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2
hledger-lib/.date.m4
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@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
m4_dnl Date to show in man pages. Updated by "Shake manuals"
m4_define({{_monthyear_}}, {{August 2021}})m4_dnl
m4_define({{_monthyear_}}, {{September 2021}})m4_dnl

2
hledger-ui/.date.m4
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@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
m4_dnl Date to show in man pages. Updated by "Shake manuals"
m4_define({{_monthyear_}}, {{August 2021}})m4_dnl
m4_define({{_monthyear_}}, {{September 2021}})m4_dnl

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hledger-ui/hledger-ui.1
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
.TH "HLEDGER-UI" "1" "August 2021" "hledger-ui-1.22.99 " "hledger User Manuals"
.TH "HLEDGER-UI" "1" "September 2021" "hledger-ui-1.22.99 " "hledger User Manuals"

373
hledger-ui/hledger-ui.info
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@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
This is hledger-ui.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from stdin.
This is hledger-ui/hledger-ui.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.8
from stdin.
INFO-DIR-SECTION User Applications
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
@ -6,7 +7,7 @@ START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY

File: hledger-ui.info, Node: Top, Next: OPTIONS, Up: (dir)
File: hledger-ui.info, Node: Top, Up: (dir)
hledger-ui(1)
*************
@ -14,8 +15,8 @@ hledger-ui(1)
hledger-ui is a terminal interface (TUI) for the hledger accounting
tool. This manual is for hledger-ui 1.22.99.
'hledger-ui [OPTIONS] [QUERYARGS]'
'hledger ui -- [OPTIONS] [QUERYARGS]'
`hledger-ui [OPTIONS] [QUERYARGS]'
`hledger ui -- [OPTIONS] [QUERYARGS]'
hledger is a reliable, cross-platform set of programs for tracking
money, time, or any other commodity, using double-entry accounting and a
@ -29,9 +30,9 @@ interface, and sometimes quicker and more convenient than the web
interface.
Like hledger, it reads data from one or more files in hledger
journal, timeclock, timedot, or CSV format specified with '-f', or
'$LEDGER_FILE', or '$HOME/.hledger.journal' (on windows, perhaps
'C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal'). For more about this see hledger(1),
journal, timeclock, timedot, or CSV format specified with `-f', or
`$LEDGER_FILE', or `$HOME/.hledger.journal' (on windows, perhaps
`C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal'). For more about this see hledger(1),
hledger_journal(5) etc.
Unlike hledger, hledger-ui hides all future-dated transactions by
@ -55,142 +56,139 @@ File: hledger-ui.info, Node: OPTIONS, Next: KEYS, Prev: Top, Up: Top
1 OPTIONS
*********
Note: if invoking hledger-ui as a hledger subcommand, write '--' before
Note: if invoking hledger-ui as a hledger subcommand, write `--' before
options as shown above.
Any QUERYARGS are interpreted as a hledger search query which filters
the data.
'--watch'
`--watch'
watch for data and date changes and reload automatically
'--theme=default|terminal|greenterm'
`--theme=default|terminal|greenterm'
use this custom display theme
'--register=ACCTREGEX'
`--register=ACCTREGEX'
start in the (first) matched account's register screen
'--change'
`--change'
show period balances (changes) at startup instead of historical
balances
'-l --flat'
`-l --flat'
show accounts as a flat list (default)
'-t --tree'
`-t --tree'
show accounts as a tree
hledger input options:
'-f FILE --file=FILE'
`-f FILE --file=FILE'
use a different input file. For stdin, use - (default:
'$LEDGER_FILE' or '$HOME/.hledger.journal')
'--rules-file=RULESFILE'
`$LEDGER_FILE' or `$HOME/.hledger.journal')
`--rules-file=RULESFILE'
Conversion rules file to use when reading CSV (default: FILE.rules)
'--separator=CHAR'
`--separator=CHAR'
Field separator to expect when reading CSV (default: ',')
'--alias=OLD=NEW'
`--alias=OLD=NEW'
rename accounts named OLD to NEW
'--anon'
`--anon'
anonymize accounts and payees
'--pivot FIELDNAME'
`--pivot FIELDNAME'
use some other field or tag for the account name
'-I --ignore-assertions'
`-I --ignore-assertions'
disable balance assertion checks (note: does not disable balance
assignments)
'-s --strict'
`-s --strict'
do extra error checking (check that all posted accounts are
declared)
hledger reporting options:
'-b --begin=DATE'
`-b --begin=DATE'
include postings/txns on or after this date (will be adjusted to
preceding subperiod start when using a report interval)
'-e --end=DATE'
`-e --end=DATE'
include postings/txns before this date (will be adjusted to
following subperiod end when using a report interval)
'-D --daily'
`-D --daily'
multiperiod/multicolumn report by day
'-W --weekly'
`-W --weekly'
multiperiod/multicolumn report by week
'-M --monthly'
`-M --monthly'
multiperiod/multicolumn report by month
'-Q --quarterly'
`-Q --quarterly'
multiperiod/multicolumn report by quarter
'-Y --yearly'
`-Y --yearly'
multiperiod/multicolumn report by year
'-p --period=PERIODEXP'
`-p --period=PERIODEXP'
set start date, end date, and/or reporting interval all at once
using period expressions syntax
'--date2'
`--date2'
match the secondary date instead (see command help for other
effects)
'-U --unmarked'
`-U --unmarked'
include only unmarked postings/txns (can combine with -P or -C)
'-P --pending'
`-P --pending'
include only pending postings/txns
'-C --cleared'
`-C --cleared'
include only cleared postings/txns
'-R --real'
`-R --real'
include only non-virtual postings
'-NUM --depth=NUM'
`-NUM --depth=NUM'
hide/aggregate accounts or postings more than NUM levels deep
'-E --empty'
`-E --empty'
show items with zero amount, normally hidden (and vice-versa in
hledger-ui/hledger-web)
'-B --cost'
`-B --cost'
convert amounts to their cost/selling amount at transaction time
'-V --market'
`-V --market'
convert amounts to their market value in default valuation
commodities
'-X --exchange=COMM'
`-X --exchange=COMM'
convert amounts to their market value in commodity COMM
'--value'
`--value'
convert amounts to cost or market value, more flexibly than
-B/-V/-X
'--infer-market-prices'
`--infer-market-prices'
use transaction prices (recorded with @ or @@) as additional market
prices, as if they were P directives
'--auto'
`--auto'
apply automated posting rules to modify transactions.
'--forecast'
`--forecast'
generate future transactions from periodic transaction rules, for
the next 6 months or till report end date. In hledger-ui, also
make ordinary future transactions visible.
'--color=WHEN (or --colour=WHEN)'
`--color=WHEN (or --colour=WHEN)'
Should color-supporting commands use ANSI color codes in text
output. 'auto' (default): whenever stdout seems to be a
color-supporting terminal. 'always' or 'yes': always, useful eg
@ -204,25 +202,24 @@ the last one takes precedence.
hledger help options:
'-h --help'
`-h --help'
show general or COMMAND help
'--man'
`--man'
show general or COMMAND user manual with man
'--info'
`--info'
show general or COMMAND user manual with info
'--version'
`--version'
show general or ADDONCMD version
'--debug[=N]'
`--debug[=N]'
show debug output (levels 1-9, default: 1)
A @FILE argument will be expanded to the contents of FILE, which
should contain one command line option/argument per line. (To prevent
this, insert a '--' argument before.)
this, insert a `--' argument before.)

File: hledger-ui.info, Node: KEYS, Next: SCREENS, Prev: OPTIONS, Up: Top
@ -230,15 +227,15 @@ File: hledger-ui.info, Node: KEYS, Next: SCREENS, Prev: OPTIONS, Up: Top
2 KEYS
******
'?' shows a help dialog listing all keys. (Some of these also appear in
the quick help at the bottom of each screen.) Press '?' again (or
'ESCAPE', or 'LEFT', or 'q') to close it. The following keys work on
`?' shows a help dialog listing all keys. (Some of these also appear in
the quick help at the bottom of each screen.) Press `?' again (or
`ESCAPE', or `LEFT', or `q') to close it. The following keys work on
most screens:
The cursor keys navigate: 'right' (or 'enter') goes deeper, 'left'
returns to the previous screen, 'up'/'down'/'page up'/'page
down'/'home'/'end' move up and down through lists. Emacs-style
('ctrl-p'/'ctrl-n'/'ctrl-f'/'ctrl-b') movement keys are also supported
The cursor keys navigate: `right' (or `enter') goes deeper, `left'
returns to the previous screen, `up'/`down'/`page up'/`page
down'/`home'/`end' move up and down through lists. Emacs-style
(`ctrl-p'/`ctrl-n'/`ctrl-f'/`ctrl-b') movement keys are also supported
(but not vi-style keys, since hledger-1.19, sorry!). A tip: movement
speed is limited by your keyboard repeat rate, to move faster you may
want to adjust it. (If you're on a mac, the karabiner app is one way to
@ -246,73 +243,73 @@ do that.)
With shift pressed, the cursor keys adjust the report period,
limiting the transactions to be shown (by default, all are shown).
'shift-down/up' steps downward and upward through these standard report
`shift-down/up' steps downward and upward through these standard report
period durations: year, quarter, month, week, day. Then,
'shift-left/right' moves to the previous/next period. 'T' sets the
report period to today. With the '--watch' option, when viewing a
`shift-left/right' moves to the previous/next period. `T' sets the
report period to today. With the `--watch' option, when viewing a
"current" period (the current day, week, month, quarter, or year), the
period will move automatically to track the current date. To set a
non-standard period, you can use '/' and a 'date:' query.
non-standard period, you can use `/' and a `date:' query.
'/' lets you set a general filter query limiting the data shown,
`/' lets you set a general filter query limiting the data shown,
using the same query terms as in hledger and hledger-web. While editing
the query, you can use CTRL-a/e/d/k, BS, cursor keys; press 'ENTER' to
set it, or 'ESCAPE'to cancel. There are also keys for quickly adjusting
the query, you can use CTRL-a/e/d/k, BS, cursor keys; press `ENTER' to
set it, or `ESCAPE'to cancel. There are also keys for quickly adjusting
some common filters like account depth and transaction status (see
below). 'BACKSPACE' or 'DELETE' removes all filters, showing all
below). `BACKSPACE' or `DELETE' removes all filters, showing all
transactions.
As mentioned above, by default hledger-ui hides future transactions -
both ordinary transactions recorded in the journal, and periodic
transactions generated by rule. 'F' toggles forecast mode, in which
transactions generated by rule. `F' toggles forecast mode, in which
future/forecasted transactions are shown.
'ESCAPE' resets the UI state and jumps back to the top screen,
`ESCAPE' resets the UI state and jumps back to the top screen,
restoring the app's initial state at startup. Or, it cancels minibuffer
data entry or the help dialog.
'CTRL-l' redraws the screen and centers the selection if possible
`CTRL-l' redraws the screen and centers the selection if possible
(selections near the top won't be centered, since we don't scroll above
the top).
'g' reloads from the data file(s) and updates the current screen and
`g' reloads from the data file(s) and updates the current screen and
any previous screens. (With large files, this could cause a noticeable
pause.)
'I' toggles balance assertion checking. Disabling balance assertions
`I' toggles balance assertion checking. Disabling balance assertions
temporarily can be useful for troubleshooting.
'a' runs command-line hledger's add command, and reloads the updated
`a' runs command-line hledger's add command, and reloads the updated
file. This allows some basic data entry.
'A' is like 'a', but runs the hledger-iadd tool, which provides a
terminal interface. This key will be available if 'hledger-iadd' is
`A' is like `a', but runs the hledger-iadd tool, which provides a
terminal interface. This key will be available if `hledger-iadd' is
installed in $path.
'E' runs $HLEDGER_UI_EDITOR, or $EDITOR, or a default ('emacsclient
`E' runs $HLEDGER_UI_EDITOR, or $EDITOR, or a default (`emacsclient
-a "" -nw') on the journal file. With some editors (emacs, vi), the
cursor will be positioned at the current transaction when invoked from
the register and transaction screens, and at the error location (if
possible) when invoked from the error screen.
'B' toggles cost mode, showing amounts in their transaction price's
commodity (like toggling the '-B/--cost' flag).
`B' toggles cost mode, showing amounts in their transaction price's
commodity (like toggling the `-B/--cost' flag).
'V' toggles value mode, showing amounts' current market value in
their default valuation commodity (like toggling the '-V/--market'
`V' toggles value mode, showing amounts' current market value in
their default valuation commodity (like toggling the `-V/--market'
flag). Note, "current market value" means the value on the report end
date if specified, otherwise today. To see the value on another date,
you can temporarily set that as the report end date. Eg: to see a
transaction as it was valued on july 30, go to the accounts or register
screen, press '/', and add 'date:-7/30' to the query.
screen, press `/', and add `date:-7/30' to the query.
At most one of cost or value mode can be active at once.
There's not yet any visual reminder when cost or value mode is
active; for now pressing 'b' 'b' 'v' should reliably reset to normal
active; for now pressing `b' `b' `v' should reliably reset to normal
mode.
'q' quits the application.
`q' quits the application.
Additional screen-specific keys are described below.
@ -335,48 +332,47 @@ File: hledger-ui.info, Node: Accounts screen, Next: Register screen, Up: SCRE
3.1 Accounts screen
===================
This is normally the first screen displayed. It lists accounts and
their balances, like hledger's balance command. By default, it shows
all accounts and their latest ending balances (including the balances of
This is normally the first screen displayed. It lists accounts and their
balances, like hledger's balance command. By default, it shows all
accounts and their latest ending balances (including the balances of
subaccounts). If you specify a query on the command line, it shows just
the matched accounts and the balances from matched transactions.
Account names are shown as a flat list by default; press 't' to
Account names are shown as a flat list by default; press `t' to
toggle tree mode. In list mode, account balances are exclusive of
subaccounts, except where subaccounts are hidden by a depth limit (see
below). In tree mode, all account balances are inclusive of
subaccounts.
below). In tree mode, all account balances are inclusive of subaccounts.
To see less detail, press a number key, '1' to '9', to set a depth
limit. Or use '-' to decrease and '+'/'=' to increase the depth limit.
'0' shows even less detail, collapsing all accounts to a single total.
To remove the depth limit, set it higher than the maximum account depth,
or press 'ESCAPE'.
To see less detail, press a number key, `1' to `9', to set a depth
limit. Or use `-' to decrease and `+'/`=' to increase the depth limit.
`0' shows even less detail, collapsing all accounts to a single total.
To remove the depth limit, set it higher than the maximum account
depth, or press `ESCAPE'.
'H' toggles between showing historical balances or period balances.
`H' toggles between showing historical balances or period balances.
Historical balances (the default) are ending balances at the end of the
report period, taking into account all transactions before that date
(filtered by the filter query if any), including transactions before the
start of the report period. In other words, historical balances are
what you would see on a bank statement for that account (unless
disturbed by a filter query). Period balances ignore transactions
before the report start date, so they show the change in balance during
the report period. They are more useful eg when viewing a time log.
start of the report period. In other words, historical balances are what
you would see on a bank statement for that account (unless disturbed by
a filter query). Period balances ignore transactions before the report
start date, so they show the change in balance during the report period.
They are more useful eg when viewing a time log.
'U' toggles filtering by unmarked status, including or excluding
unmarked postings in the balances. Similarly, 'P' toggles pending
postings, and 'C' toggles cleared postings. (By default, balances
`U' toggles filtering by unmarked status, including or excluding
unmarked postings in the balances. Similarly, `P' toggles pending
postings, and `C' toggles cleared postings. (By default, balances
include all postings; if you activate one or two status filters, only
those postings are included; and if you activate all three, the filter
is removed.)
'R' toggles real mode, in which virtual postings are ignored.
`R' toggles real mode, in which virtual postings are ignored.
'Z' toggles nonzero mode, in which only accounts with nonzero
`Z' toggles nonzero mode, in which only accounts with nonzero
balances are shown (hledger-ui shows zero items by default, unlike
command-line hledger).
Press 'right' or 'enter' to view an account's transactions register.
Press `right' or `enter' to view an account's transactions register.

File: hledger-ui.info, Node: Register screen, Next: Transaction screen, Prev: Accounts screen, Up: SCREENS
@ -388,41 +384,43 @@ This screen shows the transactions affecting a particular account, like
a check register. Each line represents one transaction and shows:
* the other account(s) involved, in abbreviated form. (If there are
both real and virtual postings, it shows only the accounts affected
by real postings.)
both real and virtual postings, it shows only the accounts
affected by real postings.)
* the overall change to the current account's balance; positive for
an inflow to this account, negative for an outflow.
* the running historical total or period total for the current
account, after the transaction. This can be toggled with 'H'.
Similar to the accounts screen, the historical total is affected by
transactions (filtered by the filter query) before the report start
date, while the period total is not. If the historical total is
not disturbed by a filter query, it will be the running historical
balance you would see on a bank register for the current account.
account, after the transaction. This can be toggled with `H'.
Similar to the accounts screen, the historical total is affected
by transactions (filtered by the filter query) before the report
start date, while the period total is not. If the historical total
is not disturbed by a filter query, it will be the running
historical balance you would see on a bank register for the
current account.
Transactions affecting this account's subaccounts will be included in
the register if the accounts screen is in tree mode, or if it's in list
mode but this account has subaccounts which are not shown due to a depth
limit. In other words, the register always shows the transactions
contributing to the balance shown on the accounts screen. Tree
mode/list mode can be toggled with 't' here also.
contributing to the balance shown on the accounts screen. Tree mode/list
mode can be toggled with `t' here also.
'U' toggles filtering by unmarked status, showing or hiding unmarked
transactions. Similarly, 'P' toggles pending transactions, and 'C'
`U' toggles filtering by unmarked status, showing or hiding unmarked
transactions. Similarly, `P' toggles pending transactions, and `C'
toggles cleared transactions. (By default, transactions with all
statuses are shown; if you activate one or two status filters, only
those transactions are shown; and if you activate all three, the filter
is removed.)
'R' toggles real mode, in which virtual postings are ignored.
`R' toggles real mode, in which virtual postings are ignored.
'Z' toggles nonzero mode, in which only transactions posting a
`Z' toggles nonzero mode, in which only transactions posting a
nonzero change are shown (hledger-ui shows zero items by default, unlike
command-line hledger).
Press 'right' (or 'enter') to view the selected transaction in
Press `right' (or `enter') to view the selected transaction in
detail.

@ -440,7 +438,7 @@ description, comments, along with all of its account postings are shown.
Simple transactions have two postings, but there can be more (or in
certain cases, fewer).
'up' and 'down' will step through all transactions listed in the
`up' and `down' will step through all transactions listed in the
previous account register screen. In the title bar, the numbers in
parentheses show your position within that account register. They will
vary depending on which account register you came from (remember most
@ -477,15 +475,16 @@ File: hledger-ui.info, Node: Watch mode, Next: Watch mode limitations, Up: TI
4.1 Watch mode
==============
One of hledger-ui's best features is the auto-reloading '--watch' mode.
One of hledger-ui's best features is the auto-reloading `--watch' mode.
With this flag, it will update the display automatically whenever
changes are saved to the data files.
This is very useful when reconciling. A good workflow is to have
your bank's online register open in a browser window, for reference; the
This is very useful when reconciling. A good workflow is to have your
bank's online register open in a browser window, for reference; the
journal file open in an editor window; and hledger-ui in watch mode in a
terminal window, eg:
$ hledger-ui --watch --register checking -C
As you mark things cleared in the editor, you can see the effect
@ -501,28 +500,29 @@ File: hledger-ui.info, Node: Watch mode limitations, Prev: Watch mode, Up: TI
==========================
There are situations in which it won't work, ie the display will not
update when you save a change (because the underlying 'inotify' library
update when you save a change (because the underlying `inotify' library
does not support it). Here are some that we know of:
* Certain editors: saving with 'gedit', and perhaps any Gnome
* Certain editors: saving with `gedit', and perhaps any Gnome
application, won't be detected (#1617). Jetbrains IDEs, such as
IDEA, also may not work (#911).
* Certain unusual filesystems might not be supported. (All the usual
ones on unix, mac and windows are supported.)
In such cases, the workaround is to switch to the hledger-ui window
and press 'g' each time you want it to reload. (Actually, see #1617 for
and press `g' each time you want it to reload. (Actually, see #1617 for
another workaround, and let us know if it works for you.)
If you leave 'hledger-ui --watch' running for days, on certain
If you leave `hledger-ui --watch' running for days, on certain
platforms (?), perhaps with many transactions in your journal (?),
perhaps with large numbers of other files present (?), you may see it
gradually using more and more memory and CPU over time, as seen in 'top'
or Activity Monitor or Task Manager.
gradually using more and more memory and CPU over time, as seen in
`top' or Activity Monitor or Task Manager.
A workaround is to 'q'uit and restart it, or to suspend it ('CTRL-z')
and restart it ('fg') if your shell supports that.
A workaround is to `q'uit and restart it, or to suspend it
(`CTRL-z') and restart it (`fg') if your shell supports that.

File: hledger-ui.info, Node: ENVIRONMENT, Next: FILES, Prev: TIPS, Up: Top
@ -532,25 +532,26 @@ File: hledger-ui.info, Node: ENVIRONMENT, Next: FILES, Prev: TIPS, Up: Top
*COLUMNS* The screen width to use. Default: the full terminal width.
*LEDGER_FILE* The journal file path when not specified with '-f'.
Default: '~/.hledger.journal' (on windows, perhaps
'C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal').
*LEDGER_FILE* The journal file path when not specified with `-f'.
Default: `~/.hledger.journal' (on windows, perhaps
`C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal').
A typical value is '~/DIR/YYYY.journal', where DIR is a
A typical value is `~/DIR/YYYY.journal', where DIR is a
version-controlled finance directory and YYYY is the current year. Or
'~/DIR/current.journal', where current.journal is a symbolic link to
`~/DIR/current.journal', where current.journal is a symbolic link to
YYYY.journal.
On Mac computers, you can set this and other environment variables in
a more thorough way that also affects applications started from the GUI
(say, an Emacs dock icon). Eg on MacOS Catalina I have a
'~/.MacOSX/environment.plist' file containing
On Mac computers, you can set this and other environment variables
in a more thorough way that also affects applications started from the
GUI (say, an Emacs dock icon). Eg on MacOS Catalina I have a
`~/.MacOSX/environment.plist' file containing
{
"LEDGER_FILE" : "~/finance/current.journal"
}
To see the effect you may need to 'killall Dock', or reboot.
To see the effect you may need to `killall Dock', or reboot.

File: hledger-ui.info, Node: FILES, Next: BUGS, Prev: ENVIRONMENT, Up: Top
@ -559,9 +560,9 @@ File: hledger-ui.info, Node: FILES, Next: BUGS, Prev: ENVIRONMENT, Up: Top
*******
Reads data from one or more files in hledger journal, timeclock,
timedot, or CSV format specified with '-f', or '$LEDGER_FILE', or
'$HOME/.hledger.journal' (on windows, perhaps
'C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal').
timedot, or CSV format specified with `-f', or `$LEDGER_FILE', or
`$HOME/.hledger.journal' (on windows, perhaps
`C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal').

File: hledger-ui.info, Node: BUGS, Prev: FILES, Up: Top
@ -569,18 +570,18 @@ File: hledger-ui.info, Node: BUGS, Prev: FILES, Up: Top
7 BUGS
******
The need to precede options with '--' when invoked from hledger is
The need to precede options with `--' when invoked from hledger is
awkward.
'-f-' doesn't work (hledger-ui can't read from stdin).
`-f-' doesn't work (hledger-ui can't read from stdin).
'-V' affects only the accounts screen.
`-V' affects only the accounts screen.
When you press 'g', the current and all previous screens are
When you press `g', the current and all previous screens are
regenerated, which may cause a noticeable pause with large files. Also
there is no visual indication that this is in progress.
'--watch' is not yet fully robust. It works well for normal usage,
`--watch' is not yet fully robust. It works well for normal usage,
but many file changes in a short time (eg saving the file thousands of
times with an editor macro) can cause problems at least on OSX. Symptoms
include: unresponsive UI, periodic resetting of the cursor position,
@ -589,41 +590,37 @@ and possibly a small but persistent build-up of CPU usage until the
program is restarted.
Also, if you are viewing files mounted from another machine,
'--watch' requires that both machine clocks are roughly in step.
`--watch' requires that both machine clocks are roughly in step.

Tag Table:
Node: Top221
Node: OPTIONS1647
Ref: #options1744
Node: KEYS6145
Ref: #keys6240
Node: SCREENS10311
Ref: #screens10409
Node: Accounts screen10499
Ref: #accounts-screen10627
Node: Register screen12842
Ref: #register-screen12997
Node: Transaction screen14994
Ref: #transaction-screen15152
Node: Error screen16022
Ref: #error-screen16144
Node: TIPS16388
Ref: #tips16487
Node: Watch mode16539
Ref: #watch-mode16656
Node: Watch mode limitations17402
Ref: #watch-mode-limitations17543
Node: ENVIRONMENT18679
Ref: #environment18790
Node: FILES19597
Ref: #files19696
Node: BUGS19909
Ref: #bugs19986
Node: Top232
Node: OPTIONS1637
Ref: #options1734
Node: KEYS6129
Ref: #keys6224
Node: SCREENS10273
Ref: #screens10371
Node: Accounts screen10461
Ref: #accounts-screen10589
Node: Register screen12793
Ref: #register-screen12948
Node: Transaction screen14943
Ref: #transaction-screen15101
Node: Error screen15968
Ref: #error-screen16090
Node: TIPS16332
Ref: #tips16431
Node: Watch mode16483
Ref: #watch-mode16600
Node: Watch mode limitations17344
Ref: #watch-mode-limitations17485
Node: ENVIRONMENT18618
Ref: #environment18729
Node: FILES19534
Ref: #files19633
Node: BUGS19846
Ref: #bugs19923

End Tag Table

Local Variables:
coding: utf-8
End:

2
hledger-ui/hledger-ui.txt
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@ -504,4 +504,4 @@ SEE ALSO
hledger-ui-1.22.99 August 2021 HLEDGER-UI(1)
hledger-ui-1.22.99 September 2021 HLEDGER-UI(1)

2
hledger-web/.date.m4
View File

@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
m4_dnl Date to show in man pages. Updated by "Shake manuals"
m4_define({{_monthyear_}}, {{August 2021}})m4_dnl
m4_define({{_monthyear_}}, {{September 2021}})m4_dnl

2
hledger-web/hledger-web.1
View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
.TH "HLEDGER-WEB" "1" "August 2021" "hledger-web-1.22.99 " "hledger User Manuals"
.TH "HLEDGER-WEB" "1" "September 2021" "hledger-web-1.22.99 " "hledger User Manuals"

297
hledger-web/hledger-web.info
View File

@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
This is hledger-web.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from stdin.
This is hledger-web/hledger-web.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.8
from stdin.
INFO-DIR-SECTION User Applications
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
@ -6,7 +7,7 @@ START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY

File: hledger-web.info, Node: Top, Next: OPTIONS, Up: (dir)
File: hledger-web.info, Node: Top, Up: (dir)
hledger-web(1)
**************
@ -14,8 +15,8 @@ hledger-web(1)
hledger-web is a web interface (WUI) for the hledger accounting tool.
This manual is for hledger-web 1.22.99.
'hledger-web [OPTIONS]'
'hledger web -- [OPTIONS]'
`hledger-web [OPTIONS]'
`hledger web -- [OPTIONS]'
hledger is a reliable, cross-platform set of programs for tracking
money, time, or any other commodity, using double-entry accounting and a
@ -24,22 +25,21 @@ compatible with ledger(1).
hledger-web is hledger's web interface. It starts a simple web
application for browsing and adding transactions, and optionally opens
it in a web browser window if possible. It provides a more
user-friendly UI than the hledger CLI or hledger-ui interface, showing
more at once (accounts, the current account register, balance charts)
and allowing history-aware data entry, interactive searching, and
bookmarking.
it in a web browser window if possible. It provides a more user-friendly
UI than the hledger CLI or hledger-ui interface, showing more at once
(accounts, the current account register, balance charts) and allowing
history-aware data entry, interactive searching, and bookmarking.
hledger-web also lets you share a ledger with multiple users, or even
the public web. There is no access control, so if you need that you
should put it behind a suitable web proxy. As a small protection
against data loss when running an unprotected instance, it writes a
numbered backup of the main journal file (only ?) on every edit.
should put it behind a suitable web proxy. As a small protection against
data loss when running an unprotected instance, it writes a numbered
backup of the main journal file (only ?) on every edit.
Like hledger, it reads data from one or more files in hledger
journal, timeclock, timedot, or CSV format specified with '-f', or
'$LEDGER_FILE', or '$HOME/.hledger.journal' (on windows, perhaps
'C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal'). For more about this see hledger(1).
journal, timeclock, timedot, or CSV format specified with `-f', or
`$LEDGER_FILE', or `$HOME/.hledger.journal' (on windows, perhaps
`C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal'). For more about this see hledger(1).
* Menu:
@ -62,161 +62,158 @@ Command-line options and arguments may be used to set an initial filter
on the data. These filter options are not shown in the web UI, but it
will be applied in addition to any search query entered there.
Note: if invoking hledger-web as a hledger subcommand, write '--'
Note: if invoking hledger-web as a hledger subcommand, write `--'
before options, as shown in the synopsis above.
'--serve'
`--serve'
serve and log requests, don't browse or auto-exit
'--serve-api'
`--serve-api'
like -serve, but serve only the JSON web API, without the
server-side web UI
'--host=IPADDR'
`--host=IPADDR'
listen on this IP address (default: 127.0.0.1)
'--port=PORT'
`--port=PORT'
listen on this TCP port (default: 5000)
'--socket=SOCKETFILE'
`--socket=SOCKETFILE'
use a unix domain socket file to listen for requests instead of a
TCP socket. Implies '--serve'. It can only be used if the
operating system can provide this type of socket.
'--base-url=URL'
TCP socket. Implies `--serve'. It can only be used if the operating
system can provide this type of socket.
`--base-url=URL'
set the base url (default: http://IPADDR:PORT). You would change
this when sharing over the network, or integrating within a larger
website.
'--file-url=URL'
`--file-url=URL'
set the static files url (default: BASEURL/static). hledger-web
normally serves static files itself, but if you wanted to serve
them from another server for efficiency, you would set the url with
this.
'--capabilities=CAP[,CAP..]'
them from another server for efficiency, you would set the url
with this.
`--capabilities=CAP[,CAP..]'
enable the view, add, and/or manage capabilities (default:
view,add)
'--capabilities-header=HTTPHEADER'
`--capabilities-header=HTTPHEADER'
read capabilities to enable from a HTTP header, like
X-Sandstorm-Permissions (default: disabled)
'--test'
`--test'
run hledger-web's tests and exit. hspec test runner args may
follow a -, eg: hledger-web -test - -help
hledger input options:
'-f FILE --file=FILE'
`-f FILE --file=FILE'
use a different input file. For stdin, use - (default:
'$LEDGER_FILE' or '$HOME/.hledger.journal')
'--rules-file=RULESFILE'
`$LEDGER_FILE' or `$HOME/.hledger.journal')
`--rules-file=RULESFILE'
Conversion rules file to use when reading CSV (default: FILE.rules)
'--separator=CHAR'
`--separator=CHAR'
Field separator to expect when reading CSV (default: ',')
'--alias=OLD=NEW'
`--alias=OLD=NEW'
rename accounts named OLD to NEW
'--anon'
`--anon'
anonymize accounts and payees
'--pivot FIELDNAME'
`--pivot FIELDNAME'
use some other field or tag for the account name
'-I --ignore-assertions'
`-I --ignore-assertions'
disable balance assertion checks (note: does not disable balance
assignments)
'-s --strict'
`-s --strict'
do extra error checking (check that all posted accounts are
declared)
hledger reporting options:
'-b --begin=DATE'
`-b --begin=DATE'
include postings/txns on or after this date (will be adjusted to
preceding subperiod start when using a report interval)
'-e --end=DATE'
`-e --end=DATE'
include postings/txns before this date (will be adjusted to
following subperiod end when using a report interval)
'-D --daily'
`-D --daily'
multiperiod/multicolumn report by day
'-W --weekly'
`-W --weekly'
multiperiod/multicolumn report by week
'-M --monthly'
`-M --monthly'
multiperiod/multicolumn report by month
'-Q --quarterly'
`-Q --quarterly'
multiperiod/multicolumn report by quarter
'-Y --yearly'
`-Y --yearly'
multiperiod/multicolumn report by year
'-p --period=PERIODEXP'
`-p --period=PERIODEXP'
set start date, end date, and/or reporting interval all at once
using period expressions syntax
'--date2'
`--date2'
match the secondary date instead (see command help for other
effects)
'-U --unmarked'
`-U --unmarked'
include only unmarked postings/txns (can combine with -P or -C)
'-P --pending'
`-P --pending'
include only pending postings/txns
'-C --cleared'
`-C --cleared'
include only cleared postings/txns
'-R --real'
`-R --real'
include only non-virtual postings
'-NUM --depth=NUM'
`-NUM --depth=NUM'
hide/aggregate accounts or postings more than NUM levels deep
'-E --empty'
`-E --empty'
show items with zero amount, normally hidden (and vice-versa in
hledger-ui/hledger-web)
'-B --cost'
`-B --cost'
convert amounts to their cost/selling amount at transaction time
'-V --market'
`-V --market'
convert amounts to their market value in default valuation
commodities
'-X --exchange=COMM'
`-X --exchange=COMM'
convert amounts to their market value in commodity COMM
'--value'
`--value'
convert amounts to cost or market value, more flexibly than
-B/-V/-X
'--infer-market-prices'
`--infer-market-prices'
use transaction prices (recorded with @ or @@) as additional market
prices, as if they were P directives
'--auto'
`--auto'
apply automated posting rules to modify transactions.
'--forecast'
`--forecast'
generate future transactions from periodic transaction rules, for
the next 6 months or till report end date. In hledger-ui, also
make ordinary future transactions visible.
'--color=WHEN (or --colour=WHEN)'
`--color=WHEN (or --colour=WHEN)'
Should color-supporting commands use ANSI color codes in text
output. 'auto' (default): whenever stdout seems to be a
color-supporting terminal. 'always' or 'yes': always, useful eg
@ -230,62 +227,62 @@ the last one takes precedence.
hledger help options:
'-h --help'
`-h --help'
show general or COMMAND help
'--man'
`--man'
show general or COMMAND user manual with man
'--info'
`--info'
show general or COMMAND user manual with info
'--version'
`--version'
show general or ADDONCMD version
'--debug[=N]'
`--debug[=N]'
show debug output (levels 1-9, default: 1)
A @FILE argument will be expanded to the contents of FILE, which
should contain one command line option/argument per line. (To prevent
this, insert a '--' argument before.)
this, insert a `--' argument before.)
By default, hledger-web starts the web app in "transient mode" and
also opens it in your default web browser if possible. In this mode the
web app will keep running for as long as you have it open in a browser
window, and will exit after two minutes of inactivity (no requests and
no browser windows viewing it). With '--serve', it just runs the web
no browser windows viewing it). With `--serve', it just runs the web
app without exiting, and logs requests to the console. With
'--serve-api', only the JSON web api (see below) is served, with the
`--serve-api', only the JSON web api (see below) is served, with the
usual HTML server-side web UI disabled.
By default the server listens on IP address 127.0.0.1, accessible
only to local requests. You can use '--host' to change this, eg '--host
only to local requests. You can use `--host' to change this, eg `--host
0.0.0.0' to listen on all configured addresses.
Similarly, use '--port' to set a TCP port other than 5000, eg if you
Similarly, use `--port' to set a TCP port other than 5000, eg if you
are running multiple hledger-web instances.
Both of these options are ignored when '--socket' is used. In this
case, it creates an 'AF_UNIX' socket file at the supplied path and uses
Both of these options are ignored when `--socket' is used. In this
case, it creates an `AF_UNIX' socket file at the supplied path and uses
that for communication. This is an alternative way of running multiple
hledger-web instances behind a reverse proxy that handles authentication
for different users. The path can be derived in a predictable way, eg
by using the username within the path. As an example, 'nginx' as
reverse proxy can use the variable '$remote_user' to derive a path from
the username used in a HTTP basic authentication. The following
'proxy_pass' directive allows access to all 'hledger-web' instances that
created a socket in '/tmp/hledger/':
hledger-web instances behind a reverse proxy that handles
authentication for different users. The path can be derived in a
predictable way, eg by using the username within the path. As an
example, `nginx' as reverse proxy can use the variable `$remote_user'
to derive a path from the username used in a HTTP basic authentication.
The following `proxy_pass' directive allows access to all `hledger-web'
instances that created a socket in `/tmp/hledger/':
proxy_pass http://unix:/tmp/hledger/${remote_user}.socket;
You can use '--base-url' to change the protocol, hostname, port and
You can use `--base-url' to change the protocol, hostname, port and
path that appear in hyperlinks, useful eg for integrating hledger-web
within a larger website. The default is 'http://HOST:PORT/' using the
server's configured host address and TCP port (or 'http://HOST' if PORT
within a larger website. The default is `http://HOST:PORT/' using the
server's configured host address and TCP port (or `http://HOST' if PORT
is 80).
With '--file-url' you can set a different base url for static files,
With `--file-url' you can set a different base url for static files,
eg for better caching or cookie-less serving on high performance
websites.
@ -300,25 +297,29 @@ journal and to add new transactions, but not to change existing data.
You can restrict who can reach it by
* setting the IP address it listens on (see '--host' above). By
* setting the IP address it listens on (see `--host' above). By
default it listens on 127.0.0.1, accessible to all users on the
local machine.
* putting it behind an authenticating proxy, using eg apache or nginx
* custom firewall rules
You can restrict what the users who reach it can do, by
* using the '--capabilities=CAP[,CAP..]' flag when you start it,
* using the `--capabilities=CAP[,CAP..]' flag when you start it,
enabling one or more of the following capabilities. The default
value is 'view,add':
* 'view' - allows viewing the journal file and all included
value is `view,add':
* `view' - allows viewing the journal file and all included
files
* 'add' - allows adding new transactions to the main journal
* `add' - allows adding new transactions to the main journal
file
* 'manage' - allows editing, uploading or downloading the main
* `manage' - allows editing, uploading or downloading the main
or included files
* using the '--capabilities-header=HTTPHEADER' flag to specify a HTTP
* using the `--capabilities-header=HTTPHEADER' flag to specify a HTTP
header from which it will read capabilities to enable. hledger-web
on Sandstorm uses the X-Sandstorm-Permissions header to integrate
with Sandstorm's permissions. This is disabled by default.
@ -329,7 +330,7 @@ File: hledger-web.info, Node: EDITING UPLOADING DOWNLOADING, Next: RELOADING,
3 EDITING, UPLOADING, DOWNLOADING
*********************************
If you enable the 'manage' capability mentioned above, you'll see a new
If you enable the `manage' capability mentioned above, you'll see a new
"spanner" button to the right of the search form. Clicking this will
let you edit, upload, or download the journal file or any files it
includes.
@ -370,13 +371,15 @@ File: hledger-web.info, Node: JSON API, Next: ENVIRONMENT, Prev: RELOADING,
In addition to the web UI, hledger-web also serves a JSON API that can
be used to get data or add new transactions. If you want the JSON API
only, you can use the '--serve-api' flag. Eg:
only, you can use the `--serve-api' flag. Eg:
$ hledger-web -f examples/sample.journal --serve-api
...
You can get JSON data from these routes:
/version
/accountnames
/transactions
@ -389,6 +392,7 @@ $ hledger-web -f examples/sample.journal --serve-api
command). (hledger-web's JSON does not include newlines, here we use
python to prettify it):
$ curl -s http://127.0.0.1:5000/accountnames | python -m json.tool
[
"assets",
@ -408,6 +412,7 @@ $ curl -s http://127.0.0.1:5000/accountnames | python -m json.tool
Or all transactions:
$ curl -s http://127.0.0.1:5000/transactions | python -m json.tool
[
{
@ -433,20 +438,21 @@ on the various data types, eg Transaction. And for a higher level
understanding, see the journal manual.
In some cases there is outer JSON corresponding to a "Report" type.
To understand that, go to the Hledger.Web.Handler.MiscR haddock and look
at the source for the appropriate handler to see what it returns. Eg
for '/accounttransactions' it's getAccounttransactionsR, returning a
"'accountTransactionsReport ...'". Looking up the haddock for that we
To understand that, go to the Hledger.Web.Handler.MiscR haddock and
look at the source for the appropriate handler to see what it returns.
Eg for `/accounttransactions' it's getAccounttransactionsR, returning a
"`accountTransactionsReport ...'". Looking up the haddock for that we
can see that /accounttransactions returns an AccountTransactionsReport,
which consists of a report title and a list of
AccountTransactionsReportItem (etc).
You can add a new transaction to the journal with a PUT request to
'/add', if hledger-web was started with the 'add' capability (enabled by
default). The payload must be the full, exact JSON representation of a
hledger transaction (partial data won't do). You can get sample JSON
from hledger-web's '/transactions' or '/accounttransactions', or you can
export it with hledger-lib, eg like so:
`/add', if hledger-web was started with the `add' capability (enabled
by default). The payload must be the full, exact JSON representation of
a hledger transaction (partial data won't do). You can get sample JSON
from hledger-web's `/transactions' or `/accounttransactions', or you
can export it with hledger-lib, eg like so:
.../hledger$ stack ghci hledger-lib
>>> writeJsonFile "txn.json" (head $ jtxns samplejournal)
@ -455,6 +461,7 @@ export it with hledger-lib, eg like so:
Here's how it looks as of hledger-1.17 (remember, this JSON
corresponds to hledger's Transaction and related data types):
{
"tcomment": "",
"tpostings": [
@ -544,6 +551,7 @@ corresponds to hledger's Transaction and related data types):
And here's how to test adding it with curl. This should add a new
entry to your journal:
$ curl http://127.0.0.1:5000/add -X PUT -H 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-binary @txn.json

@ -552,25 +560,26 @@ File: hledger-web.info, Node: ENVIRONMENT, Next: FILES, Prev: JSON API, Up:
6 ENVIRONMENT
*************
*LEDGER_FILE* The journal file path when not specified with '-f'.
Default: '~/.hledger.journal' (on windows, perhaps
'C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal').
*LEDGER_FILE* The journal file path when not specified with `-f'.
Default: `~/.hledger.journal' (on windows, perhaps
`C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal').
A typical value is '~/DIR/YYYY.journal', where DIR is a
A typical value is `~/DIR/YYYY.journal', where DIR is a
version-controlled finance directory and YYYY is the current year. Or
'~/DIR/current.journal', where current.journal is a symbolic link to
`~/DIR/current.journal', where current.journal is a symbolic link to
YYYY.journal.
On Mac computers, you can set this and other environment variables in
a more thorough way that also affects applications started from the GUI
(say, an Emacs dock icon). Eg on MacOS Catalina I have a
'~/.MacOSX/environment.plist' file containing
On Mac computers, you can set this and other environment variables
in a more thorough way that also affects applications started from the
GUI (say, an Emacs dock icon). Eg on MacOS Catalina I have a
`~/.MacOSX/environment.plist' file containing
{
"LEDGER_FILE" : "~/finance/current.journal"
}
To see the effect you may need to 'killall Dock', or reboot.
To see the effect you may need to `killall Dock', or reboot.

File: hledger-web.info, Node: FILES, Next: BUGS, Prev: ENVIRONMENT, Up: Top
@ -579,9 +588,9 @@ File: hledger-web.info, Node: FILES, Next: BUGS, Prev: ENVIRONMENT, Up: Top
*******
Reads data from one or more files in hledger journal, timeclock,
timedot, or CSV format specified with '-f', or '$LEDGER_FILE', or
'$HOME/.hledger.journal' (on windows, perhaps
'C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal').
timedot, or CSV format specified with `-f', or `$LEDGER_FILE', or
`$HOME/.hledger.journal' (on windows, perhaps
`C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal').

File: hledger-web.info, Node: BUGS, Prev: FILES, Up: Top
@ -589,10 +598,10 @@ File: hledger-web.info, Node: BUGS, Prev: FILES, Up: Top
8 BUGS
******
The need to precede options with '--' when invoked from hledger is
The need to precede options with `--' when invoked from hledger is
awkward.
'-f-' doesn't work (hledger-web can't read from stdin).
`-f-' doesn't work (hledger-web can't read from stdin).
Query arguments and some hledger options are ignored.
@ -600,29 +609,25 @@ awkward.
Does not work well on small screens.

Tag Table:
Node: Top223
Node: OPTIONS1889
Ref: #options1994
Node: PERMISSIONS9427
Ref: #permissions9566
Node: EDITING UPLOADING DOWNLOADING10778
Ref: #editing-uploading-downloading10959
Node: RELOADING11793
Ref: #reloading11927
Node: JSON API12360
Ref: #json-api12474
Node: ENVIRONMENT17964
Ref: #environment18080
Node: FILES18813
Ref: #files18913
Node: BUGS19126
Ref: #bugs19204

End Tag Table

Local Variables:
coding: utf-8
End:
Tag Table:
Node: Top235
Node: OPTIONS1878
Ref: #options1983
Node: PERMISSIONS9396
Ref: #permissions9535
Node: EDITING UPLOADING DOWNLOADING10747
Ref: #editing-uploading-downloading10928
Node: RELOADING11759
Ref: #reloading11893
Node: JSON API12325
Ref: #json-api12439
Node: ENVIRONMENT17928
Ref: #environment18044
Node: FILES18776
Ref: #files18876
Node: BUGS19089
Ref: #bugs19167

End Tag Table

2
hledger-web/hledger-web.txt
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@ -556,4 +556,4 @@ SEE ALSO
hledger-web-1.22.99 August 2021 HLEDGER-WEB(1)
hledger-web-1.22.99 September 2021 HLEDGER-WEB(1)

2
hledger/.date.m4
View File

@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
m4_dnl Date to show in man pages. Updated by "Shake manuals"
m4_define({{_monthyear_}}, {{August 2021}})m4_dnl
m4_define({{_monthyear_}}, {{September 2021}})m4_dnl

582
hledger/hledger.1
View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
.\"t
.TH "HLEDGER" "1" "August 2021" "hledger-1.22.99 " "hledger User Manuals"
.TH "HLEDGER" "1" "September 2021" "hledger-1.22.99 " "hledger User Manuals"
@ -762,6 +762,12 @@ T}@T{
T}
.TE
.PP
Note \[dq]today\[aq]s date\[dq] can be overridden with the
\f[C]--today\f[R] option, in case it\[aq]s needed for testing or for
recreating old reports.
(Except for periodic transaction rules; those are not affected by
\f[C]--today\f[R].)
.PP
.SS Report start & end date
.PP
By default, most hledger reports will show the full span of time
@ -779,8 +785,8 @@ All of these accept the smart date syntax.
.PP
Some notes:
.IP \[bu] 2
As in Ledger, end dates are exclusive, so you need to write the date
\f[I]after\f[R] the last day you want to include.
End dates are exclusive, as in Ledger, so you should write the date
\f[I]after\f[R] the last day you want to see in the report.
.IP \[bu] 2
As noted in reporting options: among start/end dates specified with
\f[I]options\f[R], the last (i.e.
@ -847,9 +853,16 @@ separate row or column.
.PP
The following \[dq]standard\[dq] report intervals can be enabled by
using their corresponding flag:
.PP
\f[C]-D/--daily\f[R], \f[C]-W/--weekly\f[R], \f[C]-M/--monthly\f[R],
\f[C]-Q/--quarterly\f[R], \f[C]-Y/--yearly\f[R].
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]-D/--daily\f[R]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]-W/--weekly\f[R]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]-M/--monthly\f[R]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]-Q/--quarterly\f[R]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]-Y/--yearly\f[R]
.PP
These standard intervals always start on natural interval boundaries: eg
\f[C]--weekly\f[R] starts on mondays, \f[C]--monthly\f[R] starts on the
@ -871,6 +884,20 @@ overridden (ie, the report starts earlier than your requested start
date, or ends later than your requested end date).
This is done to ensure \[dq]full\[dq] first and last subperiods, so that
all subperiods\[aq] numbers are comparable.
.PP
To summarise:
.IP \[bu] 2
In multiperiod reports, all subperiods are forced to be the same length,
to simplify reporting.
.IP \[bu] 2
Reports with the standard
\f[C]--weekly\f[R]/\f[C]--monthly\f[R]/\f[C]--quarterly\f[R]/\f[C]--yearly\f[R]
intervals are required to start on the first day of a
week/month/quarter/year.
We\[aq]d like more flexibility here but it isn\[aq]t supported yet.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]--period\f[R] (below) can specify more complex intervals, starting
on any date.
.SS Period expressions
.PP
The \f[C]-p/--period\f[R] option accepts period expressions, a shorthand
@ -882,7 +909,13 @@ Here\[aq]s a basic period expression specifying the first quarter of
Note, hledger always treats start dates as inclusive and end dates as
exclusive:
.PP
.TS
tab(@);
l.
T{
\f[C]-p \[dq]from 2009/1/1 to 2009/4/1\[dq]\f[R]
T}
.TE
.PP
Keywords like \[dq]from\[dq] and \[dq]to\[dq] are optional, and so are
the spaces, as long as you don\[aq]t run two dates together.
@ -987,17 +1020,16 @@ T}@T{
fourth quarter of the current year
T}
.TE
.SS Period expressions with a report interval
.PP
The argument of \f[C]-p\f[R] can also begin with, or be, a report
interval expression.
The basic report intervals are \f[C]daily\f[R], \f[C]weekly\f[R],
\f[C]monthly\f[R], \f[C]quarterly\f[R], or \f[C]yearly\f[R], which have
the same effect as the
\f[C]-D\f[R],\f[C]-W\f[R],\f[C]-M\f[R],\f[C]-Q\f[R], or \f[C]-Y\f[R]
flags.
Between report interval and start/end dates (if any), the word
\f[C]in\f[R] is optional.
Examples:
\f[C]-p/--period\f[R]\[aq]s argument can also begin with, or entirely
consist of, a report interval.
This should be separated from the start/end dates (if any) by a space,
or the word \f[C]in\f[R].
The basic intervals (which can also be written as command line flags)
are \f[C]daily\f[R], \f[C]weekly\f[R], \f[C]monthly\f[R],
\f[C]quarterly\f[R], and \f[C]yearly\f[R].
Some examples:
.PP
.TS
tab(@);
@ -1013,11 +1045,11 @@ T{
T}
.TE
.PP
Note that \f[C]weekly\f[R], \f[C]monthly\f[R], \f[C]quarterly\f[R] and
\f[C]yearly\f[R] intervals will always start on the first day on week,
month, quarter or year accordingly, and will end on the last day of same
period, even if associated period expression specifies different
explicit start and end date.
As mentioned above, the \f[C]weekly\f[R], \f[C]monthly\f[R],
\f[C]quarterly\f[R] and \f[C]yearly\f[R] intervals require a report
start date that is the first day of a week, month, quarter or year.
And, report start/end dates will be expanded if needed to span a whole
number of intervals.
.PP
For example:
.PP
@ -1046,15 +1078,23 @@ T}@T{
starts on 2009/01/01, first day of 2009
T}
.TE
.SS More complex report intervals
.PP
The following more complex report intervals are also supported:
\f[C]biweekly\f[R], \f[C]fortnightly\f[R], \f[C]bimonthly\f[R],
\f[C]every day|week|month|quarter|year\f[R],
\f[C]every N days|weeks|months|quarters|years\f[R].
.PP
All of these will start on the first day of the requested period and end
on the last one, as described above.
Some more complex kinds of interval are also supported in period
expressions:
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]biweekly\f[R]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]fortnightly\f[R]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]bimonthly\f[R]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]every day|week|month|quarter|year\f[R]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]every N days|weeks|months|quarters|years\f[R]
.PP
These too will cause report start/end dates to be expanded, if needed,
to span a whole number of intervals.
Examples:
.PP
.TS
@ -1076,16 +1116,33 @@ T}@T{
periods will have boundaries on 2009/03/01, 2009/08/01, ...
T}
.TE
.SS Intervals with custom start date
.PP
If you want intervals that start on arbitrary day of your choosing and
span a week, month or year, you need to use any of the following:
All intervals mentioned above are required to start on their natural
calendar boundaries, but the following intervals can start on any date:
.PP
\f[C]every Nth day of week\f[R], \f[C]every WEEKDAYNAME\f[R] (eg
\f[C]mon|tue|wed|thu|fri|sat|sun\f[R]),
\f[C]every Nth day [of month]\f[R],
\f[C]every Nth WEEKDAYNAME [of month]\f[R],
\f[C]every MM/DD [of year]\f[R], \f[C]every Nth MMM [of year]\f[R],
\f[C]every MMM Nth [of year]\f[R].
Weekly on custom day:
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]every Nth day of week\f[R] (\f[C]th\f[R], \f[C]nd\f[R],
\f[C]rd\f[R], or \f[C]st\f[R] are all accepted after the number)
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]every WEEKDAYNAME\f[R] (full or three-letter english weekday name,
case insensitive)
.PP
Monthly on custom day:
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]every Nth day [of month]\f[R]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]every Nth WEEKDAYNAME [of month]\f[R]
.PP
Yearly on custom day:
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]every MM/DD [of year]\f[R] (month number and day of month number)
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]every MONTHNAME DDth [of year]\f[R] (full or three-letter english
month name, case insensitive, and day of month number)
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]every DDth MONTHNAME [of year]\f[R] (equivalent to the above)
.PP
Examples:
.PP
@ -1115,10 +1172,10 @@ T}
T{
\f[C]-p \[dq]every 11/05\[dq]\f[R]
T}@T{
yearly periods with boundaries on 5th of Nov
yearly periods with boundaries on 5th of November
T}
T{
\f[C]-p \[dq]every 5th Nov\[dq]\f[R]
\f[C]-p \[dq]every 5th November\[dq]\f[R]
T}@T{
same
T}
@ -1129,23 +1186,79 @@ same
T}
.TE
.PP
Show historical balances at end of 15th each month (N is exclusive end
date):
Show historical balances at end of the 15th day of each month (N is an
end date, exclusive as always):
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$ hledger balance -H -p \[dq]every 16th day\[dq]
\f[R]
.fi
.PP
\f[C]hledger balance -H -p \[dq]every 16th day\[dq]\f[R]
Group postings from the start of wednesday to end of the following
tuesday (N is both (inclusive) start date and (exclusive) end date):
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$ hledger register checking -p \[dq]every 3rd day of week\[dq]
\f[R]
.fi
.SS Periods or dates ?
.PP
Group postings from start of wednesday to end of next tuesday (N is
start date and exclusive end date):
Report intervals like the above are most often used with
\f[C]-p|--period\f[R], to divide reports into multiple subperiods - each
generated date marks a subperiod boundary.
Here, the periods between the dates are what\[aq]s important.
.PP
\f[C]hledger register checking -p \[dq]every 3rd day of week\[dq]\f[R]
But report intervals can also be used with \f[C]--forecast\f[R] to
generate future transactions, or with \f[C]balance --budget\f[R] to
generate budget goal-setting transactions.
For these, the dates themselves are what matters.
.SS Events on multiple weekdays
.PP
The \f[C]every WEEKDAYNAME\f[R] form has a special variant with multiple
day names, comma-separated.
Eg: \f[C]every mon,thu,sat\f[R].
Also, \f[C]weekday\f[R] and \f[C]weekendday\f[R] are shorthand for
\f[C]mon,tue,wed,thu,fri\f[R] and \f[C]sat,sun\f[R] respectively.
.PP
This form is mainly intended for use with \f[C]--forecast\f[R], to
generate periodic transactions on arbitrary days of the week.
It may be less useful with \f[C]-p\f[R], since it divides each week into
subperiods of unequal length.
(Because gaps between periods are not allowed; if you\[aq]d like to
change this, see #1632.)
.PP
Examples:
.PP
.TS
tab(@);
lw(17.8n) lw(52.2n).
T{
\f[C]-p \[dq]every mon,wed,fri\[dq]\f[R]
T}@T{
dates will be Mon, Wed, Fri; periods will be Mon-Tue, Wed-Thu, Fri-Sun
T}
T{
\f[C]-p \[dq]every weekday\[dq]\f[R]
T}@T{
dates will be Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri; periods will be Mon, Tue, Wed,
Thu, Fri-Sun
T}
T{
\f[C]-p \[dq]every weekendday\[dq]\f[R]
T}@T{
dates will be Sat, Sun; periods will be Sat, Sun-Fri
T}
.TE
.SH DEPTH
.PP
With the \f[C]--depth N\f[R] option (short form: \f[C]-N\f[R]), commands
like account, balance and register will show only the uppermost accounts
in the account tree, down to level N.
With the \f[C]--depth NUM\f[R] option (short form: \f[C]-NUM\f[R]),
commands like account, balance and register will show only the uppermost
accounts in the account tree, down to level NUM.
Use this when you want a summary with less detail.
This flag has the same effect as a \f[C]depth:\f[R] query argument (so
\f[C]-2\f[R], \f[C]--depth=2\f[R] or \f[C]depth:2\f[R] are equivalent).
This flag has the same effect as a \f[C]depth:\f[R] query argument:
\f[C]depth:2\f[R], \f[C]--depth=2\f[R] or \f[C]-2\f[R] are equivalent.
.SH QUERIES
.PP
One of hledger\[aq]s strengths is being able to quickly report on a
@ -2256,6 +2369,24 @@ If you already have tables created via SQL output of hledger, you would
probably want to either clear tables of existing data (via
\f[C]delete\f[R] or \f[C]truncate\f[R] SQL statements) or drop tables
completely as otherwise your postings will be duped.
.SS Commodity styles
.PP
The display style of a commodity/currence is inferred according to the
rules described in Commodity display style.
The inferred display style can be overriden by an optional
\f[C]-c/--commodity-style\f[R] option.
For example, the following will override the display style for dollars.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$ hledger print -c \[aq]$1.000,0\[aq]
\f[R]
.fi
.PP
The format specification of the style is identical to the commodity
display style specification for the commodity directive.
The command line option can be supplied repeatedly to override the
display style for multiple commodity/currency symbols.
.SH COMMANDS
.PP
hledger provides a number of commands for producing reports and managing
@ -2628,6 +2759,8 @@ or actual and planned balance changes (\f[C]--budget\f[R])
or value of balance changes (\f[C]-V\f[R])
.IP \[bu] 2
or change of balance values (\f[C]--valuechange\f[R])
.IP \[bu] 2
or unrealised capital gain/loss (\f[C]--gain\f[R])
.PP
\&..in..
.IP \[bu] 2
@ -2686,11 +2819,11 @@ end of the journal period (more on this below).
.PP
Accounts are sorted by declaration order if any, and then alphabetically
by account name.
For instance, using examples/sample.journal:
For instance (using examples/sample.journal):
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$ hledger bal
$ hledger -f examples/sample.journal bal
$1 assets:bank:saving
$-2 assets:cash
$1 expenses:food
@ -2735,7 +2868,7 @@ Eg:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$ hledger bal --cleared assets date:200806
$ hledger -f examples/sample.journal bal --cleared assets date:200806
$-2 assets:cash
--------------------
$-2
@ -2751,7 +2884,7 @@ subaccounts\[aq] \[dq]leaf\[dq] names indented below their parent:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$ hledger balance
$ hledger -f examples/sample.journal balance
$-1 assets
$1 bank:saving
$-2 cash
@ -2785,31 +2918,35 @@ Each group of sibling accounts (ie, under a common parent) is sorted
separately.
.SS Depth limiting
.PP
With a \f[C]depth:N\f[R] query, or \f[C]--depth N\f[R] option, or just
\f[C]-N\f[R], balance reports will show accounts only to the specified
depth, hiding the deeper subaccounts.
With a \f[C]depth:NUM\f[R] query, or \f[C]--depth NUM\f[R] option, or
just \f[C]-NUM\f[R] (eg: \f[C]-3\f[R]) balance reports will show
accounts only to the specified depth, hiding the deeper subaccounts.
This can be useful for getting an overview without too much detail.
.PP
Account balances at the depth limit always include the balances from any
hidden subaccounts (even in list mode).
This can be useful for getting an overview.
deeper subaccounts (even in list mode).
Eg, limiting to depth 1:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$ hledger balance -N -1
$ hledger -f examples/sample.journal balance -1
$-1 assets
$2 expenses
$-2 income
$1 liabilities
--------------------
0
\f[R]
.fi
.SS Dropping top-level accounts
.PP
You can also hide top-level account name parts, using
\f[C]--drop N\f[R].
You can also hide one or more top-level account name parts, using
\f[C]--drop NUM\f[R].
This can be useful for hiding repetitive top-level account names:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$ hledger bal expenses --drop 1
$ hledger -f examples/sample.journal bal expenses --drop 1
$1 food
$1 supplies
--------------------
@ -2827,7 +2964,7 @@ periods (and a title):
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$ hledger balance --quarterly income expenses -E
$ hledger -f examples/sample.journal bal --quarterly income expenses -E
Balance changes in 2008:
|| 2008q1 2008q2 2008q3 2008q4
@ -2974,7 +3111,7 @@ value expressed as a percentage of the (column) total:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$ hledger bal expenses -Q -%
$ hledger -f examples/sample.journal bal expenses -Q -%
Balance changes in 2008:
|| 2008Q1 2008Q2 2008Q3 2008Q4
@ -3070,7 +3207,11 @@ It is one of:
\f[C]--budget\f[R] : like --sum but also show a goal amount
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]--valuechange\f[R] : show the change in period-end historical
balance values
balance values (caused by deposits, withdrawals, and/or market price
fluctuations)
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]--gain\f[R] : show the unrealised capital gain/loss, (the current
valued balance minus each amount\[aq]s original cost)
.PP
\f[B]Accumulation type:\f[R]
.PD 0
@ -3112,7 +3253,7 @@ cost
\f[C]--value=then[,COMM]\f[R] : show value at transaction dates
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]--value=end[,COMM]\f[R] : show value at period end date(s)
(\f[B]default with \f[CB]--valuechange\f[B]\f[R])
(\f[B]default with \f[CB]--valuechange\f[B], \f[CB]--gain\f[B]\f[R])
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]--value=now[,COMM]\f[R] : show value at today\[aq]s date
.IP \[bu] 2
@ -3570,7 +3711,7 @@ Eg:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$ hledger balance --format \[dq]%20(account) %12(total)\[dq]
$ hledger -f examples/sample.journal balance --format \[dq]%20(account) %12(total)\[dq]
assets $-1
bank:saving $1
cash $-2
@ -3938,19 +4079,42 @@ whichever is later.
.PP
Unless you are running \f[C]close\f[R] on exactly the first day of the
new period, you\[aq]ll want to override the closing date.
This is done by specifying a report period, where \[dq]last day of the
This is done by specifying a report end date, where \[dq]last day of the
report period\[dq] will be the closing date.
The opening date is always the following day.
So to close on 2020-12-31 and open on 2021-01-01, any of these work
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]-p 2020\f[R]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]date:2020\f[R]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]-e 2021-01-01\f[R] (remember \f[C]-e\f[R] specifies an exclusive
end date)
.IP \[bu] 2
So to close on (end of) 2020-12-31 and open on (start of) 2021-01-01,
any of these will work:
.PP
.TS
tab(@);
l l.
T{
end date argument
T}@T{
explanation
T}
_
T{
\f[C]-e 2021-01-01\f[R]
T}@T{
end dates are exclusive
T}
T{
\f[C]-e 2021\f[R]
T}@T{
equivalent, per smart dates
T}
T{
\f[C]-p 2020\f[R]
T}@T{
equivalent, the period\[aq]s begin date is ignored
T}
T{
\f[C]date:2020\f[R]
T}@T{
equivalent query
T}
.TE
.SS Example: close asset/liability accounts for file transition
.PP
Carrying asset/liability balances from 2020.journal into a new file for
@ -4010,7 +4174,7 @@ like this:
; 2019.journal
2019-01-01 opening balances ; earliest opening txn, no tag here
\&...
2019-12-31 closing balances ; close:2019
2019-12-31 closing balances ; clopen:2020
\&...
\f[R]
.fi
@ -4018,9 +4182,9 @@ like this:
.nf
\f[C]
; 2020.journal
2020-01-01 opening balances ; open:2020
2020-01-01 opening balances ; clopen:2020
\&...
2020-12-31 closing balances ; close:2020
2020-12-31 closing balances ; clopen:2021
\&...
\f[R]
.fi
@ -4028,7 +4192,7 @@ like this:
.nf
\f[C]
; 2021.journal
2021-01-01 opening balances ; open:2021
2021-01-01 opening balances ; clopen:2021
\&...
\f[R]
.fi
@ -4048,14 +4212,11 @@ you could do eg:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$ hledger -f all.journal reg -H checking not:tag:\[aq]open|close\[aq]
$ hledger -f all.journal reg -H checking not:tag:clopen
# all years checking register, hiding non-essential opening/closing txns
$ hledger -f all.journal bs -p 2020 not:tag:close=2020
$ hledger -f all.journal bs -p 2020 not:tag:clopen=2020
# 2020 year end balances, suppressing 2020 closing txn
$ hledger -f 2020.journal bs not:tag:close
# 2020 year end balances, easier case
\f[R]
.fi
.SS close and balance assertions
@ -4104,35 +4265,45 @@ single-day transactions):
.fi
.SS Example: close revenue/expense accounts to retained earnings
.PP
Here, the opening transaction is supressed with \f[C]--close\f[R], as
it\[aq]s probably not needed.
Also you\[aq]ll want to use a different equity account name:
For this, use \f[C]--close\f[R] to suppress the opening transaction, as
it\[aq]s not needed.
Also you\[aq]ll want to change the equity account name to your
equivalent of \[dq]equity:retained earnings\[dq].
.PP
Closing 2021\[aq]s first quarter revenues/expenses:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$ hledger close -f 2021.journal -p 2021Q1 --close --close-acct=\[aq]equity:retained earnings\[aq] revenues expenses >> 2021.journal
# close 2021 first quarter revenues/expenses
$ hledger close -f 2021.journal --close revenues expenses -p 2021Q1 \[rs]
--close-acct=\[aq]equity:retained earnings\[aq] >> 2021.journal
\f[R]
.fi
.PP
Or, operating on the default journal:
The same, using the default journal and current year:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$ hledger close -p Q1 --close --close-acct=\[aq]equity:retained earnings\[aq] revenues expenses >> $LEDGER_FILE
# close current year\[aq]s first quarter revenues/expenses
$ hledger close --close revenues expenses -p Q1 \[rs]
--close-acct=\[aq]equity:retained earnings\[aq] >> $LEDGER_FILE
\f[R]
.fi
.PP
Now, eg:
Now, the first quarter\[aq]s balance sheet should show a zero (unless
you are using \[at]/\[at]\[at] notation without equity postings):
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$ hledger bse -p Q1
# Q1 full balance sheet, total should be zero
$ hledger is -p Q1 not:\[aq]retained earnings\[aq]
# Q1 income statement, must suppress the closing txn
\f[R]
.fi
.PP
And we must suppress the closing transaction to see the first
quarter\[aq]s income statement (using the description;
\f[C]not:\[aq]retained earnings\[aq]\f[R] won\[aq]t work here):
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$ hledger is -p Q1 not:desc:\[aq]closing balances\[aq]
\f[R]
.fi
.SS codes
@ -4275,8 +4446,13 @@ help
.PD
Show the hledger user manual in one of several formats, optionally
positioned at a given TOPIC (if possible).
TOPIC is any heading, or heading prefix, in the manual.
Some examples: commands, print, \[aq]auto postings\[aq], periodic.
.PP
TOPIC is any heading in the manual, or the start of any heading (but not
the middle).
It is case insensitive.
.PP
Some examples: \f[C]commands\f[R], \f[C]print\f[R], \f[C]forecast\f[R],
\f[C]\[dq]auto postings\[dq]\f[R], \f[C]\[dq]commodity column\[dq]\f[R].
.PP
This command shows the user manual built in to this hledger version.
It can be useful if the correct version of the hledger manual, or the
@ -6036,6 +6212,9 @@ commodity 1000.00000000 BTC
commodity 1 000.
\f[R]
.fi
.PP
The inferred commodity style can be overridden by supplying a command
line option.
.SS Rounding
.PP
Amounts are stored internally as decimal numbers with up to 255 decimal
@ -6714,6 +6893,9 @@ commodity 1 000 000.
Note hledger normally uses banker\[aq]s rounding, so 0.5 displayed with
zero decimal digits is \[dq]0\[dq].
(More at Commodity display style.)
.PP
Even in the presence of commodity directives, the commodity display
style can still be overridden by supplying a command line option.
.SS Commodity error checking
.PP
In strict mode, enabled with the \f[C]-s\f[R]/\f[C]--strict\f[R] flag,
@ -6910,17 +7092,18 @@ report.
not investments or receivables.)
.SS Declaring account types
.PP
Generally, to make these reports work you should declare your top-level
accounts and their types, using account directives with \f[C]type:\f[R]
tags.
.PP
The tag\[aq]s value should be one of: \f[C]Asset\f[R],
\f[C]Liability\f[R], \f[C]Equity\f[R], \f[C]Revenue\f[R],
\f[C]Expense\f[R], \f[C]Cash\f[R], \f[C]A\f[R], \f[C]L\f[R],
\f[C]E\f[R], \f[C]R\f[R], \f[C]X\f[R], \f[C]C\f[R] (all case
insensitive).
The type is inherited by all subaccounts except where they override it.
Here\[aq]s a complete example:
To make the balancesheet/balancesheetequity/cashflow/incomestatement
reports work, generally you should declare your top-level accounts, and
their types.
For each top-level account, write an account directive, with a
\f[C]type:\f[R] tag.
The tag\[aq]s value can be any of \f[C]Asset\f[R], \f[C]Liability\f[R],
\f[C]Equity\f[R], \f[C]Revenue\f[R], \f[C]Expense\f[R], \f[C]Cash\f[R],
or (for short) \f[C]A\f[R], \f[C]L\f[R], \f[C]E\f[R], \f[C]R\f[R],
\f[C]X\f[R], \f[C]C\f[R] (case insensitive).
An account\[aq]s type is inherited by its subaccounts, unless they
declare a different type.
Here\[aq]s an example, declaring all six account types:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
@ -6933,15 +7116,30 @@ account revenues ; type: Revenue
account expenses ; type: Expense
\f[R]
.fi
.SS Auto-detected account types
.PP
If you happen to use common english top-level account names, you may not
need to declare account types, as they will be detected automatically
using the following rules:
There is also an older syntax, which is deprecated and will be dropped
soon (A, L, E, R or X separated from the account name by two or more
spaces):
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
If account\[aq]s name matches this regular expression: | its type is:
account assets A
account liabilities L
account equity E
account revenues R
account expenses X
\f[R]
.fi
.SS Auto-detected account types
.PP
hledger tries to find at least one top level account in each of the six
account types (Asset, Liability, Equity, Revenue, Expense, Cash).
When no accounts have been declared for a particular type, hledger tries
to auto-detect some accounts by name, using regular expressions:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
If account\[aq]s name matches this case insensitive regular expression:| its type is:
------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------
\[ha]assets?(:|$) |
and does not contain regexp (investment|receivable|:A/R|:fixed) | Cash
@ -6953,17 +7151,27 @@ using the following rules:
\f[R]
.fi
.PP
Even so, explicit declarations may be a good idea, for clarity and
predictability.
.SS Interference from auto-detected account types
For people using standard english account names, this feature helps
hledger\[aq]s high-level reports work out of the box with minimal
configuration.
.PP
If you assign any account type, it\[aq]s a good idea to assign all of
them, to prevent any confusion from mixing declared and auto-detected
types.
Although it\[aq]s unlikely to happen in real life, here\[aq]s an
example: with the following journal, \f[C]balancesheetequity\f[R] shows
\[dq]liabilities\[dq] in both Liabilities and Equity sections.
Declaring another account as \f[C]type:Liability\f[R] would fix it:
If you use non-english account names, you should declare account types
to make these reports work.
And more generally, declaring accounts and types is usually a good idea,
for increased clarity and predictability (and for the other benefits of
account directives: error checking, display order, etc).
.PP
Notes:
.IP \[bu] 2
When any account is declared as some type, this disables auto-detection
for that particular type.
.IP \[bu] 2
If you declare any account\[aq]s type, it\[aq]s a good idea to declare
an account for all six types, since a mix of declared and auto-detected
types can cause confusion.
For example, here liabilities is declared to be Equity, but would also
be auto-detected as Liability, since no Liability account is declared:
.RS 2
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
@ -6975,21 +7183,7 @@ account liabilities ; type:Equity
equity -2
\f[R]
.fi
.SS Old account type syntax
.PP
In some hledger journals you might instead see this old syntax (the
letters ALERX, separated from the account name by two or more spaces);
this is deprecated and may be removed soon:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
account assets A
account liabilities L
account equity E
account revenues R
account expenses X
\f[R]
.fi
.RE
.SS Account display order
.PP
Account directives also set the order in which accounts are displayed,
@ -7356,53 +7550,83 @@ expression.
.PP
The \f[C]--forecast\f[R] flag activates any periodic transaction rules
in the journal.
They will generate temporary recurring transactions, which are not saved
in the journal, but will appear in all reports (eg print).
This can be useful for estimating balances into the future, or
These will generate temporary additional transactions, usually recurring
and in the future, which will appear in all reports.
\f[C]hledger print --forecast\f[R] is a good way to see them.
.PP
This can be useful for estimating balances into the future, perhaps
experimenting with different scenarios.
Or, it can be used as a data entry aid: describe recurring transactions,
and every so often copy the output of \f[C]print --forecast\f[R] into
the journal.
.PP
These transactions will have an extra tag indicating which periodic rule
generated them: \f[C]generated-transaction:\[ti] PERIODICEXPR\f[R].
And a similar, hidden tag (beginning with an underscore) which, because
it\[aq]s never displayed by print, can be used to match transactions
generated \[dq]just now\[dq]:
\f[C]_generated-transaction:\[ti] PERIODICEXPR\f[R].
It could also be useful for scripted data entry: you could describe
recurring transactions, and every so often copy the output of
\f[C]print --forecast\f[R] into the journal.
.PP
Periodic transactions are generated within some forecast period.
By default, this
The generated transactions will have an extra tag, like
\f[C]generated-transaction:\[ti] PERIODICEXPR\f[R], indicating which
periodic rule generated them.
There is also a similar, hidden tag, named
\f[C]_generated-transaction:\f[R], which you can use to reliably match
transactions generated \[dq]just now\[dq] (rather than \f[C]print\f[R]ed
in the past).
.PP
The forecast transactions are generated within a \f[I]forecast
period\f[R], which is independent of the report period.
(Forecast period sets the bounds for generated transactions, report
period controls which transactions are reported.) The forecast period
begins on:
.IP \[bu] 2
begins on the later of
the start date provided within \f[C]--forecast\f[R]\[aq]s argument, if
any
.IP \[bu] 2
otherwise, the later of
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
the report start date if specified with -b/-p/date:
the report start date, if specified (with
\f[C]-b\f[R]/\f[C]-p\f[R]/\f[C]date:\f[R])
.IP \[bu] 2
the day after the latest normal (non-periodic) transaction in the
journal, or today if there are no normal transactions.
the day after the latest ordinary transaction in the journal, if any
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
ends on the report end date if specified with -e/-p/date:, or 6 months
(180 days) from today.
otherwise today.
.PP
This means that periodic transactions will begin only after the latest
recorded transaction.
And a recorded transaction dated in the future can prevent generation of
periodic transactions.
(You can avoid that by writing the future transaction as a one-time
periodic rule instead - put tilde before the date, eg
\f[C]\[ti] YYYY-MM-DD ...\f[R]).
It ends on:
.IP \[bu] 2
the end date provided within \f[C]--forecast\f[R]\[aq]s argument, if any
.IP \[bu] 2
otherwise, the report end date, if specified (with
\f[C]-e\f[R]/\f[C]-p\f[R]/\f[C]date:\f[R])
.IP \[bu] 2
otherwise 180 days (6 months) from today.
.PP
Note, this means that ordinary transactions will suppress periodic
transactions, by default; the periodic transactions will not start until
after the last ordinary transaction.
This is usually convenient, but you can get around it in two ways:
.IP \[bu] 2
If you need to record some transactions in the future, make them
periodic transactions (with a single occurrence, eg:
\f[C]\[ti] YYYY-MM-DD\f[R]) rather than ordinary transactions.
That way they won\[aq]t suppress other periodic transactions.
.IP \[bu] 2
Or give \f[C]--forecast\f[R] a period expression argument.
A forecast period specified this way can overlap ordinary transactions,
and need not be in the future.
Some things to note:
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
You must use \f[C]=\f[R] between flag and argument; a space won\[aq]t
work.
.IP \[bu] 2
The period expression can specify the forecast period\[aq]s start date,
end date, or both.
See also Report start & end date.
.IP \[bu] 2
The period expression should not specify a report interval.
(Each periodic transaction rule specifies its own interval.)
.RE
.PP
Or, you can set your own arbitrary \[dq]forecast period\[dq], which can
overlap recorded transactions, and need not be in the future, by
providing an option argument, like \f[C]--forecast=PERIODEXPR\f[R].
Note the equals sign is required, a space won\[aq]t work.
PERIODEXPR is a period expression, which can specify the start date, end
date, or both, like in a \f[C]date:\f[R] query.
(See also hledger.1 -> Report start & end date).
Some examples: \f[C]--forecast=202001-202004\f[R],
\f[C]--forecast=jan-\f[R], \f[C]--forecast=2020\f[R].
\f[C]--forecast=jan-\f[R], \f[C]--forecast=2021\f[R].
.SS Budgeting with periodic transactions
.PP
With the \f[C]--budget\f[R] flag, currently supported by the balance
@ -8088,7 +8312,9 @@ Tips:
Interpolation strips outer whitespace (so a CSV value like
\f[C]\[dq] 1 \[dq]\f[R] becomes \f[C]1\f[R] when interpolated) (#1051).
.IP \[bu] 2
See also Tips below.
Interpolations always refer to a CSV field - you can\[aq]t interpolate a
hledger field.
(See Referencing other fields below).
.SS Field names
.PP
Here are the standard hledger field (and pseudo-field) names, which you

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@ -543,6 +543,10 @@ TIME PERIODS
20181232 8 digits with an invalid day gives an error
201801012 9+ digits beginning with a valid YYYYMMDD gives an error
Note "today's date" can be overridden with the --today option, in case
it's needed for testing or for recreating old reports. (Except for
periodic transaction rules; those are not affected by --today.)
Report start & end date
By default, most hledger reports will show the full span of time repre-
@ -557,8 +561,8 @@ TIME PERIODS
Some notes:
o As in Ledger, end dates are exclusive, so you need to write the date
after the last day you want to include.
o End dates are exclusive, as in Ledger, so you should write the date
after the last day you want to see in the report.
o As noted in reporting options: among start/end dates specified with
options, the last (i.e. right-most) option takes precedence.
@ -593,7 +597,15 @@ TIME PERIODS
The following "standard" report intervals can be enabled by using their
corresponding flag:
-D/--daily, -W/--weekly, -M/--monthly, -Q/--quarterly, -Y/--yearly.
o -D/--daily
o -W/--weekly
o -M/--monthly
o -Q/--quarterly
o -Y/--yearly
These standard intervals always start on natural interval boundaries:
eg --weekly starts on mondays, --monthly starts on the first of the
@ -614,6 +626,19 @@ TIME PERIODS
requested end date). This is done to ensure "full" first and last sub-
periods, so that all subperiods' numbers are comparable.
To summarise:
o In multiperiod reports, all subperiods are forced to be the same
length, to simplify reporting.
o Reports with the standard --weekly/--monthly/--quarterly/--yearly
intervals are required to start on the first day of a
week/month/quarter/year. We'd like more flexibility here but it
isn't supported yet.
o --period (below) can specify more complex intervals, starting on any
date.
Period expressions
The -p/--period option accepts period expressions, a shorthand way of
expressing a start date, end date, and/or report interval all at once.
@ -622,6 +647,7 @@ TIME PERIODS
Note, hledger always treats start dates as inclusive and end dates as
exclusive:
-p "from 2009/1/1 to 2009/4/1"
Keywords like "from" and "to" are optional, and so are the spaces, as
@ -638,7 +664,6 @@ TIME PERIODS
-p "1/1 4/1"
-p "january-apr"
-p "this year to 4/1"
@ -674,21 +699,22 @@ TIME PERIODS
-p "q4" fourth quarter of the cur-
rent year
The argument of -p can also begin with, or be, a report interval
expression. The basic report intervals are daily, weekly, monthly,
quarterly, or yearly, which have the same effect as the -D,-W,-M,-Q, or
-Y flags. Between report interval and start/end dates (if any), the
word in is optional. Examples:
Period expressions with a report interval
-p/--period's argument can also begin with, or entirely consist of, a
report interval. This should be separated from the start/end dates (if
any) by a space, or the word in. The basic intervals (which can also
be written as command line flags) are daily, weekly, monthly, quar-
terly, and yearly. Some examples:
-p "weekly from 2009/1/1 to 2009/4/1"
-p "monthly in 2008"
-p "quarterly"
Note that weekly, monthly, quarterly and yearly intervals will always
start on the first day on week, month, quarter or year accordingly, and
will end on the last day of same period, even if associated period
expression specifies different explicit start and end date.
As mentioned above, the weekly, monthly, quarterly and yearly intervals
require a report start date that is the first day of a week, month,
quarter or year. And, report start/end dates will be expanded if
needed to span a whole number of intervals.
For example:
@ -702,14 +728,22 @@ TIME PERIODS
-p "yearly from starts on 2009/01/01, first day of 2009
2009-12-29"
The following more complex report intervals are also supported:
biweekly, fortnightly, bimonthly, every day|week|month|quarter|year,
every N days|weeks|months|quarters|years.
More complex report intervals
Some more complex kinds of interval are also supported in period
expressions:
All of these will start on the first day of the requested period and
end on the last one, as described above.
o biweekly
Examples:
o fortnightly
o bimonthly
o every day|week|month|quarter|year
o every N days|weeks|months|quarters|years
These too will cause report start/end dates to be expanded, if needed,
to span a whole number of intervals. Examples:
-p "bimonthly from 2008" periods will have boundaries on 2008/01/01,
@ -718,44 +752,98 @@ TIME PERIODS
-p "every 5 month from periods will have boundaries on 2009/03/01,
2009/03" 2009/08/01, ...
If you want intervals that start on arbitrary day of your choosing and
span a week, month or year, you need to use any of the following:
Intervals with custom start date
All intervals mentioned above are required to start on their natural
calendar boundaries, but the following intervals can start on any date:
every Nth day of week, every WEEKDAYNAME (eg
mon|tue|wed|thu|fri|sat|sun), every Nth day [of month], every Nth WEEK-
DAYNAME [of month], every MM/DD [of year], every Nth MMM [of year],
every MMM Nth [of year].
Weekly on custom day:
o every Nth day of week (th, nd, rd, or st are all accepted after the
number)
o every WEEKDAYNAME (full or three-letter english weekday name, case
insensitive)
Monthly on custom day:
o every Nth day [of month]
o every Nth WEEKDAYNAME [of month]
Yearly on custom day:
o every MM/DD [of year] (month number and day of month number)
o every MONTHNAME DDth [of year] (full or three-letter english month
name, case insensitive, and day of month number)
o every DDth MONTHNAME [of year] (equivalent to the above)
Examples:
-p "every 2nd day of periods will go from Tue to Tue
week"
-p "every Tue" same
-p "every 15th day" period boundaries will be on 15th of each
month
-p "every 2nd Monday" period boundaries will be on second Monday of
each month
-p "every 11/05" yearly periods with boundaries on 5th of Nov
-p "every 5th Nov" same
-p "every 11/05" yearly periods with boundaries on 5th of
November
-p "every 5th November" same
-p "every Nov 5th" same
Show historical balances at end of 15th each month (N is exclusive end
date):
Show historical balances at end of the 15th day of each month (N is an
end date, exclusive as always):
hledger balance -H -p "every 16th day"
$ hledger balance -H -p "every 16th day"
Group postings from start of wednesday to end of next tuesday (N is
start date and exclusive end date):
Group postings from the start of wednesday to end of the following
tuesday (N is both (inclusive) start date and (exclusive) end date):
hledger register checking -p "every 3rd day of week"
$ hledger register checking -p "every 3rd day of week"
Periods or dates ?
Report intervals like the above are most often used with -p|--period,
to divide reports into multiple subperiods - each generated date marks
a subperiod boundary. Here, the periods between the dates are what's
important.
But report intervals can also be used with --forecast to generate
future transactions, or with balance --budget to generate budget goal-
setting transactions. For these, the dates themselves are what mat-
ters.
Events on multiple weekdays
The every WEEKDAYNAME form has a special variant with multiple day
names, comma-separated. Eg: every mon,thu,sat. Also, weekday and
weekendday are shorthand for mon,tue,wed,thu,fri and sat,sun respec-
tively.
This form is mainly intended for use with --forecast, to generate peri-
odic transactions on arbitrary days of the week. It may be less useful
with -p, since it divides each week into subperiods of unequal length.
(Because gaps between periods are not allowed; if you'd like to change
this, see #1632.)
Examples:
-p "every dates will be Mon, Wed, Fri; periods will be Mon-
mon,wed,fri" Tue, Wed-Thu, Fri-Sun
-p "every weekday" dates will be Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri; periods will
be Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri-Sun
-p "every weekend- dates will be Sat, Sun; periods will be Sat, Sun-Fri
day"
DEPTH
With the --depth N option (short form: -N), commands like account, bal-
ance and register will show only the uppermost accounts in the account
tree, down to level N. Use this when you want a summary with less
detail. This flag has the same effect as a depth: query argument (so
-2, --depth=2 or depth:2 are equivalent).
With the --depth NUM option (short form: -NUM), commands like account,
balance and register will show only the uppermost accounts in the
account tree, down to level NUM. Use this when you want a summary with
less detail. This flag has the same effect as a depth: query argument:
depth:2, --depth=2 or -2 are equivalent.
QUERIES
One of hledger's strengths is being able to quickly report on a precise
@ -1249,8 +1337,6 @@ VALUATION
total/average of displayed of displayed displayed values of displayed of displayed
values values values values
balance (bs,
bse, cf, is)
balance sums of value at value at posting value at value at
@ -1280,6 +1366,11 @@ VALUATION
is, bs postings in period at respec- each period, sums of post-
--change, cf period tive posting valued at ings
--change) dates period ends
end balances sums of same as sums of values of period end value at
(bal -H, is costs of --value=end postings from balances, DATE/today of
--H, bs, cf) postings before period valued at sums of post-
@ -1455,6 +1546,19 @@ OUTPUT
clear tables of existing data (via delete or truncate SQL statements)
or drop tables completely as otherwise your postings will be duped.
Commodity styles
The display style of a commodity/currence is inferred according to the
rules described in Commodity display style. The inferred display style
can be overriden by an optional -c/--commodity-style option. For exam-
ple, the following will override the display style for dollars.
$ hledger print -c '$1.000,0'
The format specification of the style is identical to the commodity
display style specification for the commodity directive. The command
line option can be supplied repeatedly to override the display style
for multiple commodity/currency symbols.
COMMANDS
hledger provides a number of commands for producing reports and manag-
ing your data. Run hledger with no arguments to list the commands
@ -1776,6 +1880,8 @@ COMMANDS
o or change of balance values (--valuechange)
o or unrealised capital gain/loss (--gain)
..in..
o one time period (the whole journal period by default)
@ -1829,9 +1935,9 @@ COMMANDS
journal period (more on this below).
Accounts are sorted by declaration order if any, and then alphabeti-
cally by account name. For instance, using examples/sample.journal:
cally by account name. For instance (using examples/sample.journal):
$ hledger bal
$ hledger -f examples/sample.journal bal
$1 assets:bank:saving
$-2 assets:cash
$1 expenses:food
@ -1866,7 +1972,7 @@ COMMANDS
cleared transactions only, etc. by using query arguments or options to
limit the postings being matched. Eg:
$ hledger bal --cleared assets date:200806
$ hledger -f examples/sample.journal bal --cleared assets date:200806
$-2 assets:cash
--------------------
$-2
@ -1878,7 +1984,7 @@ COMMANDS
With -t/--tree, the account hierarchy is shown, with subaccounts'
"leaf" names indented below their parent:
$ hledger balance
$ hledger -f examples/sample.journal balance
$-1 assets
$1 bank:saving
$-2 cash
@ -1909,22 +2015,28 @@ COMMANDS
separately.
Depth limiting
With a depth:N query, or --depth N option, or just -N, balance reports
will show accounts only to the specified depth, hiding the deeper sub-
accounts. Account balances at the depth limit always include the bal-
ances from any hidden subaccounts (even in list mode). This can be
useful for getting an overview. Eg, limiting to depth 1:
With a depth:NUM query, or --depth NUM option, or just -NUM (eg: -3)
balance reports will show accounts only to the specified depth, hiding
the deeper subaccounts. This can be useful for getting an overview
without too much detail.
$ hledger balance -N -1
Account balances at the depth limit always include the balances from
any deeper subaccounts (even in list mode). Eg, limiting to depth 1:
$ hledger -f examples/sample.journal balance -1
$-1 assets
$2 expenses
$-2 income
$1 liabilities
--------------------
0
You can also hide top-level account name parts, using --drop N. This
can be useful for hiding repetitive top-level account names:
Dropping top-level accounts
You can also hide one or more top-level account name parts, using
--drop NUM. This can be useful for hiding repetitive top-level account
names:
$ hledger bal expenses --drop 1
$ hledger -f examples/sample.journal bal expenses --drop 1
$1 food
$1 supplies
--------------------
@ -1937,7 +2049,7 @@ COMMANDS
ance shows a tabular report, with columns representing successive time
periods (and a title):
$ hledger balance --quarterly income expenses -E
$ hledger -f examples/sample.journal bal --quarterly income expenses -E
Balance changes in 2008:
|| 2008q1 2008q2 2008q3 2008q4
@ -2065,7 +2177,7 @@ COMMANDS
With -%/--percent, balance reports show each account's value expressed
as a percentage of the (column) total:
$ hledger bal expenses -Q -%
$ hledger -f examples/sample.journal bal expenses -Q -%
Balance changes in 2008:
|| 2008Q1 2008Q2 2008Q3 2008Q4
@ -2142,7 +2254,11 @@ COMMANDS
o --budget : like --sum but also show a goal amount
o --valuechange : show the change in period-end historical balance val-
ues
ues (caused by deposits, withdrawals, and/or market price fluctua-
tions)
o --gain : show the unrealised capital gain/loss, (the current valued
balance minus each amount's original cost)
Accumulation type:
Which postings should be included in each cell's calculation. It is
@ -2172,7 +2288,7 @@ COMMANDS
o --value=then[,COMM] : show value at transaction dates
o --value=end[,COMM] : show value at period end date(s) (default with
--valuechange)
--valuechange, --gain)
o --value=now[,COMM] : show value at today's date
@ -2511,7 +2627,7 @@ COMMANDS
can use --format FMT to customise the format and content of each line.
Eg:
$ hledger balance --format "%20(account) %12(total)"
$ hledger -f examples/sample.journal balance --format "%20(account) %12(total)"
assets $-1
bank:saving $1
cash $-2
@ -2818,17 +2934,20 @@ COMMANDS
Unless you are running close on exactly the first day of the new
period, you'll want to override the closing date. This is done by
specifying a report period, where "last day of the report period" will
be the closing date. The opening date is always the following day. So
to close on 2020-12-31 and open on 2021-01-01, any of these work
specifying a report end date, where "last day of the report period"
will be the closing date. The opening date is always the following
day. So to close on (end of) 2020-12-31 and open on (start of)
2021-01-01, any of these will work:
o -p 2020
o date:2020
o -e 2021-01-01 (remember -e specifies an exclusive end date)
o -e 2021
end date argument explanation
-----------------------------------------------
-e 2021-01-01 end dates are exclusive
-e 2021 equivalent, per smart
dates
-p 2020 equivalent, the period's
begin date is ignored
date:2020 equivalent query
Example: close asset/liability accounts for file transition
Carrying asset/liability balances from 2020.journal into a new file for
@ -2868,17 +2987,17 @@ COMMANDS
; 2019.journal
2019-01-01 opening balances ; earliest opening txn, no tag here
...
2019-12-31 closing balances ; close:2019
2019-12-31 closing balances ; clopen:2020
...
; 2020.journal
2020-01-01 opening balances ; open:2020
2020-01-01 opening balances ; clopen:2020
...
2020-12-31 closing balances ; close:2020
2020-12-31 closing balances ; clopen:2021
...
; 2021.journal
2021-01-01 opening balances ; open:2021
2021-01-01 opening balances ; clopen:2021
...
Now with
@ -2890,15 +3009,12 @@ COMMANDS
you could do eg:
$ hledger -f all.journal reg -H checking not:tag:'open|close'
$ hledger -f all.journal reg -H checking not:tag:clopen
# all years checking register, hiding non-essential opening/closing txns
$ hledger -f all.journal bs -p 2020 not:tag:close=2020
$ hledger -f all.journal bs -p 2020 not:tag:clopen=2020
# 2020 year end balances, suppressing 2020 closing txn
$ hledger -f 2020.journal bs not:tag:close
# 2020 year end balances, easier case
close and balance assertions
The closing and opening transactions will include balance assertions,
verifying that the accounts have first been reset to zero and then
@ -2934,25 +3050,30 @@ COMMANDS
assets:bank:checking
Example: close revenue/expense accounts to retained earnings
Here, the opening transaction is supressed with --close, as it's proba-
bly not needed. Also you'll want to use a different equity account
name:
For this, use --close to suppress the opening transaction, as it's not
needed. Also you'll want to change the equity account name to your
equivalent of "equity:retained earnings".
$ hledger close -f 2021.journal -p 2021Q1 --close --close-acct='equity:retained earnings' revenues expenses >> 2021.journal
# close 2021 first quarter revenues/expenses
Closing 2021's first quarter revenues/expenses:
Or, operating on the default journal:
$ hledger close -f 2021.journal --close revenues expenses -p 2021Q1 \
--close-acct='equity:retained earnings' >> 2021.journal
$ hledger close -p Q1 --close --close-acct='equity:retained earnings' revenues expenses >> $LEDGER_FILE
# close current year's first quarter revenues/expenses
The same, using the default journal and current year:
Now, eg:
$ hledger close --close revenues expenses -p Q1 \
--close-acct='equity:retained earnings' >> $LEDGER_FILE
Now, the first quarter's balance sheet should show a zero (unless you
are using @/@@ notation without equity postings):
$ hledger bse -p Q1
# Q1 full balance sheet, total should be zero
$ hledger is -p Q1 not:'retained earnings'
# Q1 income statement, must suppress the closing txn
And we must suppress the closing transaction to see the first quarter's
income statement (using the description; not:'retained earnings' won't
work here):
$ hledger is -p Q1 not:desc:'closing balances'
codes
codes
@ -3051,9 +3172,13 @@ COMMANDS
help
help
Show the hledger user manual in one of several formats, optionally
positioned at a given TOPIC (if possible). TOPIC is any heading, or
heading prefix, in the manual. Some examples: commands, print, 'auto
postings', periodic.
positioned at a given TOPIC (if possible).
TOPIC is any heading in the manual, or the start of any heading (but
not the middle). It is case insensitive.
Some examples: commands, print, forecast, "auto postings", "commodity
column".
This command shows the user manual built in to this hledger version.
It can be useful if the correct version of the hledger manual, or the
@ -4377,6 +4502,9 @@ JOURNAL FORMAT
commodity 1000.00000000 BTC
commodity 1 000.
The inferred commodity style can be overridden by supplying a command
line option.
Rounding
Amounts are stored internally as decimal numbers with up to 255 decimal
places, and displayed with the number of decimal places specified by
@ -4628,6 +4756,8 @@ JOURNAL FORMAT
links to more detailed docs.
direc- end subdi- purpose can affect (as of
tive directive rec- 2018/06)
tives
@ -4844,6 +4974,9 @@ JOURNAL FORMAT
Note hledger normally uses banker's rounding, so 0.5 displayed with
zero decimal digits is "0". (More at Commodity display style.)
Even in the presence of commodity directives, the commodity display
style can still be overridden by supplying a command line option.
Commodity error checking
In strict mode, enabled with the -s/--strict flag, hledger will report
an error if a commodity symbol is used that has not been declared by a
@ -4999,13 +5132,14 @@ JOURNAL FORMAT
receivables.)
Declaring account types
Generally, to make these reports work you should declare your top-level
accounts and their types, using account directives with type: tags.
The tag's value should be one of: Asset, Liability, Equity, Revenue,
Expense, Cash, A, L, E, R, X, C (all case insensitive). The type is
inherited by all subaccounts except where they override it. Here's a
complete example:
To make the balancesheet/balancesheetequity/cashflow/incomestatement
reports work, generally you should declare your top-level accounts, and
their types. For each top-level account, write an account directive,
with a type: tag. The tag's value can be any of Asset, Liability,
Equity, Revenue, Expense, Cash, or (for short) A, L, E, R, X, C (case
insensitive). An account's type is inherited by its subaccounts,
unless they declare a different type. Here's an example, declaring all
six account types:
account assets ; type: Asset
account assets:bank ; type: Cash
@ -5015,12 +5149,23 @@ JOURNAL FORMAT
account revenues ; type: Revenue
account expenses ; type: Expense
Auto-detected account types
If you happen to use common english top-level account names, you may
not need to declare account types, as they will be detected automati-
cally using the following rules:
There is also an older syntax, which is deprecated and will be dropped
soon (A, L, E, R or X separated from the account name by two or more
spaces):
If account's name matches this regular expression: | its type is:
account assets A
account liabilities L
account equity E
account revenues R
account expenses X
Auto-detected account types
hledger tries to find at least one top level account in each of the six
account types (Asset, Liability, Equity, Revenue, Expense, Cash). When
no accounts have been declared for a particular type, hledger tries to
auto-detect some accounts by name, using regular expressions:
If account's name matches this case insensitive regular expression:| its type is:
------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------
^assets?(:|$) |
and does not contain regexp (investment|receivable|:A/R|:fixed) | Cash
@ -5030,16 +5175,26 @@ JOURNAL FORMAT
^(income|revenue)s?(:|$) | Revenue
^expenses?(:|$) | Expense
Even so, explicit declarations may be a good idea, for clarity and pre-
dictability.
For people using standard english account names, this feature helps
hledger's high-level reports work out of the box with minimal configu-
ration.
Interference from auto-detected account types
If you assign any account type, it's a good idea to assign all of them,
to prevent any confusion from mixing declared and auto-detected types.
Although it's unlikely to happen in real life, here's an example: with
the following journal, balancesheetequity shows "liabilities" in both
Liabilities and Equity sections. Declaring another account as
type:Liability would fix it:
If you use non-english account names, you should declare account types
to make these reports work. And more generally, declaring accounts and
types is usually a good idea, for increased clarity and predictability
(and for the other benefits of account directives: error checking, dis-
play order, etc).
Notes:
o When any account is declared as some type, this disables auto-detec-
tion for that particular type.
o If you declare any account's type, it's a good idea to declare an
account for all six types, since a mix of declared and auto-detected
types can cause confusion. For example, here liabilities is declared
to be Equity, but would also be auto-detected as Liability, since no
Liability account is declared:
account liabilities ; type:Equity
@ -5048,17 +5203,6 @@ JOURNAL FORMAT
liabilities 1
equity -2
Old account type syntax
In some hledger journals you might instead see this old syntax (the
letters ALERX, separated from the account name by two or more spaces);
this is deprecated and may be removed soon:
account assets A
account liabilities L
account equity E
account revenues R
account expenses X
Account display order
Account directives also set the order in which accounts are displayed,
eg in reports, the hledger-ui accounts screen, and the hledger-web
@ -5340,45 +5484,71 @@ JOURNAL FORMAT
Forecasting with periodic transactions
The --forecast flag activates any periodic transaction rules in the
journal. They will generate temporary recurring transactions, which
are not saved in the journal, but will appear in all reports (eg
print). This can be useful for estimating balances into the future, or
experimenting with different scenarios. Or, it can be used as a data
entry aid: describe recurring transactions, and every so often copy the
output of print --forecast into the journal.
journal. These will generate temporary additional transactions, usu-
ally recurring and in the future, which will appear in all reports.
hledger print --forecast is a good way to see them.
These transactions will have an extra tag indicating which periodic
rule generated them: generated-transaction:~ PERIODICEXPR. And a simi-
lar, hidden tag (beginning with an underscore) which, because it's
never displayed by print, can be used to match transactions generated
"just now": _generated-transaction:~ PERIODICEXPR.
This can be useful for estimating balances into the future, perhaps
experimenting with different scenarios.
Periodic transactions are generated within some forecast period. By
default, this
It could also be useful for scripted data entry: you could describe
recurring transactions, and every so often copy the output of print
--forecast into the journal.
o begins on the later of
The generated transactions will have an extra tag, like generated-
transaction:~ PERIODICEXPR, indicating which periodic rule generated
them. There is also a similar, hidden tag, named _generated-transac-
tion:, which you can use to reliably match transactions generated "just
now" (rather than printed in the past).
o the report start date if specified with -b/-p/date:
The forecast transactions are generated within a forecast period, which
is independent of the report period. (Forecast period sets the bounds
for generated transactions, report period controls which transactions
are reported.) The forecast period begins on:
o the day after the latest normal (non-periodic) transaction in the
journal, or today if there are no normal transactions.
o the start date provided within --forecast's argument, if any
o ends on the report end date if specified with -e/-p/date:, or 6
months (180 days) from today.
o otherwise, the later of
This means that periodic transactions will begin only after the latest
recorded transaction. And a recorded transaction dated in the future
can prevent generation of periodic transactions. (You can avoid that
by writing the future transaction as a one-time periodic rule instead -
put tilde before the date, eg ~ YYYY-MM-DD ...).
o the report start date, if specified (with -b/-p/date:)
Or, you can set your own arbitrary "forecast period", which can overlap
recorded transactions, and need not be in the future, by providing an
option argument, like --forecast=PERIODEXPR. Note the equals sign is
required, a space won't work. PERIODEXPR is a period expression, which
can specify the start date, end date, or both, like in a date: query.
(See also hledger.1 -> Report start & end date). Some examples:
--forecast=202001-202004, --forecast=jan-, --forecast=2020.
o the day after the latest ordinary transaction in the journal, if
any
o otherwise today.
It ends on:
o the end date provided within --forecast's argument, if any
o otherwise, the report end date, if specified (with -e/-p/date:)
o otherwise 180 days (6 months) from today.
Note, this means that ordinary transactions will suppress periodic
transactions, by default; the periodic transactions will not start
until after the last ordinary transaction. This is usually convenient,
but you can get around it in two ways:
o If you need to record some transactions in the future, make them
periodic transactions (with a single occurrence, eg: ~ YYYY-MM-DD)
rather than ordinary transactions. That way they won't suppress
other periodic transactions.
o Or give --forecast a period expression argument. A forecast period
specified this way can overlap ordinary transactions, and need not be
in the future. Some things to note:
o You must use = between flag and argument; a space won't work.
o The period expression can specify the forecast period's start date,
end date, or both. See also Report start & end date.
o The period expression should not specify a report interval. (Each
periodic transaction rule specifies its own interval.)
Some examples: --forecast=202001-202004, --forecast=jan-, --fore-
cast=2021.
Budgeting with periodic transactions
With the --budget flag, currently supported by the balance command,
@ -5527,6 +5697,8 @@ CSV FORMAT
skip skip one or more header lines or matched CSV
records
fields list name CSV fields, assign them to hledger
fields
field assignment assign a value to one hledger field, with
@ -5542,8 +5714,6 @@ CSV FORMAT
date-format how to parse dates in CSV records
decimal-mark the decimal mark used in CSV amounts, if
ambiguous
newest-first disambiguate record order when there's only
one date
include inline another CSV rules file
@ -5914,7 +6084,8 @@ CSV FORMAT
o Interpolation strips outer whitespace (so a CSV value like " 1 "
becomes 1 when interpolated) (#1051).
o See also Tips below.
o Interpolations always refer to a CSV field - you can't interpolate a
hledger field. (See Referencing other fields below).
Field names
Here are the standard hledger field (and pseudo-field) names, which you
@ -7241,4 +7412,4 @@ SEE ALSO
hledger-1.22.99 August 2021 HLEDGER(1)
hledger-1.22.99 September 2021 HLEDGER(1)