918 lines
40 KiB
Plaintext
918 lines
40 KiB
Plaintext
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hledger_csv(5) hledger User Manuals hledger_csv(5)
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NAME
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CSV - how hledger reads CSV data, and the CSV rules file format
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DESCRIPTION
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hledger can read CSV (Comma Separated Value/Character Separated Value)
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files as if they were journal files, automatically converting each CSV
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record into a transaction. (To learn about writing CSV, see CSV out-
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put.)
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We describe each CSV file's format with a corresponding rules file. By
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default this is named like the CSV file with a .rules extension added.
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Eg when reading FILE.csv, hledger also looks for FILE.csv.rules in the
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same directory as FILE.csv. You can specify a different rules file
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with the --rules-file option. If a rules file is not found, hledger
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will create a sample rules file, which you'll need to adjust.
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This file contains rules describing the CSV data (header line, fields
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layout, date format etc.), and how to construct hledger journal entries
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(transactions) from it. Often there will also be a list of conditional
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rules for categorising transactions based on their descriptions.
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Here's an overview of the CSV rules; these are described more fully be-
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low, after the examples:
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skip skip one or more header lines or matched
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CSV records
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fields name CSV fields, assign them to hledger
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fields
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field assignment assign a value to one hledger field,
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with interpolation
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separator a custom field separator
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if block apply some rules to CSV records matched
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by patterns
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if table apply some rules to CSV records matched
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by patterns, alternate syntax
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end skip the remaining CSV records
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date-format describe the format of CSV dates
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newest-first disambiguate record order when there's
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only one date
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include inline another CSV rules file
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balance-type choose which type of balance assignments
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to use
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Note, for best error messages when reading CSV files, use a .csv, .tsv
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or .ssv file extension or file prefix - see File Extension below.
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There's an introductory Convert CSV files tutorial on hledger.org.
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EXAMPLES
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Here are some sample hledger CSV rules files. See also the full col-
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lection at:
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https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/tree/master/examples/csv
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Basic
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At minimum, the rules file must identify the date and amount fields,
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and often it also specifies the date format and how many header lines
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there are. Here's a simple CSV file and a rules file for it:
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Date, Description, Id, Amount
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12/11/2019, Foo, 123, 10.23
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# basic.csv.rules
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skip 1
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fields date, description, _, amount
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date-format %d/%m/%Y
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$ hledger print -f basic.csv
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2019-11-12 Foo
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expenses:unknown 10.23
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income:unknown -10.23
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Default account names are chosen, since we didn't set them.
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Bank of Ireland
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Here's a CSV with two amount fields (Debit and Credit), and a balance
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field, which we can use to add balance assertions, which is not neces-
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sary but provides extra error checking:
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Date,Details,Debit,Credit,Balance
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07/12/2012,LODGMENT 529898,,10.0,131.21
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07/12/2012,PAYMENT,5,,126
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# bankofireland-checking.csv.rules
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# skip the header line
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skip
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# name the csv fields, and assign some of them as journal entry fields
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fields date, description, amount-out, amount-in, balance
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# We generate balance assertions by assigning to "balance"
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# above, but you may sometimes need to remove these because:
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#
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# - the CSV balance differs from the true balance,
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# by up to 0.0000000000005 in my experience
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#
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# - it is sometimes calculated based on non-chronological ordering,
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# eg when multiple transactions clear on the same day
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# date is in UK/Ireland format
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date-format %d/%m/%Y
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# set the currency
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currency EUR
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# set the base account for all txns
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account1 assets:bank:boi:checking
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$ hledger -f bankofireland-checking.csv print
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2012-12-07 LODGMENT 529898
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assets:bank:boi:checking EUR10.0 = EUR131.2
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income:unknown EUR-10.0
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2012-12-07 PAYMENT
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assets:bank:boi:checking EUR-5.0 = EUR126.0
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expenses:unknown EUR5.0
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The balance assertions don't raise an error above, because we're read-
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ing directly from CSV, but they will be checked if these entries are
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imported into a journal file.
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Amazon
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Here we convert amazon.com order history, and use an if block to gener-
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ate a third posting if there's a fee. (In practice you'd probably get
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this data from your bank instead, but it's an example.)
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"Date","Type","To/From","Name","Status","Amount","Fees","Transaction ID"
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"Jul 29, 2012","Payment","To","Foo.","Completed","$20.00","$0.00","16000000000000DGLNJPI1P9B8DKPVHL"
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"Jul 30, 2012","Payment","To","Adapteva, Inc.","Completed","$25.00","$1.00","17LA58JSKRD4HDGLNJPI1P9B8DKPVHL"
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# amazon-orders.csv.rules
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# skip one header line
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skip 1
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# name the csv fields, and assign the transaction's date, amount and code.
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# Avoided the "status" and "amount" hledger field names to prevent confusion.
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fields date, _, toorfrom, name, amzstatus, amzamount, fees, code
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# how to parse the date
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date-format %b %-d, %Y
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# combine two fields to make the description
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description %toorfrom %name
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# save the status as a tag
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comment status:%amzstatus
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# set the base account for all transactions
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account1 assets:amazon
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# leave amount1 blank so it can balance the other(s).
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# I'm assuming amzamount excludes the fees, don't remember
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# set a generic account2
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account2 expenses:misc
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amount2 %amzamount
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# and maybe refine it further:
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#include categorisation.rules
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# add a third posting for fees, but only if they are non-zero.
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if %fees [1-9]
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account3 expenses:fees
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amount3 %fees
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$ hledger -f amazon-orders.csv print
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2012-07-29 (16000000000000DGLNJPI1P9B8DKPVHL) To Foo. ; status:Completed
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assets:amazon
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expenses:misc $20.00
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2012-07-30 (17LA58JSKRD4HDGLNJPI1P9B8DKPVHL) To Adapteva, Inc. ; status:Completed
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assets:amazon
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expenses:misc $25.00
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expenses:fees $1.00
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Paypal
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Here's a real-world rules file for (customised) Paypal CSV, with some
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Paypal-specific rules, and a second rules file included:
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"Date","Time","TimeZone","Name","Type","Status","Currency","Gross","Fee","Net","From Email Address","To Email Address","Transaction ID","Item Title","Item ID","Reference Txn ID","Receipt ID","Balance","Note"
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"10/01/2019","03:46:20","PDT","Calm Radio","Subscription Payment","Completed","USD","-6.99","0.00","-6.99","simon@joyful.com","memberships@calmradio.com","60P57143A8206782E","MONTHLY - $1 for the first 2 Months: Me - Order 99309. Item total: $1.00 USD first 2 months, then $6.99 / Month","","I-R8YLY094FJYR","","-6.99",""
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"10/01/2019","03:46:20","PDT","","Bank Deposit to PP Account ","Pending","USD","6.99","0.00","6.99","","simon@joyful.com","0TU1544T080463733","","","60P57143A8206782E","","0.00",""
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"10/01/2019","08:57:01","PDT","Patreon","PreApproved Payment Bill User Payment","Completed","USD","-7.00","0.00","-7.00","simon@joyful.com","support@patreon.com","2722394R5F586712G","Patreon* Membership","","B-0PG93074E7M86381M","","-7.00",""
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"10/01/2019","08:57:01","PDT","","Bank Deposit to PP Account ","Pending","USD","7.00","0.00","7.00","","simon@joyful.com","71854087RG994194F","Patreon* Membership","","2722394R5F586712G","","0.00",""
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"10/19/2019","03:02:12","PDT","Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","Subscription Payment","Completed","USD","-2.00","0.00","-2.00","simon@joyful.com","tle@wikimedia.org","K9U43044RY432050M","Monthly donation to the Wikimedia Foundation","","I-R5C3YUS3285L","","-2.00",""
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"10/19/2019","03:02:12","PDT","","Bank Deposit to PP Account ","Pending","USD","2.00","0.00","2.00","","simon@joyful.com","3XJ107139A851061F","","","K9U43044RY432050M","","0.00",""
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"10/22/2019","05:07:06","PDT","Noble Benefactor","Subscription Payment","Completed","USD","10.00","-0.59","9.41","noble@bene.fac.tor","simon@joyful.com","6L8L1662YP1334033","Joyful Systems","","I-KC9VBGY2GWDB","","9.41",""
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# paypal-custom.csv.rules
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# Tips:
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# Export from Activity -> Statements -> Custom -> Activity download
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# Suggested transaction type: "Balance affecting"
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# Paypal's default fields in 2018 were:
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# "Date","Time","TimeZone","Name","Type","Status","Currency","Gross","Fee","Net","From Email Address","To Email Address","Transaction ID","Shipping Address","Address Status","Item Title","Item ID","Shipping and Handling Amount","Insurance Amount","Sales Tax","Option 1 Name","Option 1 Value","Option 2 Name","Option 2 Value","Reference Txn ID","Invoice Number","Custom Number","Quantity","Receipt ID","Balance","Address Line 1","Address Line 2/District/Neighborhood","Town/City","State/Province/Region/County/Territory/Prefecture/Republic","Zip/Postal Code","Country","Contact Phone Number","Subject","Note","Country Code","Balance Impact"
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# This rules file assumes the following more detailed fields, configured in "Customize report fields":
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# "Date","Time","TimeZone","Name","Type","Status","Currency","Gross","Fee","Net","From Email Address","To Email Address","Transaction ID","Item Title","Item ID","Reference Txn ID","Receipt ID","Balance","Note"
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fields date, time, timezone, description_, type, status_, currency, grossamount, feeamount, netamount, fromemail, toemail, code, itemtitle, itemid, referencetxnid, receiptid, balance, note
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skip 1
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date-format %-m/%-d/%Y
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# ignore some paypal events
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if
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In Progress
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Temporary Hold
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Update to
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skip
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# add more fields to the description
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description %description_ %itemtitle
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# save some other fields as tags
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comment itemid:%itemid, fromemail:%fromemail, toemail:%toemail, time:%time, type:%type, status:%status_
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# convert to short currency symbols
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if %currency USD
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currency $
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if %currency EUR
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currency E
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if %currency GBP
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currency P
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# generate postings
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# the first posting will be the money leaving/entering my paypal account
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# (negative means leaving my account, in all amount fields)
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account1 assets:online:paypal
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amount1 %netamount
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# the second posting will be money sent to/received from other party
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# (account2 is set below)
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amount2 -%grossamount
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# if there's a fee, add a third posting for the money taken by paypal.
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if %feeamount [1-9]
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account3 expenses:banking:paypal
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amount3 -%feeamount
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comment3 business:
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# choose an account for the second posting
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# override the default account names:
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# if the amount is positive, it's income (a debit)
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if %grossamount ^[^-]
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account2 income:unknown
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# if negative, it's an expense (a credit)
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if %grossamount ^-
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account2 expenses:unknown
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# apply common rules for setting account2 & other tweaks
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include common.rules
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# apply some overrides specific to this csv
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# Transfers from/to bank. These are usually marked Pending,
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# which can be disregarded in this case.
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if
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Bank Account
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Bank Deposit to PP Account
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description %type for %referencetxnid %itemtitle
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account2 assets:bank:wf:pchecking
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account1 assets:online:paypal
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# Currency conversions
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if Currency Conversion
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account2 equity:currency conversion
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# common.rules
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if
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darcs
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noble benefactor
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account2 revenues:foss donations:darcshub
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comment2 business:
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if
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Calm Radio
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account2 expenses:online:apps
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if
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electronic frontier foundation
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Patreon
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wikimedia
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Advent of Code
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account2 expenses:dues
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if Google
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account2 expenses:online:apps
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description google | music
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$ hledger -f paypal-custom.csv print
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2019-10-01 (60P57143A8206782E) Calm Radio MONTHLY - $1 for the first 2 Months: Me - Order 99309. Item total: $1.00 USD first 2 months, then $6.99 / Month ; itemid:, fromemail:simon@joyful.com, toemail:memberships@calmradio.com, time:03:46:20, type:Subscription Payment, status:Completed
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assets:online:paypal $-6.99 = $-6.99
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expenses:online:apps $6.99
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2019-10-01 (0TU1544T080463733) Bank Deposit to PP Account for 60P57143A8206782E ; itemid:, fromemail:, toemail:simon@joyful.com, time:03:46:20, type:Bank Deposit to PP Account, status:Pending
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assets:online:paypal $6.99 = $0.00
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assets:bank:wf:pchecking $-6.99
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2019-10-01 (2722394R5F586712G) Patreon Patreon* Membership ; itemid:, fromemail:simon@joyful.com, toemail:support@patreon.com, time:08:57:01, type:PreApproved Payment Bill User Payment, status:Completed
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assets:online:paypal $-7.00 = $-7.00
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expenses:dues $7.00
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2019-10-01 (71854087RG994194F) Bank Deposit to PP Account for 2722394R5F586712G Patreon* Membership ; itemid:, fromemail:, toemail:simon@joyful.com, time:08:57:01, type:Bank Deposit to PP Account, status:Pending
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assets:online:paypal $7.00 = $0.00
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assets:bank:wf:pchecking $-7.00
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2019-10-19 (K9U43044RY432050M) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Monthly donation to the Wikimedia Foundation ; itemid:, fromemail:simon@joyful.com, toemail:tle@wikimedia.org, time:03:02:12, type:Subscription Payment, status:Completed
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assets:online:paypal $-2.00 = $-2.00
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expenses:dues $2.00
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expenses:banking:paypal ; business:
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2019-10-19 (3XJ107139A851061F) Bank Deposit to PP Account for K9U43044RY432050M ; itemid:, fromemail:, toemail:simon@joyful.com, time:03:02:12, type:Bank Deposit to PP Account, status:Pending
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assets:online:paypal $2.00 = $0.00
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assets:bank:wf:pchecking $-2.00
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2019-10-22 (6L8L1662YP1334033) Noble Benefactor Joyful Systems ; itemid:, fromemail:noble@bene.fac.tor, toemail:simon@joyful.com, time:05:07:06, type:Subscription Payment, status:Completed
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assets:online:paypal $9.41 = $9.41
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revenues:foss donations:darcshub $-10.00 ; business:
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expenses:banking:paypal $0.59 ; business:
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CSV RULES
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The following kinds of rule can appear in the rules file, in any order.
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Blank lines and lines beginning with # or ; are ignored.
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skip
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skip N
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The word "skip" followed by a number (or no number, meaning 1) tells
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hledger to ignore this many non-empty lines preceding the CSV data.
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(Empty/blank lines are skipped automatically.) You'll need this when-
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ever your CSV data contains header lines.
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It also has a second purpose: it can be used inside if blocks to ignore
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certain CSV records (described below).
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fields
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fields FIELDNAME1, FIELDNAME2, ...
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A fields list (the word "fields" followed by comma-separated field
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names) is the quick way to assign CSV field values to hledger fields.
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It does two things:
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1. it names the CSV fields. This is optional, but can be convenient
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later for interpolating them.
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2. when you use a standard hledger field name, it assigns the CSV value
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to that part of the hledger transaction.
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Here's an example that says "use the 1st, 2nd and 4th fields as the
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transaction's date, description and amount; name the last two fields
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for later reference; and ignore the others":
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fields date, description, , amount, , , somefield, anotherfield
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Field names may not contain whitespace. Fields you don't care about
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can be left unnamed. Currently there must be least two items (there
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must be at least one comma).
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Note, always use comma in the fields list, even if your CSV uses an-
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other separator character.
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Here are the standard hledger field/pseudo-field names. For more about
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the transaction parts they refer to, see the manual for hledger's jour-
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nal format.
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Transaction field names
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date, date2, status, code, description, comment can be used to form the
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transaction's first line.
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Posting field names
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account
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accountN, where N is 1 to 99, causes a posting to be generated, with
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that account name.
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Most often there are two postings, so you'll want to set account1 and
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account2. Typically account1 is associated with the CSV file, and is
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set once with a top-level assignment, while account2 is set based on
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each transaction's description, and in conditional blocks.
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If a posting's account name is left unset but its amount is set (see
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below), a default account name will be chosen (like "expenses:unknown"
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or "income:unknown").
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amount
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amountN sets posting N's amount. If the CSV uses separate fields for
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inflows and outflows, you can use amountN-in and amountN-out instead.
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By assigning to amount1, amount2, ... etc. you can generate anywhere
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from 0 to 99 postings.
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There is also an older, unnumbered form of these names, suitable for
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2-posting transactions, which sets both posting 1's and (negated) post-
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ing 2's amount: amount, or amount-in and amount-out. This is still
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supported because it keeps pre-hledger-1.17 csv rules files working,
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and because it can be more succinct, and because it converts posting
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2's amount to cost if there's a transaction price, which can be useful.
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If you have an existing rules file using the unnumbered form, you might
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want to use the numbered form in certain conditional blocks, without
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having to update and retest all the old rules. To facilitate this,
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posting 1 ignores amount/amount-in/amount-out if any of
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amount1/amount1-in/amount1-out are assigned, and posting 2 ignores them
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if any of amount2/amount2-in/amount2-out are assigned, avoiding con-
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flicts.
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currency
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If the CSV has the currency symbol in a separate field (ie, not part of
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the amount field), you can use currencyN to prepend it to posting N's
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amount. Or, currency with no number affects all postings.
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balance
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balanceN sets a balance assertion amount (or if the posting amount is
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left empty, a balance assignment) on posting N.
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Also, for compatibility with hledger <1.17: balance with no number is
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equivalent to balance1.
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You can adjust the type of assertion/assignment with the balance-type
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rule (see below).
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comment
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Finally, commentN sets a comment on the Nth posting. Comments can also
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contain tags, as usual.
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See TIPS below for more about setting amounts and currency.
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field assignment
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HLEDGERFIELDNAME FIELDVALUE
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Instead of or in addition to a fields list, you can use a "field as-
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signment" rule to set the value of a single hledger field, by writing
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its name (any of the standard hledger field names above) followed by a
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text value. The value may contain interpolated CSV fields, referenced
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by their 1-based position in the CSV record (%N), or by the name they
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were given in the fields list (%CSVFIELDNAME). Some examples:
|
|
|
|
# set the amount to the 4th CSV field, with " USD" appended
|
|
amount %4 USD
|
|
|
|
# combine three fields to make a comment, containing note: and date: tags
|
|
comment note: %somefield - %anotherfield, date: %1
|
|
|
|
Interpolation strips outer whitespace (so a CSV value like " 1 " be-
|
|
comes 1 when interpolated) (#1051). See TIPS below for more about ref-
|
|
erencing other fields.
|
|
|
|
separator
|
|
You can use the separator directive to read other kinds of character-
|
|
separated data. Eg to read SSV (Semicolon Separated Values), use:
|
|
|
|
separator ;
|
|
|
|
The separator directive accepts exactly one single byte character as a
|
|
separator. To specify whitespace characters, you may use the special
|
|
words TAB or SPACE. Eg to read TSV (Tab Separated Values), use:
|
|
|
|
separator TAB
|
|
|
|
See also: File Extension.
|
|
|
|
if block
|
|
if MATCHER
|
|
RULE
|
|
|
|
if
|
|
MATCHER
|
|
MATCHER
|
|
MATCHER
|
|
RULE
|
|
RULE
|
|
|
|
Conditional blocks ("if blocks") are a block of rules that are applied
|
|
only to CSV records which match certain patterns. They are often used
|
|
for customising account names based on transaction descriptions.
|
|
|
|
Matching the whole record
|
|
Each MATCHER can be a record matcher, which looks like this:
|
|
|
|
REGEX
|
|
|
|
REGEX is a case-insensitive regular expression which tries to match
|
|
anywhere within the CSV record. It is a POSIX ERE (extended regular
|
|
expression) that also supports GNU word boundaries (\b, \B, \<, \>),
|
|
and nothing else. If you have trouble, be sure to check our
|
|
https://hledger.org/hledger.html#regular-expressions doc.
|
|
|
|
Important note: the record that is matched is not the original record,
|
|
but a synthetic one, with any enclosing double quotes (but not enclos-
|
|
ing whitespace) removed, and always comma-separated (which means that a
|
|
field containing a comma will appear like two fields). Eg, if the
|
|
original record is 2020-01-01; "Acme, Inc."; 1,000, the REGEX will ac-
|
|
tually see 2020-01-01,Acme, Inc., 1,000).
|
|
|
|
Matching individual fields
|
|
Or, MATCHER can be a field matcher, like this:
|
|
|
|
%CSVFIELD REGEX
|
|
|
|
which matches just the content of a particular CSV field. CSVFIELD is
|
|
a percent sign followed by the field's name or column number, like
|
|
%date or %1.
|
|
|
|
Combining matchers
|
|
A single matcher can be written on the same line as the "if"; or multi-
|
|
ple matchers can be written on the following lines, non-indented. Mul-
|
|
tiple matchers are OR'd (any one of them can match), unless one begins
|
|
with an & symbol, in which case it is AND'ed with the previous matcher.
|
|
|
|
if
|
|
MATCHER
|
|
& MATCHER
|
|
RULE
|
|
|
|
Rules applied on successful match
|
|
After the patterns there should be one or more rules to apply, all in-
|
|
dented by at least one space. Three kinds of rule are allowed in con-
|
|
ditional blocks:
|
|
|
|
o field assignments (to set a hledger field)
|
|
|
|
o skip (to skip the matched CSV record)
|
|
|
|
o end (to skip all remaining CSV records).
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
|
|
# if the CSV record contains "groceries", set account2 to "expenses:groceries"
|
|
if groceries
|
|
account2 expenses:groceries
|
|
|
|
# if the CSV record contains any of these patterns, set account2 and comment as shown
|
|
if
|
|
monthly service fee
|
|
atm transaction fee
|
|
banking thru software
|
|
account2 expenses:business:banking
|
|
comment XXX deductible ? check it
|
|
|
|
if table
|
|
if,CSVFIELDNAME1,CSVFIELDNAME2,...,CSVFIELDNAMEn
|
|
MATCHER1,VALUE11,VALUE12,...,VALUE1n
|
|
MATCHER2,VALUE21,VALUE22,...,VALUE2n
|
|
MATCHER3,VALUE31,VALUE32,...,VALUE3n
|
|
<empty line>
|
|
|
|
Conditional tables ("if tables") are a different syntax to specify
|
|
field assignments that will be applied only to CSV records which match
|
|
certain patterns.
|
|
|
|
MATCHER could be either field or record matcher, as described above.
|
|
When MATCHER matches, values from that row would be assigned to the CSV
|
|
fields named on the if line, in the same order.
|
|
|
|
Therefore if table is exactly equivalent to a sequence of of if blocks:
|
|
|
|
if MATCHER1
|
|
CSVFIELDNAME1 VALUE11
|
|
CSVFIELDNAME2 VALUE12
|
|
...
|
|
CSVFIELDNAMEn VALUE1n
|
|
|
|
if MATCHER2
|
|
CSVFIELDNAME1 VALUE21
|
|
CSVFIELDNAME2 VALUE22
|
|
...
|
|
CSVFIELDNAMEn VALUE2n
|
|
|
|
if MATCHER3
|
|
CSVFIELDNAME1 VALUE31
|
|
CSVFIELDNAME2 VALUE32
|
|
...
|
|
CSVFIELDNAMEn VALUE3n
|
|
|
|
Each line starting with MATCHER should contain enough (possibly empty)
|
|
values for all the listed fields.
|
|
|
|
Rules would be checked and applied in the order they are listed in the
|
|
table and, like with if blocks, later rules (in the same or another ta-
|
|
ble) or if blocks could override the effect of any rule.
|
|
|
|
Instead of ',' you can use a variety of other non-alphanumeric charac-
|
|
ters as a separator. First character after if is taken to be the sepa-
|
|
rator for the rest of the table. It is the responsibility of the user
|
|
to ensure that separator does not occur inside MATCHERs and values -
|
|
there is no way to escape separator.
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
|
|
if,account2,comment
|
|
atm transaction fee,expenses:business:banking,deductible? check it
|
|
%description groceries,expenses:groceries,
|
|
2020/01/12.*Plumbing LLC,expenses:house:upkeep,emergency plumbing call-out
|
|
|
|
end
|
|
This rule can be used inside if blocks (only), to make hledger stop
|
|
reading this CSV file and move on to the next input file, or to command
|
|
execution. Eg:
|
|
|
|
# ignore everything following the first empty record
|
|
if ,,,,
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
date-format
|
|
date-format DATEFMT
|
|
|
|
This is a helper for the date (and date2) fields. If your CSV dates
|
|
are not formatted like YYYY-MM-DD, YYYY/MM/DD or YYYY.MM.DD, you'll
|
|
need to add a date-format rule describing them with a strptime date
|
|
parsing pattern, which must parse the CSV date value completely. Some
|
|
examples:
|
|
|
|
# MM/DD/YY
|
|
date-format %m/%d/%y
|
|
|
|
# D/M/YYYY
|
|
# The - makes leading zeros optional.
|
|
date-format %-d/%-m/%Y
|
|
|
|
# YYYY-Mmm-DD
|
|
date-format %Y-%h-%d
|
|
|
|
# M/D/YYYY HH:MM AM some other junk
|
|
# Note the time and junk must be fully parsed, though only the date is used.
|
|
date-format %-m/%-d/%Y %l:%M %p some other junk
|
|
|
|
For the supported strptime syntax, see:
|
|
https://hackage.haskell.org/package/time/docs/Data-Time-For-
|
|
mat.html#v:formatTime
|
|
|
|
newest-first
|
|
hledger always sorts the generated transactions by date. Transactions
|
|
on the same date should appear in the same order as their CSV records,
|
|
as hledger can usually auto-detect whether the CSV's normal order is
|
|
oldest first or newest first. But if all of the following are true:
|
|
|
|
o the CSV might sometimes contain just one day of data (all records
|
|
having the same date)
|
|
|
|
o the CSV records are normally in reverse chronological order (newest
|
|
at the top)
|
|
|
|
o and you care about preserving the order of same-day transactions
|
|
|
|
then, you should add the newest-first rule as a hint. Eg:
|
|
|
|
# tell hledger explicitly that the CSV is normally newest first
|
|
newest-first
|
|
|
|
include
|
|
include RULESFILE
|
|
|
|
This includes the contents of another CSV rules file at this point.
|
|
RULESFILE is an absolute file path or a path relative to the current
|
|
file's directory. This can be useful for sharing common rules between
|
|
several rules files, eg:
|
|
|
|
# someaccount.csv.rules
|
|
|
|
## someaccount-specific rules
|
|
fields date,description,amount
|
|
account1 assets:someaccount
|
|
account2 expenses:misc
|
|
|
|
## common rules
|
|
include categorisation.rules
|
|
|
|
balance-type
|
|
Balance assertions generated by assigning to balanceN are of the simple
|
|
= type by default, which is a single-commodity, subaccount-excluding
|
|
assertion. You may find the subaccount-including variants more useful,
|
|
eg if you have created some virtual subaccounts of checking to help
|
|
with budgeting. You can select a different type of assertion with the
|
|
balance-type rule:
|
|
|
|
# balance assertions will consider all commodities and all subaccounts
|
|
balance-type ==*
|
|
|
|
Here are the balance assertion types for quick reference:
|
|
|
|
= single commodity, exclude subaccounts
|
|
=* single commodity, include subaccounts
|
|
== multi commodity, exclude subaccounts
|
|
==* multi commodity, include subaccounts
|
|
|
|
TIPS
|
|
Rapid feedback
|
|
It's a good idea to get rapid feedback while creating/troubleshooting
|
|
CSV rules. Here's a good way, using entr from http://eradman.com/entr-
|
|
project :
|
|
|
|
$ ls foo.csv* | entr bash -c 'echo ----; hledger -f foo.csv print desc:SOMEDESC'
|
|
|
|
A desc: query (eg) is used to select just one, or a few, transactions
|
|
of interest. "bash -c" is used to run multiple commands, so we can
|
|
echo a separator each time the command re-runs, making it easier to
|
|
read the output.
|
|
|
|
Valid CSV
|
|
hledger accepts CSV conforming to RFC 4180. When CSV values are en-
|
|
closed in quotes, note:
|
|
|
|
o they must be double quotes (not single quotes)
|
|
|
|
o spaces outside the quotes are not allowed
|
|
|
|
File Extension
|
|
CSV ("Character Separated Values") files should be named with one of
|
|
these filename extensions: .csv, .ssv, .tsv. Or, the file path should
|
|
be prefixed with one of csv:, ssv:, tsv:. This helps hledger identify
|
|
the format and show the right error messages. For example:
|
|
|
|
$ hledger -f foo.ssv print
|
|
|
|
or:
|
|
|
|
$ cat foo | hledger -f ssv:- foo
|
|
|
|
More about this: Input files in the hledger manual.
|
|
|
|
Reading multiple CSV files
|
|
If you use multiple -f options to read multiple CSV files at once,
|
|
hledger will look for a correspondingly-named rules file for each CSV
|
|
file. But if you use the --rules-file option, that rules file will be
|
|
used for all the CSV files.
|
|
|
|
Valid transactions
|
|
After reading a CSV file, hledger post-processes and validates the gen-
|
|
erated journal entries as it would for a journal file - balancing them,
|
|
applying balance assignments, and canonicalising amount styles. Any
|
|
errors at this stage will be reported in the usual way, displaying the
|
|
problem entry.
|
|
|
|
There is one exception: balance assertions, if you have generated them,
|
|
will not be checked, since normally these will work only when the CSV
|
|
data is part of the main journal. If you do need to check balance as-
|
|
sertions generated from CSV right away, pipe into another hledger:
|
|
|
|
$ hledger -f file.csv print | hledger -f- print
|
|
|
|
Deduplicating, importing
|
|
When you download a CSV file periodically, eg to get your latest bank
|
|
transactions, the new file may overlap with the old one, containing
|
|
some of the same records.
|
|
|
|
The import command will (a) detect the new transactions, and (b) append
|
|
just those transactions to your main journal. It is idempotent, so you
|
|
don't have to remember how many times you ran it or with which version
|
|
of the CSV. (It keeps state in a hidden .latest.FILE.csv file.) This
|
|
is the easiest way to import CSV data. Eg:
|
|
|
|
# download the latest CSV files, then run this command.
|
|
# Note, no -f flags needed here.
|
|
$ hledger import *.csv [--dry]
|
|
|
|
This method works for most CSV files. (Where records have a stable
|
|
chronological order, and new records appear only at the new end.)
|
|
|
|
A number of other tools and workflows, hledger-specific and otherwise,
|
|
exist for converting, deduplicating, classifying and managing CSV data.
|
|
See:
|
|
|
|
o https://hledger.org -> sidebar -> real world setups
|
|
|
|
o https://plaintextaccounting.org -> data import/conversion
|
|
|
|
Setting amounts
|
|
A posting amount can be set in one of these ways:
|
|
|
|
o by assigning (with a fields list or field assignment) to amountN
|
|
(posting N's amount) or amount (posting 1's amount)
|
|
|
|
o by assigning to amountN-in and amountN-out (or amount-in and amount-
|
|
out). For each CSV record, whichever of these has a non-zero value
|
|
will be used, with appropriate sign. If both contain a non-zero
|
|
value, this may not work.
|
|
|
|
o by assigning to balanceN (or balance) instead of the above, setting
|
|
the amount indirectly via a balance assignment. If you do this the
|
|
default account name may be wrong, so you should set that explicitly.
|
|
|
|
There is some special handling for an amount's sign:
|
|
|
|
o If an amount value is parenthesised, it will be de-parenthesised and
|
|
sign-flipped.
|
|
|
|
o If an amount value begins with a double minus sign, those cancel out
|
|
and are removed.
|
|
|
|
o If an amount value begins with a plus sign, that will be removed
|
|
|
|
Setting currency/commodity
|
|
If the currency/commodity symbol is included in the CSV's amount
|
|
field(s), you don't have to do anything special.
|
|
|
|
If the currency is provided as a separate CSV field, you can either:
|
|
|
|
o assign that to currency, which adds it to all posting amounts. The
|
|
symbol will prepended to the amount quantity (on the left side). If
|
|
you write a trailing space after the symbol, there will be a space
|
|
between symbol and amount (an exception to the usual whitespace
|
|
stripping).
|
|
|
|
o or assign it to currencyN which adds it to posting N's amount only.
|
|
|
|
o or for more control, construct the amount from symbol and quantity
|
|
using field assignment, eg:
|
|
|
|
fields date,description,currency,quantity
|
|
# add currency symbol on the right:
|
|
amount %quantity %currency
|
|
|
|
Referencing other fields
|
|
In field assignments, you can interpolate only CSV fields, not hledger
|
|
fields. In the example below, there's both a CSV field and a hledger
|
|
field named amount1, but %amount1 always means the CSV field, not the
|
|
hledger field:
|
|
|
|
# Name the third CSV field "amount1"
|
|
fields date,description,amount1
|
|
|
|
# Set hledger's amount1 to the CSV amount1 field followed by USD
|
|
amount1 %amount1 USD
|
|
|
|
# Set comment to the CSV amount1 (not the amount1 assigned above)
|
|
comment %amount1
|
|
|
|
Here, since there's no CSV amount1 field, %amount1 will produce a lit-
|
|
eral "amount1":
|
|
|
|
fields date,description,csvamount
|
|
amount1 %csvamount USD
|
|
# Can't interpolate amount1 here
|
|
comment %amount1
|
|
|
|
When there are multiple field assignments to the same hledger field,
|
|
only the last one takes effect. Here, comment's value will be be B, or
|
|
C if "something" is matched, but never A:
|
|
|
|
comment A
|
|
comment B
|
|
if something
|
|
comment C
|
|
|
|
How CSV rules are evaluated
|
|
Here's how to think of CSV rules being evaluated (if you really need
|
|
to). First,
|
|
|
|
o include - all includes are inlined, from top to bottom, depth first.
|
|
(At each include point the file is inlined and scanned for further
|
|
includes, recursively, before proceeding.)
|
|
|
|
Then "global" rules are evaluated, top to bottom. If a rule is re-
|
|
peated, the last one wins:
|
|
|
|
o skip (at top level)
|
|
|
|
o date-format
|
|
|
|
o newest-first
|
|
|
|
o fields - names the CSV fields, optionally sets up initial assignments
|
|
to hledger fields
|
|
|
|
Then for each CSV record in turn:
|
|
|
|
o test all if blocks. If any of them contain a end rule, skip all re-
|
|
maining CSV records. Otherwise if any of them contain a skip rule,
|
|
skip that many CSV records. If there are multiple matched skip
|
|
rules, the first one wins.
|
|
|
|
o collect all field assignments at top level and in matched if blocks.
|
|
When there are multiple assignments for a field, keep only the last
|
|
one.
|
|
|
|
o compute a value for each hledger field - either the one that was as-
|
|
signed to it (and interpolate the %CSVFIELDNAME references), or a de-
|
|
fault
|
|
|
|
o generate a synthetic hledger transaction from these values.
|
|
|
|
This is all part of the CSV reader, one of several readers hledger can
|
|
use to parse input files. When all files have been read successfully,
|
|
the transactions are passed as input to whichever hledger command the
|
|
user specified.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
REPORTING BUGS
|
|
Report bugs at http://bugs.hledger.org (or on the #hledger IRC channel
|
|
or hledger mail list)
|
|
|
|
|
|
AUTHORS
|
|
Simon Michael <simon@joyful.com> and contributors
|
|
|
|
|
|
COPYRIGHT
|
|
Copyright (C) 2007-2019 Simon Michael.
|
|
Released under GNU GPL v3 or later.
|
|
|
|
|
|
SEE ALSO
|
|
hledger(1), hledger-ui(1), hledger-web(1), hledger-api(1),
|
|
hledger_csv(5), hledger_journal(5), hledger_timeclock(5), hledger_time-
|
|
dot(5), ledger(1)
|
|
|
|
http://hledger.org
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
hledger 1.18.99 July 2020 hledger_csv(5)
|