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;bal: doc: tweak

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(cherry picked from commit 1dda703651ffe64dcf14c6a026fdead836224d1b)
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Simon Michael 2021-01-10 15:49:13 -08:00
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hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Balance.md
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@ -96,130 +96,6 @@ Each group of sibling accounts is sorted separately,
by [declaration order](https://hledger.org/hledger.html#declaring-accounts) by [declaration order](https://hledger.org/hledger.html#declaring-accounts)
and then by account name. and then by account name.
### Customising single-period balance reports
You can customise the layout of single-period balance reports with `--format FMT`,
which sets the format of each line. Eg:
```shell
$ hledger balance --format "%20(account) %12(total)"
assets $-1
bank:saving $1
cash $-2
expenses $2
food $1
supplies $1
income $-2
gifts $-1
salary $-1
liabilities:debts $1
---------------------------------
0
```
The FMT format string (plus a newline) specifies the formatting
applied to each account/balance pair. It may contain any suitable
text, with data fields interpolated like so:
`%[MIN][.MAX](FIELDNAME)`
- MIN pads with spaces to at least this width (optional)
- MAX truncates at this width (optional)
- FIELDNAME must be enclosed in parentheses, and can be one of:
- `depth_spacer` - a number of spaces equal to the account's depth, or if MIN is specified, MIN * depth spaces.
- `account` - the account's name
- `total` - the account's balance/posted total, right justified
Also, FMT can begin with an optional prefix to control how
multi-commodity amounts are rendered:
- `%_` - render on multiple lines, bottom-aligned (the default)
- `%^` - render on multiple lines, top-aligned
- `%,` - render on one line, comma-separated
There are some quirks. Eg in one-line mode, `%(depth_spacer)` has no
effect, instead `%(account)` has indentation built in.
<!-- XXX retest:
Consistent column widths are not well enforced, causing ragged edges unless you set suitable widths.
Beware of specifying a maximum width; it will clip account names and amounts that are too wide, with no visible indication.
-->
Experimentation may be needed to get pleasing results.
Some example formats:
- `%(total)` - the account's total
- `%-20.20(account)` - the account's name, left justified, padded to 20 characters and clipped at 20 characters
- `%,%-50(account) %25(total)` - account name padded to 50 characters, total padded to 20 characters, with multiple commodities rendered on one line
- `%20(total) %2(depth_spacer)%-(account)` - the default format for the single-column balance report
### Depth limiting
With a `depth:N` query, or `--depth N` option, or just `-N`,
balance reports will show accounts only to the specified depth.
This is very useful to hide low-level accounts and get an overview.
Eg, limiting to depth 1 shows the top-level accounts:
```shell
$ hledger balance -N -1
$-1 assets
$2 expenses
$-2 income
$1 liabilities
```
Accounts at the depth limit will include the balances of any hidden subaccounts
(even in flat mode, which normally shows exclusive balances).
You can also drop account name components from the start of account names,
using `--drop N`. This can be useful to hide unwanted top-level detail.
### Colour support
In terminal output, when colour is enabled, the balance command shows negative amounts in red.
### Sorting by amount
With `-S`/`--sort-amount`, accounts with the largest (most positive) balances are shown first.
For example, `hledger bal expenses -MAS` shows your biggest averaged monthly expenses first.
Revenues and liability balances are typically negative, however, so `-S` shows these in reverse order.
To work around this, you can add `--invert` to flip the signs.
Or, use one of the sign-flipping reports like `balancesheet` or `incomestatement`,
which also support `-S`. Eg: `hledger is -MAS`.
### Percentages
With `-%` or `--percent`, balance reports show each account's value expressed
as a percentage of the column's total. This is useful to get an overview of
the relative sizes of account balances. For example to obtain an overview of
expenses:
```shell
$ hledger balance expenses -%
100.0 % expenses
50.0 % food
50.0 % supplies
--------------------
100.0 %
```
Note that `--tree` does not have an effect on `-%`. The percentages are always
relative to the total sum of each column, they are never relative to the parent
account.
Since the percentages are relative to the columns sum, it is usually not useful
to calculate percentages if the signs of the amounts are mixed. Although the
results are technically correct, they are most likely useless. Especially in
a balance report that sums up to zero (eg `hledger balance -B`) all percentage
values will be zero.
This flag does not work if the report contains any mixed commodity accounts. If
there are mixed commodity accounts in the report be sure to use `-V`
or `-B` to coerce the report into using a single commodity.
<a name="multicolumn-balance-report"></a>
### Multi-period balance report ### Multi-period balance report
Multi-period balance reports are a very useful hledger feature, activated Multi-period balance reports are a very useful hledger feature, activated
@ -348,13 +224,137 @@ When the report is still too wide, a good workaround is to pipe it
into `less -RS` (-R for colour, -S to chop long lines). into `less -RS` (-R for colour, -S to chop long lines).
Eg: `hledger bal -D --color=yes | less -RS`. Eg: `hledger bal -D --color=yes | less -RS`.
### Depth limiting
With a `depth:N` query, or `--depth N` option, or just `-N`,
balance reports will show accounts only to the specified depth.
This is very useful to hide low-level accounts and get an overview.
Eg, limiting to depth 1 shows the top-level accounts:
```shell
$ hledger balance -N -1
$-1 assets
$2 expenses
$-2 income
$1 liabilities
```
Accounts at the depth limit will include the balances of any hidden subaccounts
(even in flat mode, which normally shows exclusive balances).
You can also drop account name components from the start of account names,
using `--drop N`. This can be useful to hide unwanted top-level detail.
### Colour support
In terminal output, when colour is enabled, the balance command shows negative amounts in red.
### Sorting by amount
With `-S`/`--sort-amount`, accounts with the largest (most positive) balances are shown first.
For example, `hledger bal expenses -MAS` shows your biggest averaged monthly expenses first.
Revenues and liability balances are typically negative, however, so `-S` shows these in reverse order.
To work around this, you can add `--invert` to flip the signs.
Or, use one of the sign-flipping reports like `balancesheet` or `incomestatement`,
which also support `-S`. Eg: `hledger is -MAS`.
### Percentages
With `-%` or `--percent`, balance reports show each account's value expressed
as a percentage of the column's total. This is useful to get an overview of
the relative sizes of account balances. For example to obtain an overview of
expenses:
```shell
$ hledger balance expenses -%
100.0 % expenses
50.0 % food
50.0 % supplies
--------------------
100.0 %
```
Note that `--tree` does not have an effect on `-%`. The percentages are always
relative to the total sum of each column, they are never relative to the parent
account.
Since the percentages are relative to the columns sum, it is usually not useful
to calculate percentages if the signs of the amounts are mixed. Although the
results are technically correct, they are most likely useless. Especially in
a balance report that sums up to zero (eg `hledger balance -B`) all percentage
values will be zero.
This flag does not work if the report contains any mixed commodity accounts. If
there are mixed commodity accounts in the report be sure to use `-V`
or `-B` to coerce the report into using a single commodity.
<a name="multicolumn-balance-report"></a>
### Customising single-period balance reports
You can customise the layout of single-period balance reports with `--format FMT`,
which sets the format of each line. Eg:
```shell
$ hledger balance --format "%20(account) %12(total)"
assets $-1
bank:saving $1
cash $-2
expenses $2
food $1
supplies $1
income $-2
gifts $-1
salary $-1
liabilities:debts $1
---------------------------------
0
```
The FMT format string (plus a newline) specifies the formatting
applied to each account/balance pair. It may contain any suitable
text, with data fields interpolated like so:
`%[MIN][.MAX](FIELDNAME)`
- MIN pads with spaces to at least this width (optional)
- MAX truncates at this width (optional)
- FIELDNAME must be enclosed in parentheses, and can be one of:
- `depth_spacer` - a number of spaces equal to the account's depth, or if MIN is specified, MIN * depth spaces.
- `account` - the account's name
- `total` - the account's balance/posted total, right justified
Also, FMT can begin with an optional prefix to control how
multi-commodity amounts are rendered:
- `%_` - render on multiple lines, bottom-aligned (the default)
- `%^` - render on multiple lines, top-aligned
- `%,` - render on one line, comma-separated
There are some quirks. Eg in one-line mode, `%(depth_spacer)` has no
effect, instead `%(account)` has indentation built in.
<!-- XXX retest:
Consistent column widths are not well enforced, causing ragged edges unless you set suitable widths.
Beware of specifying a maximum width; it will clip account names and amounts that are too wide, with no visible indication.
-->
Experimentation may be needed to get pleasing results.
Some example formats:
- `%(total)` - the account's total
- `%-20.20(account)` - the account's name, left justified, padded to 20 characters and clipped at 20 characters
- `%,%-50(account) %25(total)` - account name padded to 50 characters, total padded to 20 characters, with multiple commodities rendered on one line
- `%20(total) %2(depth_spacer)%-(account)` - the default format for the single-column balance report
### Budget report ### Budget report
With `--budget`, extra columns are displayed showing budget goals for each account and period, if any. There is also a special balance report mode for showing budget performance.
Budget goals are defined by [periodic transactions](hledger.html#periodic-transactions). The `--budget` flag activates extra columns showing the budget goals for each account and period, if any.
For this report, budget goals are defined by [periodic transactions](journal.html#periodic-transactions).
This is very useful for comparing planned and actual income, expenses, time usage, etc. This is very useful for comparing planned and actual income, expenses, time usage, etc.
--budget is most often combined with a [report interval](hledger.html#report-intervals).
For example, you can take average monthly expenses in the common expense categories to construct a minimal monthly budget: For example, you can take average monthly expenses in the common expense categories to construct a minimal monthly budget:
```journal ```journal