - various announcement stages and channels
