@alias OLD1 = NEW1

2012-01-01 Something
  OLD1  $10.00
  Other

!alias OLD2 = NEW2

2012-01-01 Something
  OLD2  $10.00
  Other

account NEW3
  alias OLD3

2012-01-01 Something
  OLD3  $10.00
  Other

$ hledger -f- check

#test bal
#              $10.00  NEW1
#              $10.00  NEW2
#              $10.00  NEW3
#             $-30.00  Other
#--------------------
#                   0
#end test
#