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21
hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Close.txt
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@ -7,22 +7,21 @@ revenues/expenses to retained earnings at the end of a period.
_FLAGS _FLAGS
You can print just one of these transactions by using the --opening or You can print just one of these transactions by using the --close or
--closing flag. --open flag. You can customise their descriptions with the --close-desc
and --open-desc options.
One amountless posting to equity:opening/closing balances is added to One amountless posting to "equity:opening/closing balances" is added to
balance the transactions, by default. You can customise this account balance the transactions, by default. You can customise this account
name with the --close-to and --open-from options. (If you specify only name with --close-acct and --open-acct; if you specify only one of
one, it is used for both.) Similarly, you can customise the transaction these, it will be used for both.
descriptions with --close-desc and --open-desc.
With --x/--explicit, the equity posting's amount will be shown. And if With --x/--explicit, the equity posting's amount will be shown. And if
it involves multiple commodities, a posting for each commodity will be it involves multiple commodities, a posting for each commodity will be
shown (as with the print command). shown, as with the print command.
With --interleaved, the equity postings are shown next to the postings With --interleaved, the equity postings are shown next to the postings
they balance, which makes troubleshooting easier. (It can also generate they balance, which makes troubleshooting easier.
more postings.)
By default, transaction prices in the journal are ignored when By default, transaction prices in the journal are ignored when
generating the closing/opening transactions. With --show-costs, this generating the closing/opening transactions. With --show-costs, this
@ -70,8 +69,8 @@ command line:
Warning: we use >> here to append; be careful not to type a single > Warning: we use >> here to append; be careful not to type a single >
which would wipe your journal! which would wipe your journal!
$ hledger close -f 2018.journal -e 2019 assets liabilities --opening >>2019.journal $ hledger close -f 2018.journal -e 2019 assets liabilities --open >>2019.journal
$ hledger close -f 2018.journal -e 2019 assets liabilities --closing >>2018.journal $ hledger close -f 2018.journal -e 2019 assets liabilities --close >>2018.journal
Now: Now:

21
hledger/hledger.1
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@ -2715,24 +2715,23 @@ balances forward into a new journal file, or to close out
revenues/expenses to retained earnings at the end of a period. revenues/expenses to retained earnings at the end of a period.
.PP .PP
You can print just one of these transactions by using the You can print just one of these transactions by using the
\f[C]--opening\f[R] or \f[C]--closing\f[R] flag. \f[C]--close\f[R] or \f[C]--open\f[R] flag.
You can customise their descriptions with the \f[C]--close-desc\f[R] and
\f[C]--open-desc\f[R] options.
.PP .PP
One amountless posting to \f[C]equity:opening/closing balances\f[R] is One amountless posting to \[dq]equity:opening/closing balances\[dq] is
added to balance the transactions, by default. added to balance the transactions, by default.
You can customise this account name with the \f[C]--close-to\f[R] and You can customise this account name with \f[C]--close-acct\f[R] and
\f[C]--open-from\f[R] options. \f[C]--open-acct\f[R]; if you specify only one of these, it will be used
(If you specify only one, it is used for both.) Similarly, you can for both.
customise the transaction descriptions with \f[C]--close-desc\f[R] and
\f[C]--open-desc\f[R].
.PP .PP
With \f[C]--x/--explicit\f[R], the equity posting\[aq]s amount will be With \f[C]--x/--explicit\f[R], the equity posting\[aq]s amount will be
shown. shown.
And if it involves multiple commodities, a posting for each commodity And if it involves multiple commodities, a posting for each commodity
will be shown (as with the print command). will be shown, as with the print command.
.PP .PP
With \f[C]--interleaved\f[R], the equity postings are shown next to the With \f[C]--interleaved\f[R], the equity postings are shown next to the
postings they balance, which makes troubleshooting easier. postings they balance, which makes troubleshooting easier.
(It can also generate more postings.)
.PP .PP
By default, transaction prices in the journal are ignored when By default, transaction prices in the journal are ignored when
generating the closing/opening transactions. generating the closing/opening transactions.
@ -2789,8 +2788,8 @@ type a single \f[CI]>\f[I] which would wipe your journal!\f[R]
.IP .IP
.nf .nf
\f[C] \f[C]
$ hledger close -f 2018.journal -e 2019 assets liabilities --opening >>2019.journal $ hledger close -f 2018.journal -e 2019 assets liabilities --open >>2019.journal
$ hledger close -f 2018.journal -e 2019 assets liabilities --closing >>2018.journal $ hledger close -f 2018.journal -e 2019 assets liabilities --close >>2018.journal
\f[R] \f[R]
.fi .fi
.PP .PP

161
hledger/hledger.info
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@ -2213,22 +2213,21 @@ These can be added to your journal file(s), eg to bring asset/liability
balances forward into a new journal file, or to close out balances forward into a new journal file, or to close out
revenues/expenses to retained earnings at the end of a period. revenues/expenses to retained earnings at the end of a period.
You can print just one of these transactions by using the '--opening' You can print just one of these transactions by using the '--close'
or '--closing' flag. or '--open' flag. You can customise their descriptions with the
'--close-desc' and '--open-desc' options.
One amountless posting to 'equity:opening/closing balances' is added One amountless posting to "equity:opening/closing balances" is added
to balance the transactions, by default. You can customise this account to balance the transactions, by default. You can customise this account
name with the '--close-to' and '--open-from' options. (If you specify name with '--close-acct' and '--open-acct'; if you specify only one of
only one, it is used for both.) Similarly, you can customise the these, it will be used for both.
transaction descriptions with '--close-desc' and '--open-desc'.
With '--x/--explicit', the equity posting's amount will be shown. With '--x/--explicit', the equity posting's amount will be shown.
And if it involves multiple commodities, a posting for each commodity And if it involves multiple commodities, a posting for each commodity
will be shown (as with the print command). will be shown, as with the print command.
With '--interleaved', the equity postings are shown next to the With '--interleaved', the equity postings are shown next to the
postings they balance, which makes troubleshooting easier. (It can also postings they balance, which makes troubleshooting easier.
generate more postings.)
By default, transaction prices in the journal are ignored when By default, transaction prices in the journal are ignored when
generating the closing/opening transactions. With '--show-costs', this generating the closing/opening transactions. With '--show-costs', this
@ -2286,8 +2285,8 @@ command line:
_Warning: we use '>>' here to append; be careful not to type a single _Warning: we use '>>' here to append; be careful not to type a single
'>' which would wipe your journal!_ '>' which would wipe your journal!_
$ hledger close -f 2018.journal -e 2019 assets liabilities --opening >>2019.journal $ hledger close -f 2018.journal -e 2019 assets liabilities --open >>2019.journal
$ hledger close -f 2018.journal -e 2019 assets liabilities --closing >>2018.journal $ hledger close -f 2018.journal -e 2019 assets liabilities --close >>2018.journal
Now: Now:
@ -3320,76 +3319,76 @@ Node: check-dupes76317
Ref: #check-dupes76441 Ref: #check-dupes76441
Node: close76734 Node: close76734
Ref: #close76848 Ref: #close76848
Node: close usage78430 Node: close usage78377
Ref: #close-usage78523 Ref: #close-usage78470
Node: commodities81368 Node: commodities81310
Ref: #commodities81495 Ref: #commodities81437
Node: descriptions81577 Node: descriptions81519
Ref: #descriptions81705 Ref: #descriptions81647
Node: diff81886 Node: diff81828
Ref: #diff81992 Ref: #diff81934
Node: files83039 Node: files82981
Ref: #files83139 Ref: #files83081
Node: help83286 Node: help83228
Ref: #help83386 Ref: #help83328
Node: import84467 Node: import84409
Ref: #import84581 Ref: #import84523
Node: Importing balance assignments85474 Node: Importing balance assignments85416
Ref: #importing-balance-assignments85622 Ref: #importing-balance-assignments85564
Node: incomestatement86271 Node: incomestatement86213
Ref: #incomestatement86404 Ref: #incomestatement86346
Node: notes87808 Node: notes87750
Ref: #notes87921 Ref: #notes87863
Node: payees88047 Node: payees87989
Ref: #payees88153 Ref: #payees88095
Node: prices88311 Node: prices88253
Ref: #prices88417 Ref: #prices88359
Node: print88758 Node: print88700
Ref: #print88868 Ref: #print88810
Node: print-unique93512 Node: print-unique93454
Ref: #print-unique93638 Ref: #print-unique93580
Node: register93923 Node: register93865
Ref: #register94050 Ref: #register93992
Node: Custom register output98222 Node: Custom register output98164
Ref: #custom-register-output98351 Ref: #custom-register-output98293
Node: register-match99613 Node: register-match99555
Ref: #register-match99747 Ref: #register-match99689
Node: rewrite100098 Node: rewrite100040
Ref: #rewrite100213 Ref: #rewrite100155
Node: Re-write rules in a file102068 Node: Re-write rules in a file102010
Ref: #re-write-rules-in-a-file102202 Ref: #re-write-rules-in-a-file102144
Node: Diff output format103412 Node: Diff output format103354
Ref: #diff-output-format103581 Ref: #diff-output-format103523
Node: rewrite vs print --auto104673 Node: rewrite vs print --auto104615
Ref: #rewrite-vs.-print---auto104852 Ref: #rewrite-vs.-print---auto104794
Node: roi105408 Node: roi105350
Ref: #roi105506 Ref: #roi105448
Node: stats106518 Node: stats106460
Ref: #stats106617 Ref: #stats106559
Node: tags107405 Node: tags107347
Ref: #tags107503 Ref: #tags107445
Node: test107797 Node: test107739
Ref: #test107881 Ref: #test107823
Node: ADD-ON COMMANDS108628 Node: ADD-ON COMMANDS108570
Ref: #add-on-commands108738 Ref: #add-on-commands108680
Node: Official add-ons110026 Node: Official add-ons109968
Ref: #official-add-ons110166 Ref: #official-add-ons110108
Node: ui110246 Node: ui110188
Ref: #ui110333 Ref: #ui110275
Node: web110387 Node: web110329
Ref: #web110476 Ref: #web110418
Node: Third party add-ons110522 Node: Third party add-ons110464
Ref: #third-party-add-ons110697 Ref: #third-party-add-ons110639
Node: iadd110816 Node: iadd110758
Ref: #iadd110917 Ref: #iadd110859
Node: interest110999 Node: interest110941
Ref: #interest111108 Ref: #interest111050
Node: Experimental add-ons111203 Node: Experimental add-ons111145
Ref: #experimental-add-ons111355 Ref: #experimental-add-ons111297
Node: autosync111593 Node: autosync111535
Ref: #autosync111704 Ref: #autosync111646
Node: chart111943 Node: chart111885
Ref: #chart112048 Ref: #chart111990
 
End Tag Table End Tag Table

379
hledger/hledger.txt
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@ -1949,71 +1949,70 @@ COMMANDS
balances forward into a new journal file, or to close out revenues/ex- balances forward into a new journal file, or to close out revenues/ex-
penses to retained earnings at the end of a period. penses to retained earnings at the end of a period.
You can print just one of these transactions by using the --opening or You can print just one of these transactions by using the --close or
--closing flag. --open flag. You can customise their descriptions with the --close-
desc and --open-desc options.
One amountless posting to equity:opening/closing balances is added to One amountless posting to "equity:opening/closing balances" is added to
balance the transactions, by default. You can customise this account balance the transactions, by default. You can customise this account
name with the --close-to and --open-from options. (If you specify only name with --close-acct and --open-acct; if you specify only one of
one, it is used for both.) Similarly, you can customise the transaction these, it will be used for both.
descriptions with --close-desc and --open-desc.
With --x/--explicit, the equity posting's amount will be shown. And if With --x/--explicit, the equity posting's amount will be shown. And if
it involves multiple commodities, a posting for each commodity will be it involves multiple commodities, a posting for each commodity will be
shown (as with the print command). shown, as with the print command.
With --interleaved, the equity postings are shown next to the postings With --interleaved, the equity postings are shown next to the postings
they balance, which makes troubleshooting easier. (It can also gener- they balance, which makes troubleshooting easier.
ate more postings.)
By default, transaction prices in the journal are ignored when generat- By default, transaction prices in the journal are ignored when generat-
ing the closing/opening transactions. With --show-costs, this cost in- ing the closing/opening transactions. With --show-costs, this cost in-
formation is preserved, so that balance -B reports will be unchanged formation is preserved, so that balance -B reports will be unchanged
after the transition. Separate postings are generated for each cost in after the transition. Separate postings are generated for each cost in
each commodity. Note this can generate very large journal entries, if each commodity. Note this can generate very large journal entries, if
you have many foreign currency or investment transactions. you have many foreign currency or investment transactions.
close usage close usage
If you split your journal files by time (eg yearly), you will typically If you split your journal files by time (eg yearly), you will typically
run this command at the end of the year, and save the closing transac- run this command at the end of the year, and save the closing transac-
tion as last entry of the old file, and the opening transaction as the tion as last entry of the old file, and the opening transaction as the
first entry of the new file. This makes the files self contained, so first entry of the new file. This makes the files self contained, so
that correct balances are reported no matter which of them are loaded. that correct balances are reported no matter which of them are loaded.
Ie, if you load just one file, the balances are initialised correctly; Ie, if you load just one file, the balances are initialised correctly;
or if you load several files, the redundant closing/opening transac- or if you load several files, the redundant closing/opening transac-
tions cancel each other out. (They will show up in print or register tions cancel each other out. (They will show up in print or register
reports; you can exclude them with a query like not:desc:'(open- reports; you can exclude them with a query like not:desc:'(open-
ing|closing) balances'.) ing|closing) balances'.)
If you're running a business, you might also use this command to "close If you're running a business, you might also use this command to "close
the books" at the end of an accounting period, transferring income the books" at the end of an accounting period, transferring income
statement account balances to retained earnings. (You may want to statement account balances to retained earnings. (You may want to
change the equity account name to something like "equity:retained earn- change the equity account name to something like "equity:retained earn-
ings".) ings".)
By default, the closing transaction is dated yesterday, the balances By default, the closing transaction is dated yesterday, the balances
are calculated as of end of yesterday, and the opening transaction is are calculated as of end of yesterday, and the opening transaction is
dated today. To close on some other date, use: hledger close -e OPEN- dated today. To close on some other date, use: hledger close -e OPEN-
INGDATE. Eg, to close/open on the 2018/2019 boundary, use -e 2019. INGDATE. Eg, to close/open on the 2018/2019 boundary, use -e 2019.
You can also use -p or date:PERIOD (any starting date is ignored). You can also use -p or date:PERIOD (any starting date is ignored).
Both transactions will include balance assertions for the closed/re- Both transactions will include balance assertions for the closed/re-
opened accounts. You probably shouldn't use status or realness filters opened accounts. You probably shouldn't use status or realness filters
(like -C or -R or status:) with this command, or the generated balance (like -C or -R or status:) with this command, or the generated balance
assertions will depend on these flags. Likewise, if you run this com- assertions will depend on these flags. Likewise, if you run this com-
mand with --auto, the balance assertions will probably always require mand with --auto, the balance assertions will probably always require
--auto. --auto.
Examples: Examples:
Carrying asset/liability balances into a new file for 2019, all from Carrying asset/liability balances into a new file for 2019, all from
command line: command line:
Warning: we use >> here to append; be careful not to type a single > Warning: we use >> here to append; be careful not to type a single >
which would wipe your journal! which would wipe your journal!
$ hledger close -f 2018.journal -e 2019 assets liabilities --opening >>2019.journal $ hledger close -f 2018.journal -e 2019 assets liabilities --open >>2019.journal
$ hledger close -f 2018.journal -e 2019 assets liabilities --closing >>2018.journal $ hledger close -f 2018.journal -e 2019 assets liabilities --close >>2018.journal
Now: Now:
@ -2058,18 +2057,18 @@ COMMANDS
diff diff
diff diff
Compares a particular account's transactions in two input files. It Compares a particular account's transactions in two input files. It
shows any transactions to this account which are in one file but not in shows any transactions to this account which are in one file but not in
the other. the other.
More precisely, for each posting affecting this account in either file, More precisely, for each posting affecting this account in either file,
it looks for a corresponding posting in the other file which posts the it looks for a corresponding posting in the other file which posts the
same amount to the same account (ignoring date, description, etc.) same amount to the same account (ignoring date, description, etc.)
Since postings not transactions are compared, this also works when mul- Since postings not transactions are compared, this also works when mul-
tiple bank transactions have been combined into a single journal entry. tiple bank transactions have been combined into a single journal entry.
This is useful eg if you have downloaded an account's transactions from This is useful eg if you have downloaded an account's transactions from
your bank (eg as CSV data). When hledger and your bank disagree about your bank (eg as CSV data). When hledger and your bank disagree about
the account balance, you can compare the bank data with your journal to the account balance, you can compare the bank data with your journal to
find out the cause. find out the cause.
@ -2087,20 +2086,20 @@ COMMANDS
files files
files files
List all files included in the journal. With a REGEX argument, only List all files included in the journal. With a REGEX argument, only
file names matching the regular expression (case sensitive) are shown. file names matching the regular expression (case sensitive) are shown.
help help
help help
Show any of the hledger manuals. Show any of the hledger manuals.
The help command displays any of the main hledger manuals, in one of The help command displays any of the main hledger manuals, in one of
several ways. Run it with no argument to list the manuals, or provide several ways. Run it with no argument to list the manuals, or provide
a full or partial manual name to select one. a full or partial manual name to select one.
hledger manuals are available in several formats. hledger help will hledger manuals are available in several formats. hledger help will
use the first of these display methods that it finds: info, man, use the first of these display methods that it finds: info, man,
$PAGER, less, stdout (or when non-interactive, just stdout). You can $PAGER, less, stdout (or when non-interactive, just stdout). You can
force a particular viewer with the --info, --man, --pager, --cat flags. force a particular viewer with the --info, --man, --pager, --cat flags.
Examples: Examples:
@ -2127,9 +2126,9 @@ COMMANDS
import import
import import
Read new transactions added to each FILE since last run, and add them Read new transactions added to each FILE since last run, and add them
to the main journal file. Or with --dry-run, just print the transac- to the main journal file. Or with --dry-run, just print the transac-
tions that would be added. Or with --catchup, just mark all of the tions that would be added. Or with --catchup, just mark all of the
FILEs' transactions as imported, without actually importing any. FILEs' transactions as imported, without actually importing any.
The input files are specified as arguments - no need to write -f before The input files are specified as arguments - no need to write -f before
@ -2140,36 +2139,36 @@ COMMANDS
ing transactions are always added to the input files in increasing date ing transactions are always added to the input files in increasing date
order, and by saving .latest.FILE state files. order, and by saving .latest.FILE state files.
The --dry-run output is in journal format, so you can filter it, eg to The --dry-run output is in journal format, so you can filter it, eg to
see only uncategorised transactions: see only uncategorised transactions:
$ hledger import --dry ... | hledger -f- print unknown --ignore-assertions $ hledger import --dry ... | hledger -f- print unknown --ignore-assertions
Importing balance assignments Importing balance assignments
Entries added by import will have their posting amounts made explicit Entries added by import will have their posting amounts made explicit
(like hledger print -x). This means that any balance assignments in (like hledger print -x). This means that any balance assignments in
imported files must be evaluated; but, imported files don't get to see imported files must be evaluated; but, imported files don't get to see
the main file's account balances. As a result, importing entries with the main file's account balances. As a result, importing entries with
balance assignments (eg from an institution that provides only balances balance assignments (eg from an institution that provides only balances
and not posting amounts) will probably generate incorrect posting and not posting amounts) will probably generate incorrect posting
amounts. To avoid this problem, use print instead of import: amounts. To avoid this problem, use print instead of import:
$ hledger print IMPORTFILE [--new] >> $LEDGER_FILE $ hledger print IMPORTFILE [--new] >> $LEDGER_FILE
(If you think import should leave amounts implicit like print does, (If you think import should leave amounts implicit like print does,
please test it and send a pull request.) please test it and send a pull request.)
incomestatement incomestatement
incomestatement, is incomestatement, is
This command displays a simple income statement, showing revenues and This command displays a simple income statement, showing revenues and
expenses during a period. It assumes that these accounts are under a expenses during a period. It assumes that these accounts are under a
top-level revenue or income or expense account (case insensitive, plu- top-level revenue or income or expense account (case insensitive, plu-
ral forms also allowed). Note this report shows all account balances ral forms also allowed). Note this report shows all account balances
with normal positive sign (like conventional financial statements, un- with normal positive sign (like conventional financial statements, un-
like balance/print/register) (experimental). like balance/print/register) (experimental).
This command displays a simple income statement. It currently assumes This command displays a simple income statement. It currently assumes
that you have top-level accounts named income (or revenue) and expense that you have top-level accounts named income (or revenue) and expense
(plural forms also allowed.) (plural forms also allowed.)
$ hledger incomestatement $ hledger incomestatement
@ -2194,12 +2193,12 @@ COMMANDS
0 0
With a reporting interval, multiple columns will be shown, one for each With a reporting interval, multiple columns will be shown, one for each
report period. Normally incomestatement shows revenues/expenses per report period. Normally incomestatement shows revenues/expenses per
period, though as with multicolumn balance reports you can alter the period, though as with multicolumn balance reports you can alter the
report mode with --change/--cumulative/--historical. Instead of abso- report mode with --change/--cumulative/--historical. Instead of abso-
lute values percentages can be displayed with -%. lute values percentages can be displayed with -%.
This command also supports output destination and output format selec- This command also supports output destination and output format selec-
tion. tion.
notes notes
@ -2227,10 +2226,10 @@ COMMANDS
prices prices
prices prices
Print market price directives from the journal. With --costs, also Print market price directives from the journal. With --costs, also
print synthetic market prices based on transaction prices. With --in- print synthetic market prices based on transaction prices. With --in-
verted-costs, also print inverse prices based on transaction prices. verted-costs, also print inverse prices based on transaction prices.
Prices (and postings providing prices) can be filtered by a query. Prices (and postings providing prices) can be filtered by a query.
Price amounts are always displayed with their full precision. Price amounts are always displayed with their full precision.
print print
@ -2238,11 +2237,11 @@ COMMANDS
Show transaction journal entries, sorted by date. Show transaction journal entries, sorted by date.
The print command displays full journal entries (transactions) from the The print command displays full journal entries (transactions) from the
journal file in date order, tidily formatted. With --date2, transac- journal file in date order, tidily formatted. With --date2, transac-
tions are sorted by secondary date instead. tions are sorted by secondary date instead.
print's output is always a valid hledger journal. print's output is always a valid hledger journal.
It preserves all transaction information, but it does not preserve di- It preserves all transaction information, but it does not preserve di-
rectives or inter-transaction comments rectives or inter-transaction comments
$ hledger print $ hledger print
@ -2269,41 +2268,41 @@ COMMANDS
Normally, the journal entry's explicit or implicit amount style is pre- Normally, the journal entry's explicit or implicit amount style is pre-
served. For example, when an amount is omitted in the journal, it will served. For example, when an amount is omitted in the journal, it will
not appear in the output. Similarly, when a transaction price is im- not appear in the output. Similarly, when a transaction price is im-
plied but not written, it will not appear in the output. You can use plied but not written, it will not appear in the output. You can use
the -x/--explicit flag to make all amounts and transaction prices ex- the -x/--explicit flag to make all amounts and transaction prices ex-
plicit, which can be useful for troubleshooting or for making your plicit, which can be useful for troubleshooting or for making your
journal more readable and robust against data entry errors. journal more readable and robust against data entry errors.
Note, -x/--explicit will cause postings with a multi-commodity amount Note, -x/--explicit will cause postings with a multi-commodity amount
(these can arise when a multi-commodity transaction has an implicit (these can arise when a multi-commodity transaction has an implicit
amount) to be split into multiple single-commodity postings, keeping amount) to be split into multiple single-commodity postings, keeping
the output parseable. the output parseable.
With -B/--cost, amounts with transaction prices are converted to cost With -B/--cost, amounts with transaction prices are converted to cost
using that price. This can be used for troubleshooting. using that price. This can be used for troubleshooting.
With -m/--match and a STR argument, print will show at most one trans- With -m/--match and a STR argument, print will show at most one trans-
action: the one one whose description is most similar to STR, and is action: the one one whose description is most similar to STR, and is
most recent. STR should contain at least two characters. If there is most recent. STR should contain at least two characters. If there is
no similar-enough match, no transaction will be shown. no similar-enough match, no transaction will be shown.
With --new, for each FILE being read, hledger reads (and writes) a spe- With --new, for each FILE being read, hledger reads (and writes) a spe-
cial state file (.latest.FILE in the same directory), containing the cial state file (.latest.FILE in the same directory), containing the
latest transaction date(s) that were seen last time FILE was read. latest transaction date(s) that were seen last time FILE was read.
When this file is found, only transactions with newer dates (and new When this file is found, only transactions with newer dates (and new
transactions on the latest date) are printed. This is useful for ig- transactions on the latest date) are printed. This is useful for ig-
noring already-seen entries in import data, such as downloaded CSV noring already-seen entries in import data, such as downloaded CSV
files. Eg: files. Eg:
$ hledger -f bank1.csv print --new $ hledger -f bank1.csv print --new
# shows transactions added since last print --new on this file # shows transactions added since last print --new on this file
This assumes that transactions added to FILE always have same or in- This assumes that transactions added to FILE always have same or in-
creasing dates, and that transactions on the same day do not get re- creasing dates, and that transactions on the same day do not get re-
ordered. See also the import command. ordered. See also the import command.
This command also supports output destination and output format selec- This command also supports output destination and output format selec-
tion. Here's an example of print's CSV output: tion. Here's an example of print's CSV output:
$ hledger print -Ocsv $ hledger print -Ocsv
@ -2320,20 +2319,20 @@ COMMANDS
"5","2008/12/31","","*","","pay off","","liabilities:debts","1","$","","1","","" "5","2008/12/31","","*","","pay off","","liabilities:debts","1","$","","1","",""
"5","2008/12/31","","*","","pay off","","assets:bank:checking","-1","$","1","","","" "5","2008/12/31","","*","","pay off","","assets:bank:checking","-1","$","1","","",""
o There is one CSV record per posting, with the parent transaction's o There is one CSV record per posting, with the parent transaction's
fields repeated. fields repeated.
o The "txnidx" (transaction index) field shows which postings belong to o The "txnidx" (transaction index) field shows which postings belong to
the same transaction. (This number might change if transactions are the same transaction. (This number might change if transactions are
reordered within the file, files are parsed/included in a different reordered within the file, files are parsed/included in a different
order, etc.) order, etc.)
o The amount is separated into "commodity" (the symbol) and "amount" o The amount is separated into "commodity" (the symbol) and "amount"
(numeric quantity) fields. (numeric quantity) fields.
o The numeric amount is repeated in either the "credit" or "debit" col- o The numeric amount is repeated in either the "credit" or "debit" col-
umn, for convenience. (Those names are not accurate in the account- umn, for convenience. (Those names are not accurate in the account-
ing sense; it just puts negative amounts under credit and zero or ing sense; it just puts negative amounts under credit and zero or
greater amounts under debit.) greater amounts under debit.)
print-unique print-unique
@ -2357,7 +2356,7 @@ COMMANDS
Show postings and their running total. Show postings and their running total.
The register command displays postings in date order, one per line, and The register command displays postings in date order, one per line, and
their running total. This is typically used with a query selecting a their running total. This is typically used with a query selecting a
particular account, to see that account's activity: particular account, to see that account's activity:
$ hledger register checking $ hledger register checking
@ -2368,8 +2367,8 @@ COMMANDS
With --date2, it shows and sorts by secondary date instead. With --date2, it shows and sorts by secondary date instead.
The --historical/-H flag adds the balance from any undisplayed prior The --historical/-H flag adds the balance from any undisplayed prior
postings to the running total. This is useful when you want to see postings to the running total. This is useful when you want to see
only recent activity, with a historically accurate running balance: only recent activity, with a historically accurate running balance:
$ hledger register checking -b 2008/6 --historical $ hledger register checking -b 2008/6 --historical
@ -2379,18 +2378,18 @@ COMMANDS
The --depth option limits the amount of sub-account detail displayed. The --depth option limits the amount of sub-account detail displayed.
The --average/-A flag shows the running average posting amount instead The --average/-A flag shows the running average posting amount instead
of the running total (so, the final number displayed is the average for of the running total (so, the final number displayed is the average for
the whole report period). This flag implies --empty (see below). It the whole report period). This flag implies --empty (see below). It
is affected by --historical. It works best when showing just one ac- is affected by --historical. It works best when showing just one ac-
count and one commodity. count and one commodity.
The --related/-r flag shows the other postings in the transactions of The --related/-r flag shows the other postings in the transactions of
the postings which would normally be shown. the postings which would normally be shown.
The --invert flag negates all amounts. For example, it can be used on The --invert flag negates all amounts. For example, it can be used on
an income account where amounts are normally displayed as negative num- an income account where amounts are normally displayed as negative num-
bers. It's also useful to show postings on the checking account to- bers. It's also useful to show postings on the checking account to-
gether with the related account: gether with the related account:
$ hledger register --related --invert assets:checking $ hledger register --related --invert assets:checking
@ -2402,7 +2401,7 @@ COMMANDS
2008/01 income:salary $-1 $-1 2008/01 income:salary $-1 $-1
2008/06 income:gifts $-1 $-2 2008/06 income:gifts $-1 $-2
Periods with no activity, and summary postings with a zero amount, are Periods with no activity, and summary postings with a zero amount, are
not shown by default; use the --empty/-E flag to see them: not shown by default; use the --empty/-E flag to see them:
$ hledger register --monthly income -E $ hledger register --monthly income -E
@ -2419,7 +2418,7 @@ COMMANDS
2008/11 0 $-2 2008/11 0 $-2
2008/12 0 $-2 2008/12 0 $-2
Often, you'll want to see just one line per interval. The --depth op- Often, you'll want to see just one line per interval. The --depth op-
tion helps with this, causing subaccounts to be aggregated: tion helps with this, causing subaccounts to be aggregated:
$ hledger register --monthly assets --depth 1h $ hledger register --monthly assets --depth 1h
@ -2427,17 +2426,17 @@ COMMANDS
2008/06 assets $-1 0 2008/06 assets $-1 0
2008/12 assets $-1 $-1 2008/12 assets $-1 $-1
Note when using report intervals, if you specify start/end dates these Note when using report intervals, if you specify start/end dates these
will be adjusted outward if necessary to contain a whole number of in- will be adjusted outward if necessary to contain a whole number of in-
tervals. This ensures that the first and last intervals are full tervals. This ensures that the first and last intervals are full
length and comparable to the others in the report. length and comparable to the others in the report.
Custom register output Custom register output
register uses the full terminal width by default, except on windows. register uses the full terminal width by default, except on windows.
You can override this by setting the COLUMNS environment variable (not You can override this by setting the COLUMNS environment variable (not
a bash shell variable) or by using the --width/-w option. a bash shell variable) or by using the --width/-w option.
The description and account columns normally share the space equally The description and account columns normally share the space equally
(about half of (width - 40) each). You can adjust this by adding a de- (about half of (width - 40) each). You can adjust this by adding a de-
scription width as part of --width's argument, comma-separated: --width scription width as part of --width's argument, comma-separated: --width
W,D . Here's a diagram (won't display correctly in --help): W,D . Here's a diagram (won't display correctly in --help):
@ -2455,27 +2454,27 @@ COMMANDS
$ hledger reg -w 100,40 # set overall width 100, description width 40 $ hledger reg -w 100,40 # set overall width 100, description width 40
$ hledger reg -w $COLUMNS,40 # use terminal width, & description width 40 $ hledger reg -w $COLUMNS,40 # use terminal width, & description width 40
This command also supports output destination and output format selec- This command also supports output destination and output format selec-
tion. tion.
register-match register-match
register-match register-match
Print the one posting whose transaction description is closest to DESC, Print the one posting whose transaction description is closest to DESC,
in the style of the register command. If there are multiple equally in the style of the register command. If there are multiple equally
good matches, it shows the most recent. Query options (options, not good matches, it shows the most recent. Query options (options, not
arguments) can be used to restrict the search space. Helps ledger-au- arguments) can be used to restrict the search space. Helps ledger-au-
tosync detect already-seen transactions when importing. tosync detect already-seen transactions when importing.
rewrite rewrite
rewrite rewrite
Print all transactions, rewriting the postings of matched transactions. Print all transactions, rewriting the postings of matched transactions.
For now the only rewrite available is adding new postings, like print For now the only rewrite available is adding new postings, like print
--auto. --auto.
This is a start at a generic rewriter of transaction entries. It reads This is a start at a generic rewriter of transaction entries. It reads
the default journal and prints the transactions, like print, but adds the default journal and prints the transactions, like print, but adds
one or more specified postings to any transactions matching QUERY. The one or more specified postings to any transactions matching QUERY. The
posting amounts can be fixed, or a multiplier of the existing transac- posting amounts can be fixed, or a multiplier of the existing transac-
tion's first posting amount. tion's first posting amount.
Examples: Examples:
@ -2491,7 +2490,7 @@ COMMANDS
(reserve:grocery) *0.25 ; reserve 25% for grocery (reserve:grocery) *0.25 ; reserve 25% for grocery
(reserve:) *0.25 ; reserve 25% for grocery (reserve:) *0.25 ; reserve 25% for grocery
Note the single quotes to protect the dollar sign from bash, and the Note the single quotes to protect the dollar sign from bash, and the
two spaces between account and amount. two spaces between account and amount.
More: More:
@ -2501,16 +2500,16 @@ COMMANDS
$ hledger rewrite -- expenses:gifts --add-posting '(budget:gifts) *-1"' $ hledger rewrite -- expenses:gifts --add-posting '(budget:gifts) *-1"'
$ hledger rewrite -- ^income --add-posting '(budget:foreign currency) *0.25 JPY; diversify' $ hledger rewrite -- ^income --add-posting '(budget:foreign currency) *0.25 JPY; diversify'
Argument for --add-posting option is a usual posting of transaction Argument for --add-posting option is a usual posting of transaction
with an exception for amount specification. More precisely, you can with an exception for amount specification. More precisely, you can
use '*' (star symbol) before the amount to indicate that that this is a use '*' (star symbol) before the amount to indicate that that this is a
factor for an amount of original matched posting. If the amount in- factor for an amount of original matched posting. If the amount in-
cludes a commodity name, the new posting amount will be in the new com- cludes a commodity name, the new posting amount will be in the new com-
modity; otherwise, it will be in the matched posting amount's commod- modity; otherwise, it will be in the matched posting amount's commod-
ity. ity.
Re-write rules in a file Re-write rules in a file
During the run this tool will execute so called "Automated Transac- During the run this tool will execute so called "Automated Transac-
tions" found in any journal it process. I.e instead of specifying this tions" found in any journal it process. I.e instead of specifying this
operations in command line you can put them in a journal file. operations in command line you can put them in a journal file.
@ -2525,7 +2524,7 @@ COMMANDS
budget:gifts *-1 budget:gifts *-1
assets:budget *1 assets:budget *1
Note that '=' (equality symbol) that is used instead of date in trans- Note that '=' (equality symbol) that is used instead of date in trans-
actions you usually write. It indicates the query by which you want to actions you usually write. It indicates the query by which you want to
match the posting to add new ones. match the posting to add new ones.
@ -2538,12 +2537,12 @@ COMMANDS
--add-posting 'assets:budget *1' \ --add-posting 'assets:budget *1' \
> rewritten-tidy-output.journal > rewritten-tidy-output.journal
It is important to understand that relative order of such entries in It is important to understand that relative order of such entries in
journal is important. You can re-use result of previously added post- journal is important. You can re-use result of previously added post-
ings. ings.
Diff output format Diff output format
To use this tool for batch modification of your journal files you may To use this tool for batch modification of your journal files you may
find useful output in form of unified diff. find useful output in form of unified diff.
$ hledger rewrite -- --diff -f examples/sample.journal '^income' --add-posting '(liabilities:tax) *.33' $ hledger rewrite -- --diff -f examples/sample.journal '^income' --add-posting '(liabilities:tax) *.33'
@ -2567,10 +2566,10 @@ COMMANDS
If you'll pass this through patch tool you'll get transactions contain- If you'll pass this through patch tool you'll get transactions contain-
ing the posting that matches your query be updated. Note that multiple ing the posting that matches your query be updated. Note that multiple
files might be update according to list of input files specified via files might be update according to list of input files specified via
--file options and include directives inside of these files. --file options and include directives inside of these files.
Be careful. Whole transaction being re-formatted in a style of output Be careful. Whole transaction being re-formatted in a style of output
from hledger print. from hledger print.
See also: See also:
@ -2578,48 +2577,48 @@ COMMANDS
https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/issues/99 https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/issues/99
rewrite vs. print --auto rewrite vs. print --auto
This command predates print --auto, and currently does much the same This command predates print --auto, and currently does much the same
thing, but with these differences: thing, but with these differences:
o with multiple files, rewrite lets rules in any file affect all other o with multiple files, rewrite lets rules in any file affect all other
files. print --auto uses standard directive scoping; rules affect files. print --auto uses standard directive scoping; rules affect
only child files. only child files.
o rewrite's query limits which transactions can be rewritten; all are o rewrite's query limits which transactions can be rewritten; all are
printed. print --auto's query limits which transactions are printed. printed. print --auto's query limits which transactions are printed.
o rewrite applies rules specified on command line or in the journal. o rewrite applies rules specified on command line or in the journal.
print --auto applies rules specified in the journal. print --auto applies rules specified in the journal.
roi roi
roi roi
Shows the time-weighted (TWR) and money-weighted (IRR) rate of return Shows the time-weighted (TWR) and money-weighted (IRR) rate of return
on your investments. on your investments.
This command assumes that you have account(s) that hold nothing but This command assumes that you have account(s) that hold nothing but
your investments and whenever you record current appraisal/valuation of your investments and whenever you record current appraisal/valuation of
these investments you offset unrealized profit and loss into account(s) these investments you offset unrealized profit and loss into account(s)
that, again, hold nothing but unrealized profit and loss. that, again, hold nothing but unrealized profit and loss.
Any transactions affecting balance of investment account(s) and not Any transactions affecting balance of investment account(s) and not
originating from unrealized profit and loss account(s) are assumed to originating from unrealized profit and loss account(s) are assumed to
be your investments or withdrawals. be your investments or withdrawals.
At a minimum, you need to supply a query (which could be just an ac- At a minimum, you need to supply a query (which could be just an ac-
count name) to select your investments with --inv, and another query to count name) to select your investments with --inv, and another query to
identify your profit and loss transactions with --pnl. identify your profit and loss transactions with --pnl.
It will compute and display the internalized rate of return (IRR) and It will compute and display the internalized rate of return (IRR) and
time-weighted rate of return (TWR) for your investments for the time time-weighted rate of return (TWR) for your investments for the time
period requested. Both rates of return are annualized before display, period requested. Both rates of return are annualized before display,
regardless of the length of reporting interval. regardless of the length of reporting interval.
stats stats
stats stats
Show some journal statistics. Show some journal statistics.
The stats command displays summary information for the whole journal, The stats command displays summary information for the whole journal,
or a matched part of it. With a reporting interval, it shows a report or a matched part of it. With a reporting interval, it shows a report
for each report period. for each report period.
Example: Example:
@ -2637,14 +2636,14 @@ COMMANDS
Commodities : 1 ($) Commodities : 1 ($)
Market prices : 12 ($) Market prices : 12 ($)
This command also supports output destination and output format selec- This command also supports output destination and output format selec-
tion. tion.
tags tags
tags tags
List all the tag names used in the journal. With a TAGREGEX argument, List all the tag names used in the journal. With a TAGREGEX argument,
only tag names matching the regular expression (case insensitive) are only tag names matching the regular expression (case insensitive) are
shown. With QUERY arguments, only transactions matching the query are shown. With QUERY arguments, only transactions matching the query are
considered. With --values flag, the tags' unique values are listed in- considered. With --values flag, the tags' unique values are listed in-
stead. stead.
@ -2652,13 +2651,13 @@ COMMANDS
test test
Run built-in unit tests. Run built-in unit tests.
This command runs the unit tests built in to hledger and hledger-lib, This command runs the unit tests built in to hledger and hledger-lib,
printing the results on stdout. If any test fails, the exit code will printing the results on stdout. If any test fails, the exit code will
be non-zero. be non-zero.
This is mainly used by hledger developers, but you can also use it to This is mainly used by hledger developers, but you can also use it to
sanity-check the installed hledger executable on your platform. All sanity-check the installed hledger executable on your platform. All
tests are expected to pass - if you ever see a failure, please report tests are expected to pass - if you ever see a failure, please report
as a bug! as a bug!
This command also accepts tasty test runner options, written after a -- This command also accepts tasty test runner options, written after a --
@ -2667,32 +2666,32 @@ COMMANDS
$ hledger test -- -pData.Amount --color=never $ hledger test -- -pData.Amount --color=never
For help on these, see https://github.com/feuerbach/tasty#options (-- For help on these, see https://github.com/feuerbach/tasty#options (--
--help currently doesn't show them). --help currently doesn't show them).
ADD-ON COMMANDS ADD-ON COMMANDS
hledger also searches for external add-on commands, and will include hledger also searches for external add-on commands, and will include
these in the commands list. These are programs or scripts in your PATH these in the commands list. These are programs or scripts in your PATH
whose name starts with hledger- and ends with a recognised file exten- whose name starts with hledger- and ends with a recognised file exten-
sion (currently: no extension, bat,com,exe, hs,lhs,pl,py,rb,rkt,sh). sion (currently: no extension, bat,com,exe, hs,lhs,pl,py,rb,rkt,sh).
Add-ons can be invoked like any hledger command, but there are a few Add-ons can be invoked like any hledger command, but there are a few
things to be aware of. Eg if the hledger-web add-on is installed, things to be aware of. Eg if the hledger-web add-on is installed,
o hledger -h web shows hledger's help, while hledger web -h shows o hledger -h web shows hledger's help, while hledger web -h shows
hledger-web's help. hledger-web's help.
o Flags specific to the add-on must have a preceding -- to hide them o Flags specific to the add-on must have a preceding -- to hide them
from hledger. So hledger web --serve --port 9000 will be rejected; from hledger. So hledger web --serve --port 9000 will be rejected;
you must use hledger web -- --serve --port 9000. you must use hledger web -- --serve --port 9000.
o You can always run add-ons directly if preferred: hledger-web --serve o You can always run add-ons directly if preferred: hledger-web --serve
--port 9000. --port 9000.
Add-ons are a relatively easy way to add local features or experiment Add-ons are a relatively easy way to add local features or experiment
with new ideas. They can be written in any language, but haskell with new ideas. They can be written in any language, but haskell
scripts have a big advantage: they can use the same hledger (and scripts have a big advantage: they can use the same hledger (and
haskell) library functions that built-in commands do, for command-line haskell) library functions that built-in commands do, for command-line
options, journal parsing, reporting, etc. options, journal parsing, reporting, etc.
Here are some hledger add-ons available: Here are some hledger add-ons available:
@ -2707,7 +2706,7 @@ ADD-ON COMMANDS
hledger-web provides a simple web interface. hledger-web provides a simple web interface.
Third party add-ons Third party add-ons
These are maintained separately, and usually updated shortly after a These are maintained separately, and usually updated shortly after a
hledger release. hledger release.
iadd iadd
@ -2719,35 +2718,35 @@ ADD-ON COMMANDS
ing to various schemes. ing to various schemes.
Experimental add-ons Experimental add-ons
These are available in source form in the hledger repo's bin/ direc- These are available in source form in the hledger repo's bin/ direc-
tory. They may be less mature and documented than built-in commands. tory. They may be less mature and documented than built-in commands.
Reading and tweaking these is a good way to start making your own! Reading and tweaking these is a good way to start making your own!
autosync autosync
hledger-autosync is a symbolic link for easily running ledger-autosync, hledger-autosync is a symbolic link for easily running ledger-autosync,
if installed. ledger-autosync does deduplicating conversion of OFX if installed. ledger-autosync does deduplicating conversion of OFX
data and some CSV formats, and can also download the data if your bank data and some CSV formats, and can also download the data if your bank
offers OFX Direct Connect. offers OFX Direct Connect.
chart chart
hledger-chart.hs is an old very basic pie chart generator. hledger-chart.hs is an old very basic pie chart generator.
ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT
COLUMNS The screen width used by the register command. Default: the COLUMNS The screen width used by the register command. Default: the
full terminal width. full terminal width.
LEDGER_FILE The journal file path when not specified with -f. Default: LEDGER_FILE The journal file path when not specified with -f. Default:
~/.hledger.journal (on windows, perhaps C:/Users/USER/.hledger.jour- ~/.hledger.journal (on windows, perhaps C:/Users/USER/.hledger.jour-
nal). nal).
FILES FILES
Reads data from one or more files in hledger journal, timeclock, time- Reads data from one or more files in hledger journal, timeclock, time-
dot, or CSV format specified with -f, or $LEDGER_FILE, or dot, or CSV format specified with -f, or $LEDGER_FILE, or
$HOME/.hledger.journal (on windows, perhaps $HOME/.hledger.journal (on windows, perhaps
C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal). C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal).
LIMITATIONS LIMITATIONS
The need to precede addon command options with -- when invoked from The need to precede addon command options with -- when invoked from
hledger is awkward. hledger is awkward.
When input data contains non-ascii characters, a suitable system locale When input data contains non-ascii characters, a suitable system locale
@ -2763,33 +2762,33 @@ LIMITATIONS
In a Cygwin/MSYS/Mintty window, the tab key is not supported in hledger In a Cygwin/MSYS/Mintty window, the tab key is not supported in hledger
add. add.
Not all of Ledger's journal file syntax is supported. See file format Not all of Ledger's journal file syntax is supported. See file format
differences. differences.
On large data files, hledger is slower and uses more memory than On large data files, hledger is slower and uses more memory than
Ledger. Ledger.
TROUBLESHOOTING TROUBLESHOOTING
Here are some issues you might encounter when you run hledger (and re- Here are some issues you might encounter when you run hledger (and re-
member you can also seek help from the IRC channel, mail list or bug member you can also seek help from the IRC channel, mail list or bug
tracker): tracker):
Successfully installed, but "No command 'hledger' found" Successfully installed, but "No command 'hledger' found"
stack and cabal install binaries into a special directory, which should stack and cabal install binaries into a special directory, which should
be added to your PATH environment variable. Eg on unix-like systems, be added to your PATH environment variable. Eg on unix-like systems,
that is ~/.local/bin and ~/.cabal/bin respectively. that is ~/.local/bin and ~/.cabal/bin respectively.
I set a custom LEDGER_FILE, but hledger is still using the default file I set a custom LEDGER_FILE, but hledger is still using the default file
LEDGER_FILE should be a real environment variable, not just a shell LEDGER_FILE should be a real environment variable, not just a shell
variable. The command env | grep LEDGER_FILE should show it. You may variable. The command env | grep LEDGER_FILE should show it. You may
need to use export. Here's an explanation. need to use export. Here's an explanation.
"Illegal byte sequence" or "Invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide "Illegal byte sequence" or "Invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide
character" errors character" errors
In order to handle non-ascii letters and symbols (like ), hledger needs In order to handle non-ascii letters and symbols (like ), hledger needs
an appropriate locale. This is usually configured system-wide; you can an appropriate locale. This is usually configured system-wide; you can
also configure it temporarily. The locale may need to be one that sup- also configure it temporarily. The locale may need to be one that sup-
ports UTF-8, if you built hledger with GHC < 7.2 (or possibly always, ports UTF-8, if you built hledger with GHC < 7.2 (or possibly always,
I'm not sure yet). I'm not sure yet).
Here's an example of setting the locale temporarily, on ubuntu Here's an example of setting the locale temporarily, on ubuntu
@ -2808,7 +2807,7 @@ TROUBLESHOOTING
$ echo "export LANG=en_US.UTF-8" >>~/.bash_profile $ echo "export LANG=en_US.UTF-8" >>~/.bash_profile
$ bash --login $ bash --login
If we preferred to use eg fr_FR.utf8, we might have to install that If we preferred to use eg fr_FR.utf8, we might have to install that
first: first:
$ apt-get install language-pack-fr $ apt-get install language-pack-fr
@ -2829,7 +2828,7 @@ TROUBLESHOOTING
REPORTING BUGS REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs at http://bugs.hledger.org (or on the #hledger IRC channel Report bugs at http://bugs.hledger.org (or on the #hledger IRC channel
or hledger mail list) or hledger mail list)
@ -2843,7 +2842,7 @@ COPYRIGHT
SEE ALSO SEE ALSO
hledger(1), hledger-ui(1), hledger-web(1), hledger-api(1), hledger(1), hledger-ui(1), hledger-web(1), hledger-api(1),
hledger_csv(5), hledger_journal(5), hledger_timeclock(5), hledger_time- hledger_csv(5), hledger_journal(5), hledger_timeclock(5), hledger_time-
dot(5), ledger(1) dot(5), ledger(1)