<!-- hledger repo and http://hledger.org versions of this document are periodically bidirectionally synced -->

* toc

# Developer guide

## Quick links

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<!-- | hledger.org&nbsp;&nbsp; | [combined release notes](release notes), [pre-compiled binaries](download) | -->
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| IRC                     | Join [#hledger](http://hledger.org/irc) ([chat log](http://ircbrowse.net/browse/hledger); see also [#ledger](http://webchat.freenode.net?channels=ledger&randomnick=1)) |
| Mail list               | [list.hledger.org](http://list.hledger.org) ([Gmane](http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.comp.finance.ledger.hledger)) |
| Twitter                 | [#ledgercli](https://twitter.com/search?q=%23ledgercli&src=typd&f=realtime), <a href="https://twitter.com/ledgertips">@LedgerTips</a> |
| hledger-web demo&nbsp;&nbsp;        | [demo.hledger.org](http://demo.hledger.org) |
| Trello                  | [planning board](http://hledger.org/trello) |
| Github                  | [code.hledger.org](http://github.com/simonmichael/hledger) <br> [commits](http://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/commits), [COMMITS](http://starlogs.net/#simonmichael/hledger) (turn up your volume), [unreleased commits](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/compare/0.23...master), [release branch commits](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/compare/master...0.23) <br> [build status (hydra)](http://hydra.cryp.to/jobset/hledger/master#tabs-jobs) <br> [open bugs](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/issues?direction=desc&labels=BUG&page=1&sort=created&state=open), [all bugs](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/issues?direction=desc&labels=BUG&page=1&sort=created), [open issues](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/issues?direction=desc&labels=&page=1&sort=created&state=open), [all issues](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/issues?direction=desc&labels=&page=1&sort=created), <a href="https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/issues?q=label%3Abounty+">issues with bounties</a>, <a href="https://www.bountysource.com/trackers/536505-simonmichael-hledger">issue bounties @ bountysource.com</a> |
| Hackage                 | [hledger-lib](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger-lib), [hledger](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger), [hledger-web](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger-web), [hledger-interest](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger-interest), [hledger-irr](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger-irr), [hledger-vty](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger-vty), [hledger-chart](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger-chart), [\*hledger\*](http://hackage.haskell.org/packages/search?terms=hledger) <br> reverse dependencies: [hledger-lib](http://packdeps.haskellers.com/reverse/hledger-lib), [hledger](http://packdeps.haskellers.com/reverse/hledger), [outdated dependencies](http://packdeps.haskellers.com/feed/?needle=hledger) <br> [download stats](http://best-haskell.herokuapp.com/#/category/Finance) |
| Stackage                | [hledger entry](https://github.com/fpco/stackage/blob/master/Stackage/Config.hs#L449-450), [issues](https://github.com/fpco/stackage/search?q=hledger&ref=cmdform&type=Issues) <br> [build status (jenkins)](http://jenkins.stackage.org/job/Stackage/), last build output: [7.4](http://jenkins.stackage.org/job/Stackage/ghcversion=7.4.2/lastBuild/console), [7.6](http://jenkins.stackage.org/job/Stackage/ghcversion=7.6.3/lastBuild/console), [7.8](http://jenkins.stackage.org/job/Stackage/ghcversion=7.8.2/lastBuild/console) |
| Debian                  | source packages <br> [haskell-hledger-lib](http://packages.qa.debian.org/h/haskell-hledger-lib.html), [bugs](https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?package=haskell-hledger-lib), [haskell-hledger](http://packages.qa.debian.org/h/haskell-hledger.html), [bugs](https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?package=haskell-hledger), [haskell-hledger-web](http://packages.qa.debian.org/h/haskell-hledger-web.html), [bugs](https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?package=haskell-hledger-web) <br> binary packages <br> testing: [hledger](https://packages.debian.org/testing/hledger), [bugs](https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?package=hledger;dist=testing), [hledger-web](https://packages.debian.org/testing/hledger-web), [bugs](https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?package=hledger-web;dist=testing) <br> unstable: [hledger](https://packages.debian.org/unstable/hledger), [bugs](https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?package=hledger;dist=unstable), [hledger-web](https://packages.debian.org/unstable/hledger-web), [bugs](https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?package=hledger-web;dist=unstable) <br> all: [\*hledger\*](https://packages.debian.org/search?searchon=names&keywords=hledger) <br> popularity stats: [hledger](https://qa.debian.org/popcon.php?package=haskell-hledger), [hledger-web](https://qa.debian.org/popcon.php?package=haskell-hledger-web) <br> [PTS help](https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/developers-reference/resources.html#pkg-tracking-system) |
| Ubuntu                  | source packages <br> [haskell-hledger-lib](https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/haskell-hledger-lib), [bugs](https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/haskell-hledger-lib), [haskell-hledger](https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/haskell-hledger), [bugs](https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/haskell-hledger), [haskell-hledger-web](https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/haskell-hledger-web), [bugs](https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/haskell-hledger-web) <br> binary packages <br> [\*hledger\*](http://packages.ubuntu.com/search?suite=all&searchon=names&keywords=hledger) |
| Gentoo                  | [hledger](http://gpo.zugaina.org/dev-haskell/hledger), [hledger-web](http://gpo.zugaina.org/dev-haskell/hledger-web), [\*hledger\*](http://gpo.zugaina.org/Search?search=hledger) |
| Fedora                  | [hledger](https://apps.fedoraproject.org/packages/hledger), [\*hledger\*](https://apps.fedoraproject.org/packages/s/hledger), [Haskell SIG](http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Haskell_SIG) |

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<!-- old/future links -->
<!-- [haddock coverage](http://hledger.org/profs/haddock-coverage), -->
<!-- [unit test coverage](http://hledger.org/profs/coverage/hpc_index_fun.html), -->
<!-- [benchmark](http://hledger.org/profs/latest.bench) -->
<!-- [profile](http://hledger.org/profs/latest.prof), -->
<!-- [heap](http://hledger.org/profs/latest.ps) -->
<!-- [developer notes](http://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/NOTES.org)\ -->
<!-- [browse dev API docs](http://hledger.org/api/frames.html) -->
<!-- [How to clone it](developer-guide#set-up-for-development) -->
<!-- [hledger-web dev demo](http://demo.hledger.org:5001) -->

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## Project overview

A rough overview/blueprint for the hledger project.

### Mission, principles, goals

The hledger project aims to produce:

- a practical, accessible, dependable tool for end users
- a useful library and toolbox for finance-minded haskell programmers
- a successful, time-and-money-solvent project within a thriving ecosystem of financial software projects.

### Roles and activities

- newcomer/potential user
- user
- library user
- field tester
- bug wrangler
- support
- documentor
- qa
- developer
- packager
- communicator
- project manager

### Documentation

Project documentation lives in a number of places:

- `doc/*.md` and `doc/site/*.md` form the hledger.org website, which is generated with hakyll[-std] and pandoc
- haddock documentation in the code appears on Hackage
- short blurbs: cabal files, module headers, HCAR, GSOC project, ..
- `doc/notes.org` has some old developer notes
- developer reports (profiles, benchmarks, coverage..) in doc/profs, sometimes published at hledger.org/profs

### Code

The hledger repo is hosted on Github, at <http://github.com/simonmichael/hledger>.
You can also jump there via `code.hledger.org[/commits]`.

### Quality control

Relevant tools include:

- unit tests (HUnit, make unittest)
- functional tests (shelltestrunner, make functest)
- performance tests (simplebench, make bench)
- documentation tests (make haddocktest + manual)
- ui tests (manual)
- installation tests (manual)
- code reviews

### Code reviews

We held a code review party, hopefully the first of many, in July 2014 on the mail list and IRC channel.
Here's the original [proposal](http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.finance.ledger.hledger/1070) giving some motivation, and the discussion logs, note these are a good source of hledger development tips:

- 2014/7/21-25 **hledger-web code & UI**
  [mail thread](http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.finance.ledger.hledger/1070),
  [IRC log](http://hledger.org/static/irc-20140725-code-review.html)


<!-- ### release process -->

<!-- ### roadmap -->

<!-- ### communication and collaboration -->

<!-- ### web presence and hosting setup -->

<!-- ### finances and other resources -->

<!-- ### licensing and legal issues -->

<!-- ### contributors and credits -->

---

## Implementation notes

### hledger

There are two core cabal packages:

**[hledger-lib](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger-lib)** - data model, parsing, manipulation, standard reports
([github](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/tree/master/hledger-lib))\
**[hledger](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger)** - command line interface, reusable cli options & helpers
([github](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/tree/master/hledger))

Most data types are defined in hledger-lib:Hledger.Data.Types,
while functions that operate on them are defined in
hledger-lib:Hledger.Data.TYPENAME.
Here's a diagram of the main data model:

<uml>
hide empty members
hide circle
skinparam packageStyle Rect

Ledger *-- Journal
Ledger *-- "*" Account
note top of Ledger: A Journal and all its accounts with their balances.\nUsed for balance report
note top of Journal: A journal file and parsed transactions & directives.\nUsed for print & register reports
note bottom of Account: An account's name, balance (inclusive &\nexclusive), parent and child accounts
Account o-- "*" Account :subaccounts, parent
Journal o-- File
File o-- "*" File :include
Journal *-- "*" HistoricalPrice
Journal *-- "*" Transaction
HistoricalPrice -- Date
HistoricalPrice -- Amount
Transaction -- Date
Transaction *-- "*" Posting
Transaction o-- "*" Tag
Posting o- "*" Tag
Posting -- "0..1" Date
Account -- AccountName
Posting -- AccountName
Account -- "2" MixedAmount
Posting -- MixedAmount
MixedAmount *-- "*" Amount
Amount -- Commodity
Amount -- Quantity
Amount -- Price
Amount -- AmountStyle
</uml>

hledger parses the journal file into a
[Journal](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger-lib-0.23.2/docs/Hledger-Data-Types.html#t:Journal),
which contains a list of
[Transactions](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger-lib-0.23.2/docs/Hledger-Data-Types.html#t:Transaction),
each containing multiple
[Postings](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger-lib-0.23.2/docs/Hledger-Data-Types.html#t:Posting)
of some
[MixedAmount](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger-lib-0.23.2/docs/Hledger-Data-Types.html#t:MixedAmount)
(multiple
single-[Commodity](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger-lib-0.23.2/docs/Hledger-Data-Types.html#t:Commodity)
[Amounts](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger-lib-0.23.2/docs/Hledger-Data-Types.html#t:Amount))
to some
[AccountName](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger-lib-0.23.2/docs/Hledger-Data-Types.html#t:AccountName).
Commands get and render 
[Reports](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger-lib-0.23.2/docs/Hledger-Reports.html)
from the Journal, or sometimes from a
[Ledger](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger-lib-0.23.2/docs/Hledger-Data-Types.html#t:Ledger),
which contains
[Accounts](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger-lib-0.23.2/docs/Hledger-Data-Types.html#t:Account)
representing the summed balances and other details of each account.

After surveying the packages, modules, and data types, try tracing the execution of a hledger command:

1. CLI stuff is in [hledger:Hledger.Cli](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/tree/master/hledger/Hledger/Cli).
2. [hledger:Hledger.Cli.Main:main](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/blob/master/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Main.hs#L179)
parses the command line to select a command, then
3. gives it to
[hledger:Hledger.Cli.Utils:withJournalDo](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/blob/master/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Utils.hs#L61),
which runs it after doing all the initial parsing.
4. Parsing code is under
[hledger-lib:Hledger.Read](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/tree/master/hledger-lib/Hledger/Read.hs),
eg the
[hledger-lib:Hledger.Read.JournalReader](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/tree/master/hledger-lib/Hledger/Read/JournalReader.hs).
5. Commands extract useful information from the parsed data model using
[hledger-lib:Hledger.Reports](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/tree/master/hledger-lib/Hledger/Reports),
and
6. render it to the console.
7. Everything uses the types and data
utilities under
[hledger-lib:Hledger.Data](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/tree/master/hledger-lib/Hledger/Data),
and the general helpers from
[hledger-lib:Hledger.Utils](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/blob/master/hledger-lib/Hledger/Utils.hs)
and below.

### hledger-web

hledger-web is in a third cabal package:

**[hledger-web](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger-web)** - web interface
([github](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/tree/master/hledger-web))

It is a single-executable web application using the
[yesod](http://yesodweb.com) framework.  It runs a built-in web server
serving some views of the journal file, reading it at startup and
again whenever it changes. It can also append new transactions to the journal file.
There are two main views, which can be filtered with [query arguments](manual#query-arguments):

- [/journal](http://demo.hledger.org/journal), showing general journal entries (like `hledger print`)

- [/register](http://demo.hledger.org/register?q=inacct:Assets:Bank:Checking),
  showing transactions affecting an account (slightly different from
  `hledger register`, which shows postings).

There is also:

- a sidebar (toggled by pressing `s`) showing the chart of accounts (like `hledger balance`)
- an [add form](http://demo.hledger.org/journal?add=1) for adding new transactions (press `a`)
- a help dialog showing quick help and keybindings (press `h` or click ?)

Most of the action is in

- [config/routes](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/tree/master/hledger-web/config/routes)
- [templates/default-layout-wrapper.hamlet](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/tree/master/hledger-web/templates/default-layout-wrapper.hamlet)
- [Foundation](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/tree/master/hledger-web/Foundation.hs)
- [Handler.*](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/tree/master/hledger-web/Handler)
- [static/hledger.js](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/tree/master/hledger-web/static/hledger.js)
- [static/hledger.css](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/tree/master/hledger-web/static/hledger.css)

Handler module and function names end with R, like the Yesod-generated route type they deal with.

Dynamically generated page content is mostly inline hamlet.
Lucius/Julius files and widgets generally are not used, except for the default layout.

The quickest way to test changes is `make ghciweb`, `:main --serve`, control-C, `:r`, repeat.
No linking is required, and changes to static files like hledger.js are visible after reloading a page.

Another way is `yesod devel`, which rebuilds automatically when files
change, including config files, templates and static files (but only in the hledger-web package).

A third way is `make autoweb`, if you can get it working (see the
makefile for instructions). This rebuilds automatically when haskell
files change in any of the hledger{-lib,,-web} packages.


---

## How to..

New contributors of all levels are most welcome.
Here are some tips to help you get productive on the hledger project.

### Suggest enhancements

Suggestions and feature requests (aka wishes) are easy to make, and can be valuable,
but we don't want them to pile up ad infinitum and obscure bugs and
other developer priorities. Before opening a github issue, consider:

1. Perhaps discussion is most appropriate at this stage ?
   [#hledger](irc://irc.freenode.net/#ledger) or the
   [mail list](http://list.hledger.org) are excellent places for this.
   Both are archived, so the idea won't be lost.
2. We have a collection of enhancement ideas on the
   [trello planning board](http://hledger.org/trello).
   Perhaps your idea is already there, or you can add it ?
3. We have bug reports and more wishes in the [bug tracker](http:///bugs.hledger.org).
   Is your idea already there ?

When a wish does land in the bug tracker, it gets the WISH label,
and the default view given by [bugs.hledger.org](http://bugs.hledger.org) excludes these.

### Report problems

- check for related issues in the [bug tracker](http:///bugs.hledger.org) or in the [mail list archive](http://list.hledger.org)
- discuss/confirm the issue on irc or list
- report new issues in the bug tracker
<!-- - test and share problem journal snippets at paste . hledger.org -->

### Help with testing

- review and test our documentation and web presence
- download and test the binaries on your platform
- test installing via cabal
- use the tools and test functionality, usability, browser compatibility, ui layout etc.
- check that `hledger test` reports no failures
- [run the developer tests](#how-to-run-the-tests)
- discuss/report problems via irc/mail list/bug tracker

### Help with bug tracking

- get to know the [bug tracker](http://bugs.hledger.org) and its contents
- research and update issues
- some convenient url shortcuts:\
  [`bugs.hledger.org`](http://bugs.hledger.org)\
  [`bugs.hledger.org/new`](http://bugs.hledger.org/new)\
  `bugs.hledger.org/N`

### Set up for development

1. get an up-to-date [ghc](http://haskell.org/ghc), at least 7.0 and preferably 7.6
2. there's probably no need to install the [haskell platform](http://haskell.org/platform) now, but you could
3. it's probably worth getting the latest and best cabal: `cabal update; cabal install cabal-install`
4. ensure you have [git](http://git-scm.com) installed
5. the hledger Makefile assumes GNU Make, so on some platforms you may need to spell "make" as "gmake"
6. get the hledger repo:

        git clone git@github.com:simonmichael/hledger.git
        cd hledger

7. install packages required to build hledger and add-ons, or as many of them as possible:

        cabal update
        make install

    This will also try to cabal install development builds of the hledger
    executables, so ghc-pkg unregister those afterwards if you don't want
    that.

8. try building with make:

        make bin/hledgerdev

    This is usually quicker and simpler than fiddling with multiple cabal packages during development.
    Note this executable will not be as optimised as the normal cabal build, and has the "dev" suffix
    as a reminder of this.

<!-- 9. try auto-building with sp: -->

<!--         make auto   # or autoweb -->

<!--     You'll need to follow the instructions to install `sp`. -->
<!--     This is how I do most hledger development. It will recompile whenever you save changes to source files. -->

### Get your changes accepted

Follow the usual github workflow:

- fork the main hledger repo on github,
- git clone it to your local machine,
- git commit, after (?) pulling and merging the latest upstream changes
- git push back to github,
- open a pull request on github,
- follow up on any discussion there.

If you're new to this process, [help.github.com](http://help.github.com) may be useful.

### Improve the documentation

- get familiar with the website and documentation online, review and test
- get familiar with the site/doc source files (see Makefile)
- set up for hledger development
- send patches with names prefixed with "doc: " (or "site: ")

### Run the tests

- set up for hledger development
- cabal install shelltestrunner
- make test

### Add a test

- identify what to test
- choose the test type: unit ? functional ? benchmark ?
- currently expected to pass or fail ?
- figure out where it goes
- write test, verify expected result
- get it committed

### Fix a bug or add a feature

- research, discuss, validate the issue/feature on irc/list/bug tracker
- look for related tests, run the tests and check they are passing
- add a test ?
- develop a patch
- include any related issue numbers in the patch name, eg: "fix for blah blah (#NNN)"
- get it committed

### Become a contributor

- after getting one or more patches committed, read and sign the [contributor list & agreement](contributors.html)
- or, [ask](#how-to-get-help) to be added

### Do code review

- review and discuss new pull requests and commits on github
- set up for development and test the latest changes in your own repo
- read the existing [code docs and source](#quick-links)
- send feedback or discuss via irc or list

### Help with packaging

- package hledger for linux distros, macports, etc.
- develop mac/windows installers
- find and assist distro packagers/installer developers

### Help with project management

- clarify/update goals and principles
- monitor, report on project progress and performance
- research, compare and report on successful projects, related projects
- identify collaboration opportunities
- marketing, communication, outreach
- release management, roadmap planning

