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;doc: cli: more mention of posting order effect on inferring cost (#1959)

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Simon Michael 2022-12-13 05:37:44 -10:00
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hledger/hledger.m4.md
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@ -1387,10 +1387,8 @@ First, a quick glossary:
- Cost - how much of one commodity was paid to acquire the other. And
more generally, in hledger docs: the amount exchanged in the
"secondary" commodity (usually your base currency), whether in a
purchase or a sale, and whether expressed per unit or in total. Or,
the @/@@ notation used to represent this.
- Transaction price - another name for the cost expressed with hledger's cost notation.
purchase or a sale, and whether expressed per unit or in total. Also,
the "@/@@ PRICE" notation used to represent this.
## -B: Convert to cost
@ -1485,12 +1483,10 @@ The conversion account names can be changed with the
[conversion account type declaration](#account-types).
--infer-equity is useful when when transactions have been recorded
using PTA cost notation, to help preserve the accounting equation
using cost notation, to help preserve the accounting equation
and balance reports' zero total, or to produce more conventional
journal entries for sharing with non-PTA-users.
*Experimental*
## Inferring cost from equity postings
The reverse operation is possible using `--infer-costs`, which
@ -1529,43 +1525,24 @@ $ hledger print --infer-costs -B
Notes:
Postings will be recognised as equity conversion postings if they are
1. to account(s) declared with type `V` (`Conversion`; or if no such
accounts are declared, accounts named `equity:conversion`,
`equity:trade`, `equity:trading`, or subaccounts of these)
2. adjacent
3. and exactly matching the amounts of two non-conversion postings.
For `--infer-costs` to work, currently there must be
The total cost is appended to the first matching posting in the transaction.
If you need to assign it to a different posting, or if you have
several different sets of conversion postings in one transaction, you
may need to write the costs explicitly yourself. Eg:
1. a pair of equity postings, next to one another
2. they must be to account(s) declared with type `V`/`Conversion`;
or if no such accounts are declared, accounts named
`equity:conversion`, `equity:trade`, `equity:trading` or subaccounts of these
3. they must exactly match the amounts of two non-conversion postings.
```journal
2022-01-01
assets:dollars $-135
equity:conversion €-100
equity:conversion $135
assets:euros €100 @@ $135
```
When inferring cost, the order of postings matters:
the cost is added to the first of the non-equity postings involved in the exchange,
in the commodity of the last non-equity posting involved in the exchange.
or:
If you don't want to write your postings in the required order,
the alternative is not to infer cost; instead, use explicit cost notation,
omitting the equity postings, inferring them later with --infer-equity if needed.
```journal
2022-01-01
assets:dollars $-235
assets:euros €100 @ $1.35 ; 100 euros bought for $1.35 each
equity:conversion €-100
equity:conversion $135
assets:pounds £80 @@ $100 ; 80 pounds bought for $100 total
equity:conversion £-80
equity:conversion $100
```
--infer-equity and --infer-costs can be used together, eg if you have
a mixture of both notations.
*Experimental*
--infer-equity and --infer-costs can be used together, if you have a
mixture of both notations in your journal.
## When to infer cost/equity
@ -2630,7 +2607,6 @@ Amounts are stored internally as decimal numbers with up to 255 decimal places,
and displayed with the number of decimal places specified by the commodity display style.
Note, hledger uses [banker's rounding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankers_rounding):
it rounds to the nearest even number, eg 0.5 displayed with zero decimal places is "0").
(Guaranteed since hledger 1.17.1; in older versions this could vary if hledger was built with Decimal < 0.5.1.)
## Costs
@ -2644,7 +2620,10 @@ that term was directionally neutral and reminded that it is a price specific to
but we now just call it "cost", with the understanding that the transaction could be a purchase or a sale.)
Costs are usually written explicitly with `@` or `@@`, but can also be
inferred automatically for simple multi-commodity transactions.
inferred automatically for simple multi-commodity transactions.
Note, if costs are inferred, the order of postings is significant;
the first posting will have a cost attached, in the commodity of the second.
As an example, here are several ways to record purchases of a foreign
currency in hledger, using the cost notation either explicitly or
implicitly:
@ -2666,7 +2645,9 @@ implicitly:
```
3. Specify amounts for all postings, using exactly two commodities,
and let hledger infer the price that balances the transaction:
and let hledger infer the price that balances the transaction.
Note the effect of posting order: the price is added to first posting,
making it `€100 @@ $135`, as in example 2:
```journal
2009/1/1
@ -2675,9 +2656,9 @@ implicitly:
```
Amounts can be converted to cost at report time using the [`-B/--cost`](#reporting-options) flag;
this is discussed more in the [COST](#cost) section.
this is discussed more in the ˜[COST](#cost) section.
### Other cost/lot notations
### Other cost/lot notations˜
A slight digression for Ledger users. Ledger has a number of cost/lot-related notations: