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;doc: journal: redundant costs

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Simon Michael 2023-01-24 22:38:28 -10:00
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hledger/hledger.m4.md
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@ -5022,13 +5022,15 @@ reporting more difficult for PTA tools.
Happily, current hledger can read either notation, or convert one to Happily, current hledger can read either notation, or convert one to
the other when needed, so you can use the one you prefer. the other when needed, so you can use the one you prefer.
You can even use cost notation and equivalent conversion postings at the same time, for clarity.
hledger will ignore the redundancy.
But be sure the cost and conversion posting amounts match, or you'll see
a not-so-clear transaction balancing error message.
## Inferring equity postings from cost ## Inferring equity postings from cost
With `--infer-equity`, hledger detects transactions written with PTA cost notation With `--infer-equity`, hledger detects transactions written with PTA cost notation
and adds equity conversion postings to them and adds equity conversion postings to them:
(and temporarily permits the coexistence of equity conversion postings and
cost notation, which normally would cause an unbalanced transaction error).
Eg:
```journal ```journal
2022-01-01 2022-01-01
@ -5056,10 +5058,7 @@ journal entries for sharing with non-PTA-users.
The reverse operation is possible using `--infer-costs`, which The reverse operation is possible using `--infer-costs`, which
detects transactions written with equity conversion postings detects transactions written with equity conversion postings
and adds PTA cost notation to them and adds cost notation to them:
(and temporarily permits the coexistence of equity conversion postings
and cost notation).
Eg:
```journal ```journal
2022-01-01 2022-01-01
@ -5097,17 +5096,15 @@ For `--infer-costs` to work, an exchange must consist of four postings:
2. the equity accounts must be declared, with account type `V`/`Conversion` 2. the equity accounts must be declared, with account type `V`/`Conversion`
(or if they are not declared, they must be named (or if they are not declared, they must be named
`equity:conversion`, `equity:trade`, `equity:trading` or subaccounts of these) `equity:conversion`, `equity:trade`, `equity:trading` or subaccounts of these)
3. the equity postings' amounts must exactly match the non-equity postings' amounts 3. the equity postings' amounts must exactly match the non-equity postings' amounts.
4. all of the amounts must be explicit, with none missing
Multiple such exchanges can coexist within a single transaction, should you need that. Multiple such exchanges can coexist within a single transaction.
When inferring cost, the order of postings matters: When inferring cost, the order of postings matters:
the cost is added to the first of the non-equity postings involved in the exchange, the cost is added to the first of the non-equity postings involved in the exchange,
in the commodity of the last non-equity posting involved in the exchange. in the commodity of the last non-equity posting involved in the exchange.
If you don't want to write your postings in the required order, If you don't want to write your postings in the required order,
the alternative is not to infer cost; instead, use explicit cost notation, you can use explicit cost notation instead.
omitting the equity postings, inferring them later with --infer-equity if needed.
--infer-equity and --infer-costs can be used together, if you have a --infer-equity and --infer-costs can be used together, if you have a
mixture of both notations in your journal. mixture of both notations in your journal.
@ -5214,8 +5211,6 @@ Con:
### Conversion with equity postings and explicit cost ### Conversion with equity postings and explicit cost
Here both equity postings and @ notation are used together. Here both equity postings and @ notation are used together.
hledger will usually complain about this redundancy, but when using
the --infer-costs flag it is accepted.
```journal ```journal
2021-01-01 2021-01-01
@ -5235,17 +5230,16 @@ Pro:
Con: Con:
- Most verbose - Most verbose
- Requires the --infer-costs flag
- Not compatible with ledger - Not compatible with ledger
## Cost tips ## Cost tips
- Recording the conversion rate explicitly is good because it makes that clear and helps detect errors. - Recording the cost/conversion rate explicitly is good because it makes that clear and helps detect errors.
- Recording equity postings is good because it is correct bookkeeping and preserves the accounting equation. - Recording equity postings is good because it is correct bookkeeping and preserves the accounting equation.
- Combining these is possible by using the --infer-costs flag (which requires well-ordered postings). - Combining these is possible.
- When you want to see the cost (or sale proceeds) of things, use `-B` (or `--cost`). - When you want to see the cost (or sale proceeds) of things, use `-B` (short form of `--cost`).
If you use equity conversion postings notation, use `-B --infer-costs`. - If you use conversion postings without cost notation, add `--infer-costs` also.
- If you use PTA cost notation, and you want to see a balanced balance sheet or print correct journal entries, use `--infer-equity`. - If you use cost notation without conversion postings, and you want to see a balanced balance sheet or print correct journal entries, use `--infer-equity`.
- Conversion to cost is performed before valuation (described next). - Conversion to cost is performed before valuation (described next).
# Valuation # Valuation