imp: lib,cli: Implement gain report for balance reports.

A gain report will report on unrealised gains by looking at the
difference between the valuation of an amount (by default, --value=end),
and the valuation of the cost of the amount.

hledger-lib/Hledger/Data/Valuation.hs

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ module Hledger.Data.Valuation (
   ,mixedAmountToCost
   ,mixedAmountApplyValuation
   ,mixedAmountValueAtDate
+  ,mixedAmountApplyGain
+  ,mixedAmountGainAtDate
   ,marketPriceReverse
   ,priceDirectiveToMarketPrice
   -- ,priceLookup
@@ -114,28 +116,24 @@ amountToCost NoCost _      = id
 amountToCost Cost   styles = styleAmount styles . amountCost
 
 -- | Apply a specified valuation to this amount, using the provided
--- price oracle, reference dates, and whether this is for a
+-- price oracle, and reference dates. Also fix up its display style
--- multiperiod report or not. Also fix up its display style using the
+-- using the provided commodity styles.
--- provided commodity styles.
 --
 -- When the valuation requires converting to another commodity, a
--- valuation (conversion) date is chosen based on the valuation type,
+-- valuation (conversion) date is chosen based on the valuation type
--- the provided reference dates, and whether this is for a
+-- and the provided reference dates. It will be one of:
--- single-period or multi-period report. It will be one of:
 --
--- - a fixed date specified by the ValuationType itself
+-- - the date of the posting itself (--value=then)
---   (--value=DATE).
 --
 -- - the provided "period end" date - this is typically the last day
 --   of a subperiod (--value=end with a multi-period report), or of
 --   the specified report period or the journal (--value=end with a
 --   single-period report).
 --
--- - the provided "report end" date - the last day of the specified
+-- - the provided "today" date (--value=now).
---   report period, if any (-V/-X with a report end date).
 --
--- - the provided "today" date - (--value=now, or -V/X with no report
+-- - a fixed date specified by the ValuationType itself
---   end date).
+--   (--value=DATE).
 --
 -- This is all a bit complicated. See the reference doc at
 -- https://hledger.org/hledger.html#effect-of-valuation-on-reports
@@ -180,6 +178,29 @@ amountValueAtDate priceoracle styles mto d a =
       styleAmount styles
       amount{acommodity=comm, aquantity=rate * aquantity a}
 
+-- | Calculate the gain of each component amount, that is the difference
+-- between the valued amount and the value of the cost basis (see
+-- mixedAmountApplyValuation).
+--
+-- If the commodity we are valuing in is not the same as the commodity of the
+-- cost, this will value the cost at the same date as the primary amount. This
+-- may not be what you want; for example you may want the cost valued at the
+-- posting date. If so, let us know and we can change this behaviour.
+mixedAmountApplyGain :: PriceOracle -> M.Map CommoditySymbol AmountStyle -> Day -> Day -> Day -> ValuationType -> MixedAmount -> MixedAmount
+mixedAmountApplyGain priceoracle styles periodlast today postingdate v ma =
+  mixedAmountApplyValuation priceoracle styles periodlast today postingdate v $ ma `maMinus` mixedAmountCost ma
+
+-- | Calculate the gain of each component amount, that is the
+-- difference between the valued amount and the value of the cost basis.
+--
+-- If the commodity we are valuing in is not the same as the commodity of the
+-- cost, this will value the cost at the same date as the primary amount. This
+-- may not be what you want; for example you may want the cost valued at the
+-- posting date. If so, let us know and we can change this behaviour.
+mixedAmountGainAtDate :: PriceOracle -> M.Map CommoditySymbol AmountStyle -> Maybe CommoditySymbol -> Day -> MixedAmount -> MixedAmount
+mixedAmountGainAtDate priceoracle styles mto d ma =
+  mixedAmountValueAtDate priceoracle styles mto d $ ma `maMinus` mixedAmountCost ma
+
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Market price lookup
 

hledger-lib/Hledger/Reports/MultiBalanceReport.hs

@@ -303,6 +303,7 @@ calculateReportMatrix rspec@ReportSpec{_rsReportOpts=ropts} j priceoracle startb
             CalcChange      -> M.mapWithKey avalue changes
             CalcBudget      -> M.mapWithKey avalue changes
             CalcValueChange -> periodChanges valuedStart historical
+            CalcGain        -> periodChanges valuedStart historical
         cumulative = cumulativeSum avalue nullacct changeamts
         historical = cumulativeSum avalue startingBalance changes
         startingBalance = HM.lookupDefault nullacct name startbals

hledger-lib/Hledger/Reports/ReportOptions.hs

@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ data BalanceCalculation =
     CalcChange      -- ^ Sum of posting amounts in the period.
   | CalcBudget      -- ^ Sum of posting amounts and the goal for the period.
   | CalcValueChange -- ^ Change from previous period's historical end value to this period's historical end value.
+  | CalcGain        -- ^ Change from previous period's gain, i.e. valuation minus cost basis.
   deriving (Eq, Show)
 
 instance Default BalanceCalculation where def = CalcChange
@@ -319,6 +320,7 @@ balancecalcopt =
     parse = \case
       "sum"         -> Just CalcChange
       "valuechange" -> Just CalcValueChange
+      "gain"        -> Just CalcGain
       "budget"      -> Just CalcBudget
       _             -> Nothing
 
@@ -454,16 +456,16 @@ reportOptsToggleStatus s ropts@ReportOpts{statuses_=ss}
 -- to --value, or if --valuechange is called with a valuation type
 -- other than -V/--value=end.
 valuationTypeFromRawOpts :: RawOpts -> (Costing, Maybe ValuationType)
-valuationTypeFromRawOpts rawopts = (costing, valuation)
+valuationTypeFromRawOpts rawopts = case (balancecalcopt rawopts, directcost, directval) of
+    (CalcValueChange, _,      Nothing       ) -> (directcost, Just $ AtEnd Nothing)  -- If no valuation requested for valuechange, use AtEnd
+    (CalcValueChange, _,      Just (AtEnd _)) -> (directcost, directval)             -- If AtEnd valuation requested, use it
+    (CalcValueChange, _,      _             ) -> usageError "--valuechange only produces sensible results with --value=end"
+    (CalcGain,        Cost,   _             ) -> usageError "--gain cannot be combined with --cost"
+    (CalcGain,        NoCost, Nothing       ) -> (directcost, Just $ AtEnd Nothing)  -- If no valuation requested for gain, use AtEnd
+    (_,               _,      _             ) -> (directcost, directval)             -- Otherwise, use requested valuation
   where
-    costing   = if (any ((Cost==) . fst) valuationopts) then Cost else NoCost
+    directcost = if any (== Cost) (map fst valuationopts) then Cost else NoCost
-    valuation = case balancecalcopt rawopts of
+    directval  = lastMay $ mapMaybe snd valuationopts
-        CalcValueChange -> case directval of
-            Nothing        -> Just $ AtEnd Nothing  -- If no valuation requested for valuechange, use AtEnd
-            Just (AtEnd _) -> directval             -- If AtEnd valuation requested, use it
-            Just _         -> usageError "--valuechange only produces sensible results with --value=end"
-        _                  -> directval             -- Otherwise, use requested valuation
-      where directval = lastMay $ mapMaybe snd valuationopts
 
     valuationopts = collectopts valuationfromrawopt rawopts
     valuationfromrawopt (n,v)  -- option name, value
@@ -524,9 +526,12 @@ journalApplyValuationFromOpts rspec j =
 -- | Like journalApplyValuationFromOpts, but takes PriceOracle as an argument.
 journalApplyValuationFromOptsWith :: ReportSpec -> Journal -> PriceOracle -> Journal
 journalApplyValuationFromOptsWith rspec@ReportSpec{_rsReportOpts=ropts} j priceoracle =
-    journalMapPostings valuation $ costing j
+    case balancecalc_ ropts of
+      CalcGain -> journalMapPostings (\p -> postingTransformAmount (gain p) p) j
+      _        -> journalMapPostings (\p -> postingTransformAmount (valuation p) p) $ costing j
   where
-    valuation p = maybe id (postingApplyValuation priceoracle styles (periodEnd p) (_rsDay rspec)) (value_ ropts) p
+    valuation p = maybe id (mixedAmountApplyValuation priceoracle styles (periodEnd p) (_rsDay rspec) (postingDate p)) (value_ ropts)
+    gain      p = maybe id (mixedAmountApplyGain      priceoracle styles (periodEnd p) (_rsDay rspec) (postingDate p)) (value_ ropts)
     costing = case cost_ ropts of
         Cost   -> journalToCost
         NoCost -> id
@@ -545,24 +550,29 @@ mixedAmountApplyValuationAfterSumFromOptsWith :: ReportOpts -> Journal -> PriceO
                                               -> (DateSpan -> MixedAmount -> MixedAmount)
 mixedAmountApplyValuationAfterSumFromOptsWith ropts j priceoracle =
     case valuationAfterSum ropts of
-      Just mc -> \span -> valuation mc span . costing
+        Just mc -> case balancecalc_ ropts of
-      Nothing -> const id
+            CalcGain -> \span  -> gain mc span
+            _        -> \span  -> valuation mc span . costing
+        Nothing      -> \_span -> id
   where
     valuation mc span = mixedAmountValueAtDate priceoracle styles mc (maybe err (addDays (-1)) $ spanEnd span)
-      where err = error "mixedAmountApplyValuationAfterSumFromOptsWith: expected all spans to have an end date"
+    gain mc span = mixedAmountGainAtDate priceoracle styles mc (maybe err (addDays (-1)) $ spanEnd span)
     costing = case cost_ ropts of
         Cost   -> styleMixedAmount styles . mixedAmountCost
         NoCost -> id
     styles = journalCommodityStyles j
+    err = error "mixedAmountApplyValuationAfterSumFromOptsWith: expected all spans to have an end date"
 
 -- | If the ReportOpts specify that we are performing valuation after summing amounts,
--- return Just the commodity symbol we're converting to, otherwise return Nothing.
+-- return Just of the commodity symbol we're converting to, Just Nothing for the default,
+-- and otherwise return Nothing.
 -- Used for example with historical reports with --value=end.
 valuationAfterSum :: ReportOpts -> Maybe (Maybe CommoditySymbol)
 valuationAfterSum ropts = case value_ ropts of
     Just (AtEnd mc) | valueAfterSum -> Just mc
     _                               -> Nothing
   where valueAfterSum = balancecalc_  ropts == CalcValueChange
+                     || balancecalc_  ropts == CalcGain
                      || balanceaccum_ ropts /= PerPeriod
 
 

hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Balance.hs

@@ -290,7 +290,9 @@ balancemode = hledgerCommandMode
       , "(case insensitive substring match)."
       ])
     ,flagNone ["valuechange"] (setboolopt "valuechange")
-      "show change of value of period-end historical balances"
+      "show total change of value of period-end historical balances (caused by deposits, withdrawals, market price fluctuations)"
+    ,flagNone ["gain"] (setboolopt "gain")
+      "show unrealised capital gain/loss (historical balance value minus cost basis)"
     ,flagNone ["change"] (setboolopt "change")
       "accumulate amounts from column start to column end (in multicolumn reports, default)"
     ,flagNone ["cumulative"] (setboolopt "cumulative")
@@ -639,6 +641,9 @@ multiBalanceReportAsText ropts@ReportOpts{..} r = TB.toLazyText $
     mtitle = case (balancecalc_, balanceaccum_) of
         (CalcValueChange, PerPeriod  ) -> "Period-end value changes"
         (CalcValueChange, Cumulative ) -> "Cumulative period-end value changes"
+        (CalcGain,        PerPeriod  ) -> "Incremental gain"
+        (CalcGain,        Cumulative ) -> "Cumulative gain"
+        (CalcGain,        Historical ) -> "Historical gain"
         (_,               PerPeriod  ) -> "Balance changes"
         (_,               Cumulative ) -> "Ending balances (cumulative)"
         (_,               Historical)  -> "Ending balances (historical)"

hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Balance.md

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ Many of these work with the higher-level commands as well.
 - or actual and planned balance changes ([`--budget`](#budget-report))
 - or value of balance changes ([`-V`](#valuation-type))
 - or change of balance values ([`--valuechange`](#balance-report-types))
+- or unrealised capital gain/loss ([`--gain`](#balance-report-types))
 
 ..in..
 
@@ -419,7 +420,9 @@ It is one of:
 - `--sum` : sum the posting amounts (**default**)
 - `--budget` : like --sum but also show a goal amount
 - `--valuechange` : show the change in period-end historical balance values
-<!-- - `--gain` : show the change in period-end historical balances values caused by market price fluctuations -->
+  (caused by deposits, withdrawals, and/or market price fluctuations)
+- `--gain` : show the unrealised capital gain/loss, (the current valued balance
+  minus each amount's original cost)
 
 **Accumulation type:**\
 Which postings should be included in each cell's calculation.
@@ -445,7 +448,7 @@ It is one of:
 - no valuation, show amounts in their original commodities (**default**)
 - `--value=cost[,COMM]`       : no valuation, show amounts converted to cost
 - `--value=then[,COMM]`       : show value at transaction dates
-- `--value=end[,COMM]`        : show value at period end date(s) (**default with `--valuechange`**)
+- `--value=end[,COMM]`        : show value at period end date(s) (**default with `--valuechange`, `--gain`**)
 - `--value=now[,COMM]`        : show value at today's date
 - `--value=YYYY-MM-DD[,COMM]` : show value at another date
 

hledger/Hledger/Cli/CompoundBalanceCommand.hs

@@ -60,7 +60,9 @@ compoundBalanceCommandMode CompoundBalanceCommandSpec{..} =
    ([flagNone ["sum"] (setboolopt "sum")
       "show sum of posting amounts (default)"
    ,flagNone ["valuechange"] (setboolopt "valuechange")
-      "show change of value of period-end historical balances"
+      "show total change of period-end historical balance value (caused by deposits, withdrawals, market price fluctuations)"
+    ,flagNone ["gain"] (setboolopt "gain")
+      "show unrealised capital gain/loss (historical balance value minus cost basis)"
    ,flagNone ["budget"] (setboolopt "budget")
       "show sum of posting amounts compared to budget goals defined by periodic transactions\n "
 
@@ -123,18 +125,23 @@ compoundBalanceCommand CompoundBalanceCommandSpec{..} opts@CliOpts{reportspec_=r
         -- "2008/01/01-2008/12/31", not "2008").
         titledatestr = case balanceaccumulation of
             Historical -> showEndDates enddates
-            _                 -> showDateSpan requestedspan
+            _          -> showDateSpan requestedspan
           where
             enddates = map (addDays (-1)) . mapMaybe spanEnd $ cbrDates cbr  -- these spans will always have a definite end date
             requestedspan = reportSpan j rspec
 
         -- when user overrides, add an indication to the report title
         -- Do we need to deal with overridden BalanceCalculation?
-        mtitleclarification = flip fmap mbalanceAccumulationOverride $ \case
+        mtitleclarification = case (balancecalc_, balanceaccumulation, mbalanceAccumulationOverride) of
-            PerPeriod | changingValuation -> "(Period-End Value Changes)"
+            (CalcValueChange, PerPeriod,  _              ) -> Just "(Period-End Value Changes)"
-            PerPeriod                     -> "(Balance Changes)"
+            (CalcValueChange, Cumulative, _              ) -> Just "(Cumulative Period-End Value Changes)"
-            Cumulative                    -> "(Cumulative Ending Balances)"
+            (CalcGain,        PerPeriod,  _              ) -> Just "(Incremental Gain)"
-            Historical                    -> "(Historical Ending Balances)"
+            (CalcGain,        Cumulative, _              ) -> Just "(Cumulative Gain)"
+            (CalcGain,        Historical, _              ) -> Just "(Historical Gain)"
+            (_,               _,          Just PerPeriod ) -> Just "(Balance Changes)"
+            (_,               _,          Just Cumulative) -> Just "(Cumulative Ending Balances)"
+            (_,               _,          Just Historical) -> Just "(Historical Ending Balances)"
+            _                                              -> Nothing
 
         valuationdesc =
           (case cost_ of
@@ -149,9 +156,9 @@ compoundBalanceCommand CompoundBalanceCommandSpec{..} opts@CliOpts{reportspec_=r
                Nothing                 -> "")
 
         changingValuation = case (balancecalc_, balanceaccum_) of
-            (CalcValueChange, PerPeriod)     -> True
+            (CalcValueChange, PerPeriod)  -> True
             (CalcValueChange, Cumulative) -> True
-            _                                     -> False
+            _                             -> False
 
     -- make a CompoundBalanceReport.
     cbr' = compoundBalanceReport rspec{_rsReportOpts=ropts'} j cbcqueries

hledger/test/journal/gain.test

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+<
+P 1999/12/01 stock  1 A
+P 2000/01/01 stock  2 A
+P 2000/02/01 stock  3 A
+
+P 1999/12/01 B      1 A
+P 2000/01/01 B      5 A
+P 2000/02/01 B      6 A
+
+1999/12/01
+  (assets:fake)     1 stock
+  (assets:fake)     1 A
+  (assets:fake)     1 B
+
+1999/12/01
+  (assets:old)      2 stock @ 2 A
+
+2000/01/01
+  (assets:new)      1 stock @ 3 A
+  (assets:b)        1 stock @ 3 B
+
+# 1. multicolumn balance report showing changes in gain
+$ hledger -f- bal -M --gain --no-total
+Incremental gain in 1999-12-01..2000-02-29, valued at period ends:
+
+            || 1999-12  2000-01  2000-02 
+============++===========================
+ assets:b   ||       0    -13 A     -2 A 
+ assets:new ||       0     -1 A      1 A 
+ assets:old ||    -2 A      2 A      2 A 
+
+# 2. multibalance report showing changes in gain including some historical postings
+$ hledger -f- bal -M --gain -b 2000 --no-total
+Incremental gain in 2000-01-01..2000-02-29, valued at period ends:
+
+            ||   Jan   Feb 
+============++=============
+ assets:b   || -13 A  -2 A 
+ assets:new ||  -1 A   1 A 
+ assets:old ||   2 A   2 A 
+
+# 3. historical gain report
+$ hledger -f- bal -M --gain -b 2000 --no-total --historical
+Historical gain in 2000-01-01..2000-02-29, valued at period ends:
+
+            || 2000-01-31  2000-02-29 
+============++========================
+ assets:b   ||      -13 A       -15 A 
+ assets:new ||       -1 A           0 
+ assets:old ||          0         2 A 
+
+# 4. use a different valuation strategy
+$ hledger -f- bal -M --gain --no-total --value=2000-02-01
+Incremental gain in 1999-12-01..2000-01-31, valued at 2000-02-01:
+
+            || 1999-12  2000-01 
+============++==================
+ assets:b   ||       0    -15 A 
+ assets:old ||     2 A        0 
+
+# 5. use a different valuation strategy for historical
+$ hledger -f- bal -M --gain --no-total --value=2000-02-01 -b 2000 --historical
+Historical gain in 2000-01, valued at 2000-02-01:
+
+            || 2000-01-31 
+============++============
+ assets:b   ||      -15 A 
+ assets:old ||        2 A 
+
+# 6. also works in balancesheet
+$ hledger -f- bs -M --gain --no-total
+Balance Sheet 1999-12-31..2000-02-29 (Historical Gain), valued at period ends
+
+             || 1999-12-31  2000-01-31  2000-02-29 
+=============++====================================
+ Assets      ||                                    
+-------------++------------------------------------
+ assets:b    ||          0       -13 A       -15 A 
+ assets:new  ||          0        -1 A           0 
+ assets:old  ||       -2 A           0         2 A 
+=============++====================================
+ Liabilities ||                                    
+-------------++------------------------------------