diff --git a/tests/csv.test b/tests/csv.test
index 1de51cd43..4bdec2160 100644
--- a/tests/csv.test
+++ b/tests/csv.test
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 # 1. read CSV to hledger journal format
 $  printf 'fields date, description, amount\ndate-format %%d/%%Y/%%m\ncurrency $\naccount1 assets:myacct\n' >t.$$.csv.rules; printf '10/2009/09,Flubber Co,50\n' | hledger -f csv:- --rules-file t.$$.csv.rules print && rm -rf t.$$.csv.rules
 2009/09/10 Flubber Co
-    assets:myacct              $50
-    income:unknown            $-50
+    assets:myacct               $50
+    expense:unknown
 
 >=0
 
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ $  printf 'fields date, description, amount\ndate-format %%d/%%Y/%%m\ncurrency $
 $  printf 'account1 Assets:MyAccount\ndate %%1\ndate-format %%d/%%Y/%%m\ndescription %%2\namount-in %%3\namount-out %%4\ncurrency $\n' >t.$$.csv.rules ; hledger -f csv:- --rules-file t.$$.csv.rules print && rm -rf t.$$.csv.rules
 2009/09/10 Flubber Co🎅
     Assets:MyAccount             $50
-    income:unknown              $-50
+    expense:unknown
 
 2009/09/11 Flubber Co🎅
     Assets:MyAccount            $-50
-    expenses:unknown             $50
+    income:unknown
 
 >=0
 
@@ -31,39 +31,39 @@ $  printf 'account1 Assets:MyAccount\ndate %%1\ndate-format %%d/%%Y/%%m\ndescrip
 $  printf 'fields date, description, amount\ndate-format %%d/%%Y/%%m\ncurrency $\naccount1 assets:myacct\nif Flubber\n  account2 acct\n  comment cmt' >t.$$.csv.rules; printf '10/2009/09,Flubber Co,50\n' | hledger -f csv:- --rules-file t.$$.csv.rules print && rm -rf t.$$.csv.rules
 2009/09/10 Flubber Co  ; cmt
     assets:myacct             $50
-    acct                     $-50
+    acct
 
 >=0
 
 # 4. read CSV with balance field
 $  printf 'fields date, description, amount, balance\ndate-format %%d/%%Y/%%m\ncurrency $\naccount1 assets:myacct\n' >t.$$.csv.rules; printf '10/2009/09,Flubber Co,50,123\n' | hledger -f csv:- --rules-file t.$$.csv.rules print && rm -rf t.$$.csv.rules
 2009/09/10 Flubber Co
-    assets:myacct              $50 = $123
-    income:unknown            $-50
+    assets:myacct               $50 = $123
+    expense:unknown
 
 >=0
 
 # 5. read CSV with empty balance field
 $  printf 'fields date, description, amount, balance\ndate-format %%d/%%Y/%%m\ncurrency $\naccount1 assets:myacct\n' >t.$$.csv.rules; printf '10/2009/09,Flubber Co,50,123\n11/2009/09,Blubber Co,60,\n' | hledger -f csv:- --rules-file t.$$.csv.rules print && rm -rf t.$$.csv.rules
 2009/09/10 Flubber Co
-    assets:myacct              $50 = $123
-    income:unknown            $-50
+    assets:myacct               $50 = $123
+    expense:unknown
 
 2009/09/11 Blubber Co
-    assets:myacct              $60
-    income:unknown            $-60
+    assets:myacct               $60
+    expense:unknown
 
 >=0
 
 # 6. read CSV with only whitespace in balance field
 $  printf 'fields date, description, amount, balance\ndate-format %%d/%%Y/%%m\ncurrency $\naccount1 assets:myacct\n' >t.$$.csv.rules; printf '10/2009/09,Flubber Co,50,123\n11/2009/09,Blubber Co,60,   \n' | hledger -f csv:- --rules-file t.$$.csv.rules print && rm -rf t.$$.csv.rules
 2009/09/10 Flubber Co
-    assets:myacct              $50 = $123
-    income:unknown            $-50
+    assets:myacct               $50 = $123
+    expense:unknown
 
 2009/09/11 Blubber Co
-    assets:myacct              $60
-    income:unknown            $-60
+    assets:myacct               $60
+    expense:unknown
 
 >=0
 
@@ -71,11 +71,11 @@ $  printf 'fields date, description, amount, balance\ndate-format %%d/%%Y/%%m\nc
 $  printf 'skip 1\n\ncurrency $\n\nfields date, payee, payment\n\namount -%%payment\naccount1 liabilities:bank\naccount2 expense:other' >t.$$.csv.rules; printf 'date,payee,amount\n2009/10/9,Flubber Co,50\n2009/11/09,Merchant Credit,-60\n' | hledger -f csv:- --rules-file t.$$.csv.rules print && rm -rf t.$$.csv.rules
 2009/10/09
     liabilities:bank            $-50
-    expense:other                $50
+    expense:other
 
 2009/11/09
     liabilities:bank             $60
-    expense:other               $-60
+    expense:other
 
 >=0
 
@@ -86,27 +86,27 @@ $  printf 'skip 1\n\ncurrency $\n\nfields date, payee, payment\n\namount -%%paym
 $  printf 'account1 Assets:MyAccount\ndate %%1\ndate-format %%d/%%Y/%%m\ndescription %%2\namount-in %%3\namount-out %%4\ncurrency $\n' >rules.$$ ; hledger --separator ';' -f csv:- --rules-file rules.$$ print && rm -rf rules.$$
 2009/09/10 Flubber Co🎅
     Assets:MyAccount             $50
-    income:unknown              $-50
+    expense:unknown
 
 2009/09/11 Flubber Co🎅
     Assets:MyAccount            $-50
-    expenses:unknown             $50
+    income:unknown
 
 >=0
 
 # 9. read CSV with balance2 field
 $  printf 'fields date, description, amount, balance2\ndate-format %%d/%%Y/%%m\ncurrency $\naccount1 assets:myacct\n' >t.$$.csv.rules; printf '10/2009/09,Flubber Co,50,123\n' | hledger -f csv:- --rules-file t.$$.csv.rules print && rm -rf t.$$.csv.rules
 2009/09/10 Flubber Co
-    assets:myacct              $50
-    income:unknown            $-50 = $123
+    assets:myacct               $50
+    expense:unknown     = $123
 
 >=0
 
 # 10. read CSV with balance1 and balance2 fields
 $  printf 'fields date, description, amount, balance1, balance2\ndate-format %%d/%%Y/%%m\ncurrency $\naccount1 assets:myacct\n' >t.$$.csv.rules; printf '10/2009/09,Flubber Co,50,321,123\n' | hledger -f csv:- --rules-file t.$$.csv.rules print && rm -rf t.$$.csv.rules
 2009/09/10 Flubber Co
-    assets:myacct              $50 = $321
-    income:unknown            $-50 = $123
+    assets:myacct               $50 = $321
+    expense:unknown     = $123
 
 >=0