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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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.\"t
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.\"t
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.TH "HLEDGER" "1" "December 2024" "hledger-1.41.99 " "hledger User Manuals"
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.TH "HLEDGER" "1" "March 2025" "hledger-1.41.99 " "hledger User Manuals"
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@ -133,20 +133,26 @@ So we usually configure a different journal file, by setting the
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For more about how to do that on your system, see Common tasks > Setting
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For more about how to do that on your system, see Common tasks > Setting
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LEDGER_FILE.
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LEDGER_FILE.
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.SS Text encoding
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.SS Text encoding
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Data files containing non\-ascii characters must use UTF\-8 encoding.
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hledger input files containing non\-ascii characters must use UTF\-8
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An optional byte order mark (BOM) is allowed, at the beginning of the
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encoding, with the exception of CSV (SSV, TSV..)
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file (only).
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files, which can be read from other encodings (see \f[CR]encoding\f[R]
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CSV rule).
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.PP
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.PP
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Also, your system should be configured with a locale that can decode
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In UTF\-8 input files, an optional byte order mark (BOM) at the
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UTF\-8 text.
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beginning of the file is allowed.
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On some unix systems, you may need set the \f[CR]LANG\f[R] environment
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.PP
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variable, eg.
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Your system may need to be configured with a locale that understands the
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input file\[aq]s encoding.
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Eg on some unix systems, you may need set the \f[CR]LANG\f[R]
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environment variable.
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You can read more about this in Unicode characters, below.
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You can read more about this in Unicode characters, below.
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.PP
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.PP
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On unix systems you can check a file\[aq]s encoding with the
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On some unix systems you can use the \f[CR]file\f[R] command to show a
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\f[CR]file\f[R] command.
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file\[aq]s text encoding.
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If you need to import from a UTF\-16\-encoded CSV file, say, you can
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On mac, you\[aq]ll need the version from homebrew:
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convert it to UTF\-8 with the \f[CR]iconv\f[R] command.
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\f[CR]brew install file\-formula\f[R].
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.PP
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hledger\[aq]s text output is always UTF\-8 encoded.
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.SS Data formats
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.SS Data formats
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Usually the data file is in hledger\[aq]s journal format, but it can be
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Usually the data file is in hledger\[aq]s journal format, but it can be
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in any of the supported file formats, which currently are:
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in any of the supported file formats, which currently are:
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@ -904,12 +910,11 @@ To troubleshoot the effect of config files, run with
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The config file feature was added in hledger 1.40 and is considered
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The config file feature was added in hledger 1.40 and is considered
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\f[I]experimental\f[R].
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\f[I]experimental\f[R].
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.SS Shell completions
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.SS Shell completions
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If you use the bash shell, you can optionally set up context\-sensitive
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If you use the bash or zsh shells, you can optionally set up
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autocompletions when you press TAB in a hledger command line.
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context\-sensitive autocompletion for hledger command lines.
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At a bash shell prompt, try pressing \f[CR]hledger<SPACE><TAB><TAB>\f[R]
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Try pressing \f[CR]hledger<SPACE><TAB><TAB>\f[R] (should list all
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(should list all hledger commands) or
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hledger commands) or \f[CR]hledger reg acct:<TAB><TAB>\f[R] (should list
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\f[CR]hledger reg acct:<TAB><TAB>\f[R] (should list your top\-level
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your top\-level account names).
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account names).
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If completions aren\[aq]t working, or for more details, see Install >
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If completions aren\[aq]t working, or for more details, see Install >
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Shell completions.
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Shell completions.
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.SH Output
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.SH Output
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@ -1113,13 +1118,10 @@ If your data contains unicode or wide characters, you\[aq]ll need a
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terminal and font that render those correctly.
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terminal and font that render those correctly.
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(This can be challenging on MS Windows.)
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(This can be challenging on MS Windows.)
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.PP
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.PP
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Some reports (\f[CR]register\f[R], \f[CR]aregister\f[R]) will use the
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Some reports (\f[CR]register\f[R], \f[CR]aregister\f[R]) will normally
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width indicated by the \f[CR]COLUMNS\f[R] environment variable.
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use the full window width.
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If your shell and terminal are working well, they will keep COLUMNS
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If this isn\[aq]t working or you want to override it, you can use the
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updated as you resize the window.
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\f[CR]\-w\f[R]/\f[CR]\-\-width\f[R] option.
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So register reports normally will use the full window width.
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When this isn\[aq]t working or you want to override it, you can manually
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set COLUMNS, or use the \f[CR]\-w\f[R]/\f[CR]\-\-width\f[R] option.
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.PP
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.PP
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Balance reports (\f[CR]balance\f[R], \f[CR]balancesheet\f[R],
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Balance reports (\f[CR]balance\f[R], \f[CR]balancesheet\f[R],
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\f[CR]incomestatement\f[R]...)
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\f[CR]incomestatement\f[R]...)
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@ -1152,6 +1154,9 @@ or \f[CR]n\f[R]/\f[CR]no\f[R] value to force it on or off.
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.SS Paging
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.SS Paging
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In unix\-like environments, when displaying large output (in any output
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In unix\-like environments, when displaying large output (in any output
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format) in the terminal, hledger tries to use a pager when appropriate.
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format) in the terminal, hledger tries to use a pager when appropriate.
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(You can disable this with the \f[CR]\-\-pager=no\f[R] option, perhaps
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in your config file.)
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.PP
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The pager shows one page of text at a time, and lets you scroll around
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The pager shows one page of text at a time, and lets you scroll around
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to see more.
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to see more.
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While it is active, usually \f[CR]SPACE\f[R] shows the next page,
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While it is active, usually \f[CR]SPACE\f[R] shows the next page,
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@ -1177,7 +1182,7 @@ ANSI colour and a number of other conveniences.
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(At the time of writing: \-\-chop\-long\-lines \-\-hilite\-unread
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(At the time of writing: \-\-chop\-long\-lines \-\-hilite\-unread
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\-\-ignore\-case \-\-mouse \-\-no\-init \-\-quit\-at\-eof
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\-\-ignore\-case \-\-mouse \-\-no\-init \-\-quit\-at\-eof
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\-\-quit\-if\-one\-screen \-\-RAW\-CONTROL\-CHARS \-\-shift=8
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\-\-quit\-if\-one\-screen \-\-RAW\-CONTROL\-CHARS \-\-shift=8
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\-\-squeeze\-blank\-lines \-\-use\-backslash \-\-use\-color ).
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\-\-squeeze\-blank\-lines \-\-use\-backslash ).
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If these don\[aq]t work well, you can set your preferred options in the
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If these don\[aq]t work well, you can set your preferred options in the
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\f[CR]HLEDGER_LESS\f[R] variable, which will be used instead.
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\f[CR]HLEDGER_LESS\f[R] variable, which will be used instead.
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.SS HTML output
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.SS HTML output
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@ -1336,7 +1341,7 @@ shown:
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$ hledger print \-c \[aq]$1.000,0\[aq]
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$ hledger print \-c \[aq]$1.000,0\[aq]
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.EE
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.EE
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.PP
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.PP
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This option can repeated to set the display style for multiple
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This option can be repeated to set the display style for multiple
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commodities/currencies.
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commodities/currencies.
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Its argument is as described in the commodity directive.
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Its argument is as described in the commodity directive.
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.PP
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.PP
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@ -1366,10 +1371,6 @@ hledger bal \-\-debug=3 2>hledger.log
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.SH Environment
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.SH Environment
|
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These environment variables affect hledger:
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These environment variables affect hledger:
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.PP
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.PP
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\f[B]COLUMNS\f[R] This is normally set by your terminal; some hledger
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commands (\f[CR]register\f[R]) will format their output to this width.
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If not set, they will try to use the available terminal width.
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.PP
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\f[B]HLEDGER_LESS\f[R] If \f[CR]less\f[R] is your pager, this variable
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\f[B]HLEDGER_LESS\f[R] If \f[CR]less\f[R] is your pager, this variable
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specifies the \f[CR]less\f[R] options hledger should use.
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specifies the \f[CR]less\f[R] options hledger should use.
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(Otherwise, \f[CR]LESS\f[R] + custom options are used.)
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(Otherwise, \f[CR]LESS\f[R] + custom options are used.)
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@ -3113,7 +3114,7 @@ matching accounts as you expect, try troubleshooting with the accounts
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command, eg something like:
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command, eg something like:
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.IP
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.IP
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.EX
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.EX
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$ hledger accounts \-\-alias assets=bassetts type:a
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$ hledger accounts \-\-types \-1 \-\-alias assets=bassetts
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.EE
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.EE
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.SS \f[CR]commodity\f[R] directive
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.SS \f[CR]commodity\f[R] directive
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The \f[CR]commodity\f[R] directive performs several functions:
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The \f[CR]commodity\f[R] directive performs several functions:
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@ -3151,7 +3152,7 @@ and precise.
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.SS Commodity directive syntax
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.SS Commodity directive syntax
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A commodity directive is normally the word \f[CR]commodity\f[R] followed
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A commodity directive is normally the word \f[CR]commodity\f[R] followed
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by a sample amount (and optionally a comment).
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by a sample amount (and optionally a comment).
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Only the amount\[aq]s symbol and format is significant.
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Only the amount\[aq]s symbol and the number\[aq]s format is significant.
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Eg:
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Eg:
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.IP
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.IP
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.EX
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.EX
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@ -3880,14 +3881,15 @@ See also https://hledger.org/ledger.html for a detailed hledger/Ledger
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syntax comparison.
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syntax comparison.
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.SS Other cost/lot notations
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.SS Other cost/lot notations
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A slight digression for Ledger and Beancount users.
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A slight digression for Ledger and Beancount users.
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Ledger has a number of cost/lot\-related notations:
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.PP
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\f[B]Ledger\f[R] has a number of cost/lot\-related notations:
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.IP \[bu] 2
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.IP \[bu] 2
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\f[CR]\[at] UNITCOST\f[R] and \f[CR]\[at]\[at] TOTALCOST\f[R]
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\f[CR]\[at] UNITCOST\f[R] and \f[CR]\[at]\[at] TOTALCOST\f[R]
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.RS 2
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.RS 2
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.IP \[bu] 2
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.IP \[bu] 2
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expresses a conversion rate, as in hledger
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expresses a conversion rate, as in hledger
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.IP \[bu] 2
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.IP \[bu] 2
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when buying, also creates a lot than can be selected at selling time
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when buying, also creates a lot that can be selected at selling time
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.RE
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.RE
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.IP \[bu] 2
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.IP \[bu] 2
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\f[CR](\[at]) UNITCOST\f[R] and \f[CR](\[at]\[at]) TOTALCOST\f[R]
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\f[CR](\[at]) UNITCOST\f[R] and \f[CR](\[at]\[at]) TOTALCOST\f[R]
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@ -3897,15 +3899,11 @@ when buying, also creates a lot than can be selected at selling time
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like the above, but also means \[dq]this cost was exceptional, don\[aq]t
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like the above, but also means \[dq]this cost was exceptional, don\[aq]t
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use it when inferring market prices\[dq].
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use it when inferring market prices\[dq].
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.RE
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.RE
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.PP
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Currently, hledger treats the above like \f[CR]\[at]\f[R] and
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\f[CR]\[at]\[at]\f[R]; the parentheses are ignored.
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.IP \[bu] 2
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.IP \[bu] 2
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\f[CR]{=FIXEDUNITCOST}\f[R] and \f[CR]{{=FIXEDTOTALCOST}}\f[R] (fixed
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\f[CR]{=UNITCOST}\f[R] and \f[CR]{{=TOTALCOST}}\f[R] (fixed price)
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price)
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.RS 2
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.RS 2
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.IP \[bu] 2
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.IP \[bu] 2
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when buying, means \[dq]this cost is also the fixed price, don\[aq]t let
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when buying, means \[dq]this cost is also the fixed value, don\[aq]t let
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it fluctuate in value reports\[dq]
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it fluctuate in value reports\[dq]
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|
.RE
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.RE
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.IP \[bu] 2
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.IP \[bu] 2
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@ -3915,11 +3913,12 @@ it fluctuate in value reports\[dq]
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can be used identically to \f[CR]\[at] UNITCOST\f[R] and
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can be used identically to \f[CR]\[at] UNITCOST\f[R] and
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\f[CR]\[at]\[at] TOTALCOST\f[R], also creates a lot
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\f[CR]\[at]\[at] TOTALCOST\f[R], also creates a lot
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|
.IP \[bu] 2
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.IP \[bu] 2
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when selling, combined with \f[CR]\[at] ...\f[R], specifies an
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when selling, combined with \f[CR]\[at] ...\f[R], selects an existing
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investment lot by its cost basis; does not check if that lot is present
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lot by its cost basis.
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Does not check if that lot is present.
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.RE
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.RE
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.IP \[bu] 2
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.IP \[bu] 2
|
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|
and related: \f[CR][YYYY/MM/DD]\f[R] (lot date)
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\f[CR][YYYY/MM/DD]\f[R] (lot date)
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.RS 2
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.RS 2
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.IP \[bu] 2
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.IP \[bu] 2
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when buying, attaches this acquisition date to the lot
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when buying, attaches this acquisition date to the lot
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@ -3935,29 +3934,37 @@ when buying, attaches this note to the lot
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when selling, selects a lot by its note
|
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when selling, selects a lot by its note
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.RE
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.RE
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.PP
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.PP
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|
Currently, hledger accepts any or all of the above in any order after
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|
Currently, hledger
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the posting amount, but ignores them.
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.IP \[bu] 2
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accepts any or all of the above in any order after the posting amount
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.IP \[bu] 2
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supports \f[CR]\[at]\f[R] and \f[CR]\[at]\[at]\f[R]
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.IP \[bu] 2
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|
|
treats \f[CR](\[at])\f[R] and \f[CR](\[at]\[at])\f[R] as synonyms for
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]\[at]\f[R] and \f[CR]\[at]\[at]\f[R]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and ignores the rest.
|
|
|
|
(This can break transaction balancing.)
|
|
|
|
(This can break transaction balancing.)
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
For Beancount users, the notation and behaviour is different:
|
|
|
|
\f[B]Beancount\f[R] has simpler notation and different behaviour:
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]\[at] UNITCOST\f[R] and \f[CR]\[at]\[at] TOTALCOST\f[R]
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]\[at] UNITCOST\f[R] and \f[CR]\[at]\[at] TOTALCOST\f[R]
|
|
|
|
.RS 2
|
|
|
|
.RS 2
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
expresses a cost without creating a lot, as in hledger
|
|
|
|
expresses a cost without creating a lot, as in hledger
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
when buying (augmenting) or selling (reducing) a lot, combined with
|
|
|
|
when buying (acquiring) or selling (disposing of) a lot, and combined
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]{...}\f[R]: documents the cost/selling price (not used for
|
|
|
|
with \f[CR]{...}\f[R]: is not used except to document the cost/selling
|
|
|
|
transaction balancing)
|
|
|
|
price
|
|
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]{UNITCOST}\f[R] and \f[CR]{{TOTALCOST}}\f[R]
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]{UNITCOST}\f[R] and \f[CR]{{TOTALCOST}}\f[R]
|
|
|
|
.RS 2
|
|
|
|
.RS 2
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
when buying (augmenting), expresses the cost for transaction balancing,
|
|
|
|
when buying, expresses the cost for transaction balancing, and also
|
|
|
|
and also creates a lot with this cost basis attached
|
|
|
|
creates a lot with this cost basis attached
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
when selling (reducing),
|
|
|
|
when selling,
|
|
|
|
.RS 2
|
|
|
|
.RS 2
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
selects a lot by its cost basis
|
|
|
|
selects a lot by its cost basis
|
|
|
|
@ -3968,15 +3975,24 @@ unambiguously (depending on booking method configured)
|
|
|
|
expresses the selling price for transaction balancing
|
|
|
|
expresses the selling price for transaction balancing
|
|
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Currently, hledger accepts the
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]{UNITCOST}\f[R]/\f[CR]{{TOTALCOST}}\f[R] notation but ignores it.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
variations: \f[CR]{}\f[R], \f[CR]{YYYY\-MM\-DD}\f[R],
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]{}\f[R], \f[CR]{YYYY\-MM\-DD}\f[R], \f[CR]{\[dq]LABEL\[dq]}\f[R],
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]{\[dq]LABEL\[dq]}\f[R], \f[CR]{UNITCOST, \[dq]LABEL\[dq]}\f[R],
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]{UNITCOST, \[dq]LABEL\[dq]}\f[R],
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]{UNITCOST, YYYY\-MM\-DD, \[dq]LABEL\[dq]}\f[R] etc.
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]{UNITCOST, YYYY\-MM\-DD, \[dq]LABEL\[dq]}\f[R]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.RS 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
when selling, other combinations of date/cost/label, like the above, are
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
accepted for selecting the lot.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
Currently, hledger rejects these.
|
|
|
|
Currently, hledger
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
supports \f[CR]\[at]\f[R] and \f[CR]\[at]\[at]\f[R]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
accepts the \f[CR]{UNITCOST}\f[R]/\f[CR]{{TOTALCOST}}\f[R] notation, but
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ignores it
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and rejects the rest.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.SH CSV
|
|
|
|
.SH CSV
|
|
|
|
hledger can read CSV files (Character Separated Value \- usually comma,
|
|
|
|
hledger can read CSV files (Character Separated Value \- usually comma,
|
|
|
|
@ -4046,6 +4062,11 @@ T}@T{
|
|
|
|
optionally declare which file to read data from
|
|
|
|
optionally declare which file to read data from
|
|
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
T{
|
|
|
|
T{
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\f[B]\f[CB]encoding\f[B]\f[R]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T}@T{
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
optionally declare which text encoding the data has
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T{
|
|
|
|
\f[B]\f[CB]separator\f[B]\f[R]
|
|
|
|
\f[B]\f[CB]separator\f[B]\f[R]
|
|
|
|
T}@T{
|
|
|
|
T}@T{
|
|
|
|
declare the field separator, instead of relying on file extension
|
|
|
|
declare the field separator, instead of relying on file extension
|
|
|
|
@ -4152,6 +4173,26 @@ source Checking1*.csv
|
|
|
|
.EE
|
|
|
|
.EE
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
See also \[dq]Working with CSV > Reading files specified by rule\[dq].
|
|
|
|
See also \[dq]Working with CSV > Reading files specified by rule\[dq].
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.SS \f[CR]encoding\f[R]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.IP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.EX
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
encoding ENCODING
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.EE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
hledger normally expects non\-ascii text to be UTF8\-encoded.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you need to read CSV files which have some other encoding, you can do
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
it by adding \f[CR]encoding ENCODING\f[R] to your CSV rules.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eg: \f[CR]encoding ISO88591\f[R].
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following encodings are supported (these names are
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
case\-insensitive, and can be written with inner spaces or hyphens if
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
you prefer): ASCII, UTF8, UTF16, UTF32, ISO88591, ISO88592, ISO88593,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ISO88594, ISO88595, ISO88596, ISO88597, ISO88598, ISO88599, ISO885910,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ISO885911, ISO885913, ISO885914, ISO885915, ISO885916, CP1250, CP1251,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CP1252, CP1253, CP1254, CP1255, CP1256, CP1257, CP1258, KOI8R, KOI8U,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GB18030, MacOSRoman, JISX0201, JISX0208, ISO2022JP, ShiftJIS, CP437,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CP737, CP775, CP850, CP852, CP855, CP857, CP860, CP861, CP862, CP863,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CP864, CP865, CP866, CP869, CP874, CP932.
|
|
|
|
.SS \f[CR]separator\f[R]
|
|
|
|
.SS \f[CR]separator\f[R]
|
|
|
|
You can use the \f[CR]separator\f[R] rule to read other kinds of
|
|
|
|
You can use the \f[CR]separator\f[R] rule to read other kinds of
|
|
|
|
character\-separated data.
|
|
|
|
character\-separated data.
|
|
|
|
@ -4697,12 +4738,20 @@ When an if block has multiple matchers, each on its own line,
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
By default they are OR\[aq]d (any of them can match).
|
|
|
|
By default they are OR\[aq]d (any of them can match).
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
Matcher lines beginning with \f[CR]&\f[R] (and optional space) are
|
|
|
|
Matcher lines beginning with \f[CR]&\f[R] (or \f[CR]&&\f[R], \f[I]since
|
|
|
|
AND\[aq]ed with the matcher above (all in the AND\[aq]ed group must
|
|
|
|
1.42\f[R]) are AND\[aq]ed with the matcher above (all in the AND\[aq]ed
|
|
|
|
match).
|
|
|
|
group must match).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Matcher lines beginning with \f[CR]& !\f[R] (\f[I]since 1.41\f[R], or
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]&& !\f[R], \f[I]since 1.42\f[R]) are first negated and then
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AND\[aq]ed with the matcher above.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
\f[I](Since 1.41:)\f[R] You can use a negated \f[CR]!\f[R] matcher on a
|
|
|
|
You can also combine multiple matchers one the same line separated by
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]&\f[R] line, meaning AND NOT.
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]&&\f[R] (AND) or \f[CR]&& !\f[R] (AND NOT).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eg \f[CR]%description amazon && %date 2025\-01\-01\f[R] will match only
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
when the description field contains \[dq]amazon\[dq] and the date field
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
contains \[dq]2025\-01\-01\[dq].
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\f[I]Added in 1.42.\f[R]
|
|
|
|
.SS Match groups
|
|
|
|
.SS Match groups
|
|
|
|
\f[I]Added in 1.32\f[R]
|
|
|
|
\f[I]Added in 1.32\f[R]
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
@ -4739,9 +4788,9 @@ like this:
|
|
|
|
.EX
|
|
|
|
.EX
|
|
|
|
if,HLEDGERFIELD1,HLEDGERFIELD2,...
|
|
|
|
if,HLEDGERFIELD1,HLEDGERFIELD2,...
|
|
|
|
MATCHERA,VALUE1,VALUE2,...
|
|
|
|
MATCHERA,VALUE1,VALUE2,...
|
|
|
|
MATCHERB,VALUE1,VALUE2,...
|
|
|
|
MATCHERB && MATCHERC,VALUE1,VALUE2,... (*since 1.42*)
|
|
|
|
; Comment line that explains MATCHERC
|
|
|
|
; Comment line that explains MATCHERD
|
|
|
|
MATCHERC,VALUE1,VALUE2,...
|
|
|
|
MATCHERD,VALUE1,VALUE2,...
|
|
|
|
<empty line>
|
|
|
|
<empty line>
|
|
|
|
.EE
|
|
|
|
.EE
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
@ -4761,10 +4810,11 @@ You can use the comment lines in the table body.
|
|
|
|
The table must be terminated by an empty line (or end of file).
|
|
|
|
The table must be terminated by an empty line (or end of file).
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
An if table like the above is interpreted as follows: try all of the
|
|
|
|
An if table like the above is interpreted as follows: try all of the
|
|
|
|
matchers; whenever a matcher succeeds, assign all of the values on that
|
|
|
|
lines with matchers; whenever a line with matchers succeeds, assign all
|
|
|
|
line to the corresponding hledger fields; If multiple lines match, later
|
|
|
|
of the values on that line to the corresponding hledger fields; If
|
|
|
|
lines will override fields assigned by the earlier ones \- just like the
|
|
|
|
multiple lines match, later lines will override fields assigned by the
|
|
|
|
sequence of \f[CR]if\f[R] blocks would behave.
|
|
|
|
earlier ones \- just like the sequence of \f[CR]if\f[R] blocks would
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
behave.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
If table presented above is equivalent to this sequence of if blocks:
|
|
|
|
If table presented above is equivalent to this sequence of if blocks:
|
|
|
|
.IP
|
|
|
|
.IP
|
|
|
|
@ -4774,13 +4824,13 @@ if MATCHERA
|
|
|
|
HLEDGERFIELD2 VALUE2
|
|
|
|
HLEDGERFIELD2 VALUE2
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if MATCHERB
|
|
|
|
if MATCHERB && MATCHERC
|
|
|
|
HLEDGERFIELD1 VALUE1
|
|
|
|
HLEDGERFIELD1 VALUE1
|
|
|
|
HLEDGERFIELD2 VALUE2
|
|
|
|
HLEDGERFIELD2 VALUE2
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
; Comment line which explains MATCHERC
|
|
|
|
; Comment line which explains MATCHERD
|
|
|
|
if MATCHERC
|
|
|
|
if MATCHERD
|
|
|
|
HLEDGERFIELD1 VALUE1
|
|
|
|
HLEDGERFIELD1 VALUE1
|
|
|
|
HLEDGERFIELD2 VALUE2
|
|
|
|
HLEDGERFIELD2 VALUE2
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
@ -6767,21 +6817,38 @@ reports, \f[CR]cur:\f[R] and \f[CR]amt:\f[R] match the old commodity
|
|
|
|
symbol and the old amount quantity, not the new ones.
|
|
|
|
symbol and the old amount quantity, not the new ones.
|
|
|
|
(Except in hledger 1.22, #1625.)
|
|
|
|
(Except in hledger 1.22, #1625.)
|
|
|
|
.SH Pivoting
|
|
|
|
.SH Pivoting
|
|
|
|
Normally, hledger groups and sums amounts within each account.
|
|
|
|
Normally, hledger groups amounts and displays their totals by account
|
|
|
|
The \f[CR]\-\-pivot FIELD\f[R] option substitutes some other transaction
|
|
|
|
(name).
|
|
|
|
field for account names, causing amounts to be grouped and summed by
|
|
|
|
With \f[CR]\-\-pivot PIVOTEXPR\f[R], some other field\[aq]s (or multiple
|
|
|
|
that field\[aq]s value instead.
|
|
|
|
fields\[aq]) value is used as a synthetic account name, causing
|
|
|
|
FIELD can be any of the transaction fields \f[CR]acct\f[R],
|
|
|
|
different grouping and display.
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]status\f[R], \f[CR]code\f[R], \f[CR]desc\f[R], \f[CR]payee\f[R],
|
|
|
|
PIVOTEXPR can be
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]note\f[R], or a tag name.
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
When pivoting on a tag and a posting has multiple values of that tag,
|
|
|
|
any of these standard transaction or posting fields (their value is
|
|
|
|
only the first value is displayed.
|
|
|
|
substituted): \f[CR]status\f[R], \f[CR]code\f[R], \f[CR]desc\f[R],
|
|
|
|
Values containing \f[CR]colon:separated:parts\f[R] will be displayed
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]payee\f[R], \f[CR]note\f[R], \f[CR]acct\f[R],
|
|
|
|
hierarchically, like account names.
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]comm\f[R]/\f[CR]cur\f[R], \f[CR]amt\f[R], \f[CR]cost\f[R]
|
|
|
|
Multiple, colon\-delimited fields can be pivoted simultaneously,
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
generating a hierarchical account name.
|
|
|
|
or a tag name
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
or any combination of these, colon\-separated.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
Some examples:
|
|
|
|
Some special cases:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Colons appearing in PIVOTEXPR or in a pivoted tag value will generate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
account hierarchy.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
When pivoting a posting has multiple values for a tag, the pivoted value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of that tag will be the first value.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
When a posting has multiple commodities, the pivoted value of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\[dq]comm\[dq]/\[dq]cur\[dq] will be \[dq]\[dq].
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Also when an unrecognised tag name or field is provided, its pivoted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
value will be \[dq]\[dq].
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
(If this causes confusing output, consider excluding those postings from
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
the report.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
|
|
.IP
|
|
|
|
.IP
|
|
|
|
.EX
|
|
|
|
.EX
|
|
|
|
2016/02/16 Yearly Dues Payment
|
|
|
|
2016/02/16 Yearly Dues Payment
|
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|
|
@ -6828,7 +6895,7 @@ $ hledger balance \-\-pivot member acct:.
|
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|
\-2 EUR
|
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|
\-2 EUR
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|
.EE
|
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|
|
.EE
|
|
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|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
Hierarchical reports can be generated with multiple pivots:
|
|
|
|
Hierarchical reports can be generated with multiple pivot values:
|
|
|
|
.IP
|
|
|
|
.IP
|
|
|
|
.EX
|
|
|
|
.EX
|
|
|
|
$ hledger balance Income:Dues \-\-pivot kind:member
|
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|
$ hledger balance Income:Dues \-\-pivot kind:member
|
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|
@ -7217,9 +7284,10 @@ In some transactions \- for example a currency conversion, or a purchase
|
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|
|
or sale of stock \- one commodity is exchanged for another.
|
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|
or sale of stock \- one commodity is exchanged for another.
|
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|
|
In these transactions there is a conversion rate, also called the cost
|
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|
|
In these transactions there is a conversion rate, also called the cost
|
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|
|
(when buying) or selling price (when selling).
|
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|
|
(when buying) or selling price (when selling).
|
|
|
|
In hledger docs we just say \[dq]cost\[dq], for convenience; feel free
|
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|
(In hledger docs we just say \[dq]cost\[dq] generically for
|
|
|
|
to mentally translate to \[dq]conversion rate\[dq] or \[dq]selling
|
|
|
|
convenience.)
|
|
|
|
price\[dq] if helpful.
|
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|
|
With the \f[CR]\-B/\-\-cost\f[R] flag, hledger can show amounts \[dq]at
|
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|
|
cost\[dq], converted to the cost\[aq]s commodity.
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|
|
.SS Recording costs
|
|
|
|
.SS Recording costs
|
|
|
|
We\[aq]ll explore several ways of recording transactions involving
|
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|
|
We\[aq]ll explore several ways of recording transactions involving
|
|
|
|
costs.
|
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|
|
costs.
|
|
|
|
@ -7463,14 +7531,16 @@ alias h=\[dq]hledger \-\-infer\-equity \-\-infer\-costs\[dq]
|
|
|
|
and let us know what problems you find.
|
|
|
|
and let us know what problems you find.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.SH Value reporting
|
|
|
|
.SH Value reporting
|
|
|
|
Instead of reporting amounts in their original commodity, hledger can
|
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|
|
hledger can also show amounts \[dq]at market value\[dq], converted to
|
|
|
|
convert them to cost/sale amount (using the conversion rate recorded in
|
|
|
|
some other commodity using the market price or conversion rate on a
|
|
|
|
the transaction), and/or to market value (using some market price on a
|
|
|
|
certain date.
|
|
|
|
certain date).
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
This is controlled by the \f[CR]\-\-value=TYPE[,COMMODITY]\f[R] option,
|
|
|
|
This is controlled by the \f[CR]\-\-value=TYPE[,COMMODITY]\f[R] option.
|
|
|
|
which will be described below.
|
|
|
|
We also provide simpler \f[CR]\-V\f[R] and \f[CR]\-X COMMODITY\f[R]
|
|
|
|
We also provide the simpler \f[CR]\-V\f[R] and \f[CR]\-X COMMODITY\f[R]
|
|
|
|
aliases for this, which are often sufficient.
|
|
|
|
options, and often one of these is all you need:
|
|
|
|
The market prices are declared with a special \f[CR]P\f[R] directive,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and/or they can be inferred from the costs recorded in transactions, by
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
using the \f[CR]\-\-infer\-market\-prices\f[R] flag.
|
|
|
|
.SS \-V: Value
|
|
|
|
.SS \-V: Value
|
|
|
|
The \f[CR]\-V/\-\-market\f[R] flag converts amounts to market value in
|
|
|
|
The \f[CR]\-V/\-\-market\f[R] flag converts amounts to market value in
|
|
|
|
their default \f[I]valuation commodity\f[R], using the market prices in
|
|
|
|
their default \f[I]valuation commodity\f[R], using the market prices in
|
|
|
|
@ -8360,6 +8430,8 @@ $ hledger demo # list available demos
|
|
|
|
$ hledger demo 1 # play the first demo at default speed (2x)
|
|
|
|
$ hledger demo 1 # play the first demo at default speed (2x)
|
|
|
|
$ hledger demo install \-s4 # play the \[dq]install\[dq] demo at 4x speed
|
|
|
|
$ hledger demo install \-s4 # play the \[dq]install\[dq] demo at 4x speed
|
|
|
|
.EE
|
|
|
|
.EE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This command is experimental: there aren\[aq]t many useful demos yet.
|
|
|
|
.SH User interface commands
|
|
|
|
.SH User interface commands
|
|
|
|
.SS ui
|
|
|
|
.SS ui
|
|
|
|
Runs hledger\-ui (if installed).
|
|
|
|
Runs hledger\-ui (if installed).
|
|
|
|
@ -9019,13 +9091,14 @@ Flags:
|
|
|
|
\-\-round=TYPE how much rounding or padding should be done when
|
|
|
|
\-\-round=TYPE how much rounding or padding should be done when
|
|
|
|
displaying amounts ?
|
|
|
|
displaying amounts ?
|
|
|
|
none \- show original decimal digits,
|
|
|
|
none \- show original decimal digits,
|
|
|
|
as in journal
|
|
|
|
as in journal (default)
|
|
|
|
soft \- just add or remove decimal zeros
|
|
|
|
soft \- just add or remove decimal zeros
|
|
|
|
to match precision (default)
|
|
|
|
to match precision
|
|
|
|
hard \- round posting amounts to precision
|
|
|
|
hard \- round posting amounts to precision
|
|
|
|
(can unbalance transactions)
|
|
|
|
(can unbalance transactions)
|
|
|
|
all \- also round cost amounts to precision
|
|
|
|
all \- also round cost amounts to precision
|
|
|
|
(can unbalance transactions)
|
|
|
|
(can unbalance transactions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\-\-invert display all amounts with reversed sign
|
|
|
|
\-\-new show only newer\-dated transactions added in each
|
|
|
|
\-\-new show only newer\-dated transactions added in each
|
|
|
|
file since last run
|
|
|
|
file since last run
|
|
|
|
\-m \-\-match=DESC fuzzy search for one recent transaction with
|
|
|
|
\-m \-\-match=DESC fuzzy search for one recent transaction with
|
|
|
|
@ -9139,6 +9212,11 @@ Account aliases can generate bad account names.
|
|
|
|
With \f[CR]\-B\f[R]/\f[CR]\-\-cost\f[R], amounts with costs are shown
|
|
|
|
With \f[CR]\-B\f[R]/\f[CR]\-\-cost\f[R], amounts with costs are shown
|
|
|
|
converted to cost.
|
|
|
|
converted to cost.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
With \f[CR]\-\-invert\f[R], posting amounts are shown with their sign
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
flipped.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
It could be useful if you have accidentally recorded some transactions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
with the wrong signs.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
With \f[CR]\-\-new\f[R], print shows only transactions it has not seen
|
|
|
|
With \f[CR]\-\-new\f[R], print shows only transactions it has not seen
|
|
|
|
on a previous run.
|
|
|
|
on a previous run.
|
|
|
|
This uses the same deduplication system as the \f[CR]import\f[R]
|
|
|
|
This uses the same deduplication system as the \f[CR]import\f[R]
|
|
|
|
@ -9243,8 +9321,8 @@ Flags:
|
|
|
|
postings before report start date) (default)
|
|
|
|
postings before report start date) (default)
|
|
|
|
\-\-invert display all amounts with reversed sign
|
|
|
|
\-\-invert display all amounts with reversed sign
|
|
|
|
\-\-heading=YN show heading row above table: yes (default) or no
|
|
|
|
\-\-heading=YN show heading row above table: yes (default) or no
|
|
|
|
\-w \-\-width=N set output width (default: terminal width or
|
|
|
|
\-w \-\-width=N set output width (default: terminal width). \-wN,M
|
|
|
|
$COLUMNS). \-wN,M sets description width as well.
|
|
|
|
sets description width as well.
|
|
|
|
\-\-align\-all guarantee alignment across all lines (slower)
|
|
|
|
\-\-align\-all guarantee alignment across all lines (slower)
|
|
|
|
\-O \-\-output\-format=FMT select the output format. Supported formats:
|
|
|
|
\-O \-\-output\-format=FMT select the output format. Supported formats:
|
|
|
|
txt, html, csv, tsv, json.
|
|
|
|
txt, html, csv, tsv, json.
|
|
|
|
@ -9364,8 +9442,8 @@ Flags:
|
|
|
|
\-\-sort=FIELDS sort by: date, desc, account, amount, absamount,
|
|
|
|
\-\-sort=FIELDS sort by: date, desc, account, amount, absamount,
|
|
|
|
or a comma\-separated combination of these. For a
|
|
|
|
or a comma\-separated combination of these. For a
|
|
|
|
descending sort, prefix with \-. (Default: date)
|
|
|
|
descending sort, prefix with \-. (Default: date)
|
|
|
|
\-w \-\-width=N set output width (default: terminal width or
|
|
|
|
\-w \-\-width=N set output width (default: terminal width). \-wN,M
|
|
|
|
$COLUMNS). \-wN,M sets description width as well.
|
|
|
|
sets description width as well.
|
|
|
|
\-\-align\-all guarantee alignment across all lines (slower)
|
|
|
|
\-\-align\-all guarantee alignment across all lines (slower)
|
|
|
|
\-\-base\-url=URLPREFIX in html output, generate links to hledger\-web,
|
|
|
|
\-\-base\-url=URLPREFIX in html output, generate links to hledger\-web,
|
|
|
|
with this prefix. (Usually the base url shown by
|
|
|
|
with this prefix. (Usually the base url shown by
|
|
|
|
@ -9502,10 +9580,10 @@ DESC should contain at least two characters.
|
|
|
|
If there is no similar\-enough match, no posting will be shown and the
|
|
|
|
If there is no similar\-enough match, no posting will be shown and the
|
|
|
|
program exit code will be non\-zero.
|
|
|
|
program exit code will be non\-zero.
|
|
|
|
.SS Custom register output
|
|
|
|
.SS Custom register output
|
|
|
|
register uses the full terminal width by default, except on windows.
|
|
|
|
register normally uses the full terminal width (or 80 columns if it
|
|
|
|
You can override this by setting the \f[CR]COLUMNS\f[R] environment
|
|
|
|
can\[aq]t detect that).
|
|
|
|
variable (not a bash shell variable) or by using the
|
|
|
|
You can override this with the \f[CR]\-\-width\f[R]/\f[CR]\-w\f[R]
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]\-\-width\f[R]/\f[CR]\-w\f[R] option.
|
|
|
|
option.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
The description and account columns normally share the space equally
|
|
|
|
The description and account columns normally share the space equally
|
|
|
|
(about half of (width \- 40) each).
|
|
|
|
(about half of (width \- 40) each).
|
|
|
|
@ -9524,10 +9602,7 @@ and some examples:
|
|
|
|
.EX
|
|
|
|
.EX
|
|
|
|
$ hledger reg # use terminal width (or 80 on windows)
|
|
|
|
$ hledger reg # use terminal width (or 80 on windows)
|
|
|
|
$ hledger reg \-w 100 # use width 100
|
|
|
|
$ hledger reg \-w 100 # use width 100
|
|
|
|
$ COLUMNS=100 hledger reg # set with one\-time environment variable
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ export COLUMNS=100; hledger reg # set till session end (or window resize)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ hledger reg \-w 100,40 # set overall width 100, description width 40
|
|
|
|
$ hledger reg \-w 100,40 # set overall width 100, description width 40
|
|
|
|
$ hledger reg \-w $COLUMNS,40 # use terminal width, & description width 40
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.EE
|
|
|
|
.EE
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
This command also supports the output destination and output format
|
|
|
|
This command also supports the output destination and output format
|
|
|
|
@ -10003,10 +10078,10 @@ Flags:
|
|
|
|
\-\-transpose switch rows and columns (use vertical time axis)
|
|
|
|
\-\-transpose switch rows and columns (use vertical time axis)
|
|
|
|
\-\-layout=ARG how to lay out multi\-commodity amounts and the
|
|
|
|
\-\-layout=ARG how to lay out multi\-commodity amounts and the
|
|
|
|
overall table:
|
|
|
|
overall table:
|
|
|
|
\[aq]wide[,WIDTH]\[aq]: commodities on one line
|
|
|
|
\[aq]wide[,W]\[aq]: commodities on same line, up to W wide
|
|
|
|
\[aq]tall\[aq] : commodities on separate lines
|
|
|
|
\[aq]tall\[aq] : commodities on separate lines
|
|
|
|
\[aq]bare\[aq] : commodity symbols in one column
|
|
|
|
\[aq]bare\[aq] : commodity symbols in a separate column
|
|
|
|
\[aq]tidy\[aq] : every attribute in its own column
|
|
|
|
\[aq]tidy\[aq] : each data field in its own column
|
|
|
|
\-\-base\-url=URLPREFIX in html output, generate links to hledger\-web,
|
|
|
|
\-\-base\-url=URLPREFIX in html output, generate links to hledger\-web,
|
|
|
|
with this prefix. (Usually the base url shown by
|
|
|
|
with this prefix. (Usually the base url shown by
|
|
|
|
hledger\-web; can also be relative.)
|
|
|
|
hledger\-web; can also be relative.)
|
|
|
|
@ -11354,26 +11429,24 @@ $ hledger activity \-\-quarterly
|
|
|
|
.SS close
|
|
|
|
.SS close
|
|
|
|
(equity)
|
|
|
|
(equity)
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]close\f[R] generates several kinds of \[dq]closing\[dq] and/or
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]close\f[R] prints several kinds of \[dq]closing\[dq] and/or
|
|
|
|
\[dq]opening\[dq] transactions, useful in certain situations, including
|
|
|
|
\[dq]opening\[dq] transactions, useful in various situations: migrating
|
|
|
|
migrating balances to a new journal file, retaining earnings into
|
|
|
|
balances to a new journal file, retaining earnings into equity,
|
|
|
|
equity, consolidating balances, or viewing lots.
|
|
|
|
consolidating balances, viewing lot costs..
|
|
|
|
Like \f[CR]print\f[R], it prints valid journal entries.
|
|
|
|
Like \f[CR]print\f[R], it prints valid journal entries.
|
|
|
|
You can append or copy these to your journal file(s) when you are happy
|
|
|
|
You can copy these into your journal file(s) when you are happy with how
|
|
|
|
with how they look.
|
|
|
|
they look.
|
|
|
|
.IP
|
|
|
|
.IP
|
|
|
|
.EX
|
|
|
|
.EX
|
|
|
|
Flags:
|
|
|
|
Flags:
|
|
|
|
\-\-migrate[=NEW] show closing and opening transactions, for Asset
|
|
|
|
\-\-clopen[=TAGVAL] show closing and opening balances transactions,
|
|
|
|
and Liability accounts by default, tagged for easy
|
|
|
|
for AL accounts by default
|
|
|
|
matching. The tag\[aq]s default value can be overridden
|
|
|
|
\-\-close[=TAGVAL] show just a closing balances transaction
|
|
|
|
by providing NEW.
|
|
|
|
\-\-open[=TAGVAL] show just an opening balances transaction
|
|
|
|
\-\-close[=NEW] (default) show a closing transaction
|
|
|
|
\-\-assert[=TAGVAL] show a balance assertions transaction
|
|
|
|
\-\-open[=NEW] show an opening transaction
|
|
|
|
\-\-assign[=TAGVAL] show a balance assignments transaction
|
|
|
|
\-\-assign[=NEW] show opening balance assignments
|
|
|
|
\-\-retain[=TAGVAL] show a retain earnings transaction, for RX
|
|
|
|
\-\-assert[=NEW] show closing balance assertions
|
|
|
|
accounts by default
|
|
|
|
\-\-retain[=NEW] show a retain earnings transaction, for Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and Expense accounts by default
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\-x \-\-explicit show all amounts explicitly
|
|
|
|
\-x \-\-explicit show all amounts explicitly
|
|
|
|
\-\-show\-costs show amounts with different costs separately
|
|
|
|
\-\-show\-costs show amounts with different costs separately
|
|
|
|
\-\-interleaved show source and destination postings together
|
|
|
|
\-\-interleaved show source and destination postings together
|
|
|
|
@ -11385,97 +11458,116 @@ Flags:
|
|
|
|
\-\-round=TYPE how much rounding or padding should be done when
|
|
|
|
\-\-round=TYPE how much rounding or padding should be done when
|
|
|
|
displaying amounts ?
|
|
|
|
displaying amounts ?
|
|
|
|
none \- show original decimal digits,
|
|
|
|
none \- show original decimal digits,
|
|
|
|
as in journal
|
|
|
|
as in journal (default)
|
|
|
|
soft \- just add or remove decimal zeros
|
|
|
|
soft \- just add or remove decimal zeros
|
|
|
|
to match precision (default)
|
|
|
|
to match precision
|
|
|
|
hard \- round posting amounts to precision
|
|
|
|
hard \- round posting amounts to precision
|
|
|
|
(can unbalance transactions)
|
|
|
|
(can unbalance transactions)
|
|
|
|
all \- also round cost amounts to precision
|
|
|
|
all \- also round cost amounts to precision
|
|
|
|
(can unbalance transactions)
|
|
|
|
(can unbalance transactions)
|
|
|
|
.EE
|
|
|
|
.EE
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]close\f[R] currently has six modes, selected by a single mode
|
|
|
|
\f[CR]close\f[R] has six modes, selected by choosing one of the mode
|
|
|
|
flag:
|
|
|
|
flags (\f[CR]\-\-close\f[R] is the default).
|
|
|
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.SS close \-\-migrate
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They all do much the same operation, but with different defaults, useful
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This is the most common mode.
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in different situations.
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It prints a \[dq]closing balances\[dq] transaction that zeroes out all
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.SS close \-\-clopen
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asset and liability balances (by default), and an opposite \[dq]opening
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This is useful if migrating balances to a new journal file at the start
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balances\[dq] transaction that restores them again.
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of a new year.
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The balancing account will be \f[CR]equity:opening/closing balances\f[R]
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It prints a \[dq]closing balances\[dq] transaction that zeroes out
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(or another specified by \f[CR]\-\-close\-acct\f[R] or
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account balances (Asset and Liability accounts, by default), and an
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\f[CR]\-\-open\-acct\f[R]).
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opposite \[dq]opening balances\[dq] transaction that restores them
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again.
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Typically, you would run
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.IP
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.EX
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hledger close \-\-clopen \-e NEWYEAR >> $LEDGER_FILE
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.EE
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.PP
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.PP
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This is useful when migrating balances to a new journal file at the
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and then move the opening transaction from the old file to the new file
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start of a new year.
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(and probably also update your LEDGER_FILE environment variable).
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Essentially, you run
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\f[CR]hledger close \-\-migrate=NEWYEAR \-e NEWYEAR\f[R] and then copy
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the closing transaction to the end of the old file and the opening
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transaction to the start of the new file.
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The opening transaction sets correct starting balances in the new file
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when it is used alone, and the closing transaction keeps balances
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correct when you use both old and new files together, by cancelling out
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the following opening transaction and preventing buildup of duplicated
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opening balances.
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Think of the closing/opening pair as \[dq]moving the balances into the
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next file\[dq].
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.PP
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.PP
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You can close a different set of accounts by providing a query.
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Why might you do this ?
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Eg if you want to include equity, you can add
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If your reports are fast, you may not need it.
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\f[CR]assets liabilities equity\f[R] or \f[CR]type:ALE\f[R] arguments.
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But at some point you will probably want to partition your data by time,
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(The balancing account is always excluded.)
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for performance or data integrity or regulatory reasons.
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Revenues and expenses usually are not migrated to a new file directly;
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A new file or set of files per year is common.
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see \f[CR]\-\-retain\f[R] below.
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Then, having each file/fileset \[dq]bookended\[dq] with opening and
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closing balance transactions will allow you to freely pick and choose
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which files to read \- just the current year, any past year, any
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sequence of years, or all of them \- while showing correct account
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balances in each case.
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The earliest opening balances transaction sets correct starting
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balances, and any later closing/opening pairs will harmlessly cancel
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each other out.
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.PP
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.PP
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The generated transactions will have a \f[CR]start:\f[R] tag, with its
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The balances will be transferred to and from
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value set to \f[CR]\-\-migrate\f[R]\[aq]s \f[CR]NEW\f[R] argument if
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\f[CR]equity:opening/closing balances\f[R] by default.
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any, for easier matching or exclusion.
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You can override this by using \f[CR]\-\-close\-acct\f[R] and/or
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When \f[CR]NEW\f[R] is not specified, it will be inferred if possible by
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\f[CR]\-\-open\-acct\f[R].
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incrementing a number (eg a year number) within the default
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.PP
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journal\[aq]s main file name.
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You can select a different set of accounts to close/open by providing an
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The other modes behave similarly.
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account query.
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Eg to add Equity accounts, provide arguments like
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\f[CR]assets liabilities equity\f[R] or \f[CR]type:ALE\f[R].
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When migrating to a new file, you\[aq]ll usually want to bring along the
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AL or ALE accounts, but not the RX accounts (Revenue, Expense).
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.PP
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Assertions will be added indicating and checking the new balances of the
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closed/opened accounts.
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.PP
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The generated transactions will have a \f[CR]clopen:\f[R] tag.
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If the main journal\[aq]s base file name contains a number (eg a year
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number), the tag\[aq]s value will be that base file name with the number
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incremented.
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Or you can choose the tag value yourself, by using
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\f[CR]\-\-clopen=TAGVAL\f[R].
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.SS close \-\-close
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.SS close \-\-close
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This prints just the closing balances transaction of
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This prints just the closing balances transaction of
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\f[CR]\-\-migrate\f[R].
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\f[CR]\-\-clopen\f[R].
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It is the default behaviour if you specify no mode flag.
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It is the default if you don\[aq]t specify a mode.
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Using the customisation options below, you can move balances from any
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.PP
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set of accounts to a different account.
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More customisation options are described below.
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Among other things, you can use \f[CR]close \-\-close\f[R] to generate a
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transaction moving the balances from any set of accounts, to a different
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account.
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(If you need to move just a portion of the balance, see hledger\-move.)
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.SS close \-\-open
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.SS close \-\-open
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This prints just the opening balances transaction of
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This prints just the opening balances transaction of
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\f[CR]\-\-migrate\f[R].
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\f[CR]\-\-clopen\f[R].
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It is similar to Ledger\[aq]s equity command.
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(It is similar to Ledger\[aq]s equity command.)
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.SS close \-\-assert
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.SS close \-\-assert
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This prints a \[dq]closing balances\[dq] transaction (with
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This prints a transaction that asserts the account balances as they are
|
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|
\f[CR]balances:\f[R] tag), that just declares balance assertions for the
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on the end date (and adds an \f[CR]assert:\f[R] tag).
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current balances without changing them.
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It could be useful as documention and to guard against changes.
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It could be useful as documention and to guard against changes.
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.SS close \-\-assign
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.SS close \-\-assign
|
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This prints an \[dq]opening balances\[dq] transaction that restores the
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|
This prints a transaction that assigns the account balances as they are
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|
|
account balances using balance assignments.
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on the end date (and adds an \[dq]assign:\[dq] tag).
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Balance assignments work regardless of any previous balance, so a
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Unlike balance assertions, assignments will post changes to balances as
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preceding closing balances transaction is not needed.
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needed to reach the specified amounts.
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.PP
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|
.PP
|
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|
|
However, omitting the closing balances transaction would unbalance
|
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|
|
This is another way to set starting balances when migrating to a new
|
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|
|
equity.
|
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|
file, and it will set them correctly even in the presence of earlier
|
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|
|
This is relatively harmless for personal reports, but it disturbs the
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|
|
files which do not have a closing balances transaction.
|
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|
accounting equation, removing a source of error detection.
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|
However, it can hide errors, and disturb the accounting equation, so
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|
So \f[CR]\-\-migrate\f[R] is generally the best way to set to set
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\f[CR]\-\-clopen\f[R] is usually recommended.
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balances in new files, for now.
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.SS close \-\-retain
|
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.SS close \-\-retain
|
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This is like \f[CR]\-\-close\f[R] with different defaults: it prints a
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|
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This is like \f[CR]\-\-close\f[R], but it closes Revenue and Expense
|
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|
|
\[dq]retain earnings\[dq] transaction (with \f[CR]retain:\f[R] tag),
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|
account balances by default.
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|
|
that transfers revenue and expense balances to
|
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|
|
They will be transferred to \f[CR]equity:retained earnings\f[R], or
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|
|
\f[CR]equity:retained earnings\f[R].
|
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|
|
another account specified with \f[CR]\-\-close\-acct\f[R].
|
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|
.PP
|
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|
.PP
|
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|
|
This is a different kind of closing, called \[dq]retaining earnings\[dq]
|
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|
|
Revenues and expenses correspond to changes in equity.
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|
|
or \[dq]closing the books\[dq]; it is traditionally performed by
|
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|
|
They are categorised separately for reporting purposes, but
|
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|
|
businesses at the end of each accounting period, to consolidate revenues
|
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|
|
traditionally at the end of each accounting period, businesses
|
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|
|
and expenses into the main equity balance.
|
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|
|
consolidate them into equity, This is called \[dq]retaining
|
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|
|
(\[dq]Revenues\[dq] and \[dq]expenses\[dq] are actually equity by
|
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|
|
earnings\[dq], or \[dq]closing the books\[dq].
|
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|
another name, kept separate temporarily for reporting purposes.)
|
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|
.PP
|
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|
.PP
|
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|
In personal accounting you generally don\[aq]t need to do this, unless
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|
In personal accounting, there\[aq]s not much reason to do this, and most
|
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|
|
you want the \f[CR]balancesheetequity\f[R] report to show a zero total,
|
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|
|
people don\[aq]t.
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|
demonstrating that the accounting equation (A\-L=E) is satisfied.
|
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|
(One reason to do it is to help the \f[CR]balancesheetequity\f[R] report
|
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|
|
show a zero total, demonstrating that the accounting equation (A\-L=E)
|
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|
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is satisfied.)
|
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|
.SS close customisation
|
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|
.SS close customisation
|
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|
|
In all modes, the following things can be overridden:
|
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|
|
In all modes, the following things can be overridden:
|
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|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
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|
|
.IP \[bu] 2
|
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|
|
@ -11577,7 +11669,7 @@ Close assets/liabilities on 2022\-12\-31 and re\-open them on
|
|
|
|
2023\-01\-01:
|
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|
|
2023\-01\-01:
|
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|
.IP
|
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|
.IP
|
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|
|
.EX
|
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|
.EX
|
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|
|
$ hledger close \-\-migrate \-f 2022.journal \-p 2022
|
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|
|
$ hledger close \-\-clopen \-f 2022.journal \-p 2022
|
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|
|
# copy/paste the closing transaction to the end of 2022.journal
|
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|
|
# copy/paste the closing transaction to the end of 2022.journal
|
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|
|
# copy/paste the opening transaction to the start of 2023.journal
|
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|
|
# copy/paste the opening transaction to the start of 2023.journal
|
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|
.EE
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|
.EE
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@ -11590,15 +11682,15 @@ $ hledger \-f 2022.journal bs not:desc:\[aq]closing balances\[aq]
|
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.EE
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.EE
|
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.PP
|
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.PP
|
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|
|
For more flexibility, it helps to tag closing and opening transactions
|
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|
|
For more flexibility, it helps to tag closing and opening transactions
|
|
|
|
with eg \f[CR]start:NEWYEAR\f[R], then you can ensure correct balances
|
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|
|
with eg \f[CR]clopen:NEWYEAR\f[R], then you can ensure correct balances
|
|
|
|
by excluding all opening/closing transactions except the first, like so:
|
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|
|
by excluding all opening/closing transactions except the first, like so:
|
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|
.IP
|
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|
.IP
|
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|
.EX
|
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|
.EX
|
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|
$ hledger bs \-Y \-f 2021.j \-f 2022.j \-f 2023.j expr:\[aq]tag:start=2021 or not tag:start\[aq]
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$ hledger bs \-Y \-f 2021.j \-f 2022.j \-f 2023.j expr:\[aq]tag:clopen=2021 or not tag:clopen\[aq]
|
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$ hledger bs \-Y \-f 2021.j \-f 2022.j expr:\[aq]tag:start=2021 or not tag:start\[aq]
|
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$ hledger bs \-Y \-f 2021.j \-f 2022.j expr:\[aq]tag:clopen=2021 or not tag:clopen\[aq]
|
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$ hledger bs \-Y \-f 2022.j \-f 2023.j expr:\[aq]tag:start=2022 or not tag:start\[aq]
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$ hledger bs \-Y \-f 2022.j \-f 2023.j expr:\[aq]tag:clopen=2022 or not tag:clopen\[aq]
|
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$ hledger bs \-Y \-f 2021.j expr:\[aq]tag:start=2021 or not tag:start\[aq]
|
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$ hledger bs \-Y \-f 2021.j expr:\[aq]tag:clopen=2021 or not tag:clopen\[aq]
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$ hledger bs \-Y \-f 2022.j expr:\[aq]tag:start=2022 or not tag:start\[aq]
|
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$ hledger bs \-Y \-f 2022.j expr:\[aq]tag:clopen=2022 or not tag:clopen\[aq]
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$ hledger bs \-Y \-f 2023.j # unclosed file, no query needed
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$ hledger bs \-Y \-f 2023.j # unclosed file, no query needed
|
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|
.EE
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.EE
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.SS More detailed close examples
|
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|
|
.SS More detailed close examples
|
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|
|
|
Simon Michael