hledger/MANUAL

hledger manual
==============

This is the official hledger manual. You may also want to visit
the http://hledger.org home page,
the `hledger for techies`_ page,
and for background, `c++ ledger's manual`_.
A tip: on hledger.org, these docs are also available with .pdf suffix.


User Guide
----------

Introduction
............

hledger is a program for tracking money, time, or any other commodity,
using a plain text file format and the simple but powerful principles of
double-entry accounting.

It is modelled closely on `John Wiegley's ledger`_ (aka "c++ ledger"),
with some features removed and some new ones added.  I wrote hledger
because I wanted to build financial tools in the Haskell programming
language rather than in C++.

hledger's basic function is to generate register and balance reports from
a plain text ledger file, at the command line or via the web or curses
interface. You can use it to, eg,

- track spending and income
- see time reports by day/week/month/project
- get accurate numbers for client billing and tax filing
- track invoices

hledger aims to help both computer experts and every-day users gain clarity in their finances and time management.
For now though, it is most useful to technically-minded folks who are comfortable with command-line tools.

hledger is copyright (c) 2007-2009 Simon Michael <simon@joyful.com> and
contributors and released as Free Software under GPL version 3 or later.

Installing
..........

hledger works on all major platforms. One of these pre-built binaries_ might work for you.
If not, please `report the problem <http://hledger.org/README2.html#support>`_, then
install the `Haskell Platform`_ and type::

 cabal update
 cabal install hledger

You can add some options to the install command to include extra features:

- Add ``-fvty`` to build the `ui <#ui>`_ command. This is not available on microsoft windows.

- Add ``-fweb`` to build the `web <#web>`_ command.

- Add ``-fchart`` to build the `chart <#chart>`_ command. This requires
  gtk2hs_, which you'll need to install yourself as it's not yet provided
  by the haskell platform or cabal.

Here are some issues that have been encountered, with workarounds:

- cabal-install 0.6.4 might succeed if cabal-install 0.6.2 does not

- In some cases, cabal install can fail with a compilation or link error
due to incompatible package versions.  You can sometimes work around this
by specifying versions manually.  Eg here's a recipe for haskell platform
2009.2.0.2 on MS Windows::

 cabal install hledger -fweb --constraint="haskell-src-meta < 0.0.6" --constraint="syb-with-class < 0.6.1"

- A ghc panic while building might be due to http://hackage.haskell.org/trac/ghc/ticket/3862

Basic usage
...........

Basic usage is::

 hledger [OPTIONS] [COMMAND [PATTERNS]]

`OPTIONS <#overview>`_ may appear anywhere on the command line.
`COMMAND <#commands>`_ is one of: add, balance, chart, convert, histogram,
print, register, stats, ui, web, test (defaulting to balance).  The
optional `PATTERNS <#filter-patterns>`_ are regular expressions which
select a subset of the ledger data.

hledger looks for data in a ledger file, usually ``.ledger`` in your home
directory.  You can specify a different file with the -f option (use - for
standard input) or ``LEDGER`` environment variable.

To get started, make yourself a ledger file containing some transactions.
You can copy the sample file below (or sample.ledger_) and save it as
``.ledger`` in your home directory.  Or, just run ``hledger add`` and enter a
few transactions. Now you can try some of these commands, or read on::

 hledger --help                        # show command-line help
 hledger balance                       # all accounts with aggregated balances
 hledger bal --depth 1                 # only top-level accounts
 hledger register                      # transaction register
 hledger reg income                    # transactions to/from an income account
 hledger reg checking                  # checking transactions
 hledger reg desc:shop                 # transactions with shop in the description
 hledger histogram                     # transactions per day, or other interval
 hledger add                           # add some new transactions to the ledger file
 hledger ui                            # curses ui, if installed with -fvty
 hledger web                           # web ui, if installed with -fweb
 hledger chart                         # make a balance chart, if installed with -fchart

You'll find more examples below.

File format
...........

hledger's data file, aka the ledger, is a plain text representation of a
standard accounting journal. It contains a number of transactions, each
describing a transfer of money (or another commodity) between two or more
named accounts. Here's an example::

 ; A sample ledger file. This is a comment.
 
 2008/01/01 income               ; <- transaction's first line starts in column 0, contains date and description
     assets:bank:checking  $1    ; <- posting lines start with whitespace, each contains an account name
     income:salary        $-1    ;    followed by at least two spaces and an amount
 
 2008/06/01 gift
     assets:bank:checking  $1    ; <- at least two postings in a transaction
     income:gifts         $-1    ; <- their amounts must balance to 0
 
 2008/06/02 save
     assets:bank:saving    $1
     assets:bank:checking        ; <- one amount may be omitted; here $-1 is inferred
 
 2008/06/03 eat & shop           ; <- description can be anything
     expenses:food         $1
     expenses:supplies     $1    ; <- this transaction debits two expense accounts
     assets:cash                 ; <- $-2 inferred
 
 2008/12/31 * pay off            ; <- an optional * after the date means "cleared" (or anything you want)
     liabilities:debts     $1
     assets:bank:checking

Each transaction has a date, description, and two or more postings (of
some amount to some account) which must balance to 0. As a convenience,
one posting's amount may be left blank and will be inferred.

Note that account names may contain single spaces, while the amount must
be separated from the account name by at least two spaces.

An amount is a number, with an optional currency/commodity symbol or word
on either the left or right. Note: when writing a negative amount with a
left-side currency symbol, the minus goes after the symbol, eg ``$-1``.

This file format is also compatible with c++ ledger, so you can use both tools.
For more details, see `File format compatibility <#file-format-compatibility>`_.


Reference
---------

Overview
........

This version of hledger mimics a subset of ledger 3.x, and adds some
features of its own. We currently support regular ledger entries, timelog
entries, multiple commodities, (fixed) price history, virtual postings,
filtering by account and description, the familiar print, register &
balance commands and several new commands. We handle (almost) the full
period expression syntax, and very limited display expressions consisting
of a simple date predicate.

Here is the command-line help::

 Usage: hledger [OPTIONS] [COMMAND [PATTERNS]]
        hledger [OPTIONS] convert CSVFILE
        hledger [OPTIONS] stats

 hledger uses your ~/.ledger or $LEDGER file, or another specified with -f

 COMMAND is one of (may be abbreviated):
  add       - prompt for new transactions and add them to the ledger
  balance   - show accounts, with balances
  convert   - read CSV bank data and display in ledger format
  histogram - show a barchart of transactions per day or other interval
  print     - show transactions in ledger format
  register  - show transactions as a register with running balance
  stats     - show various statistics for a ledger
  ui        - run a simple text-based UI
  web       - run a simple web-based UI
  chart     - generate balances pie chart
  test      - run self-tests

 PATTERNS are regular expressions which filter by account name.
 Prefix with desc: to filter by transaction description instead.
 Prefix with not: to negate a pattern. When using both, not: comes last.

 DATES can be y/m/d or ledger-style smart dates like "last month".

 Options:
  -f FILE  --file=FILE          use a different ledger/timelog file; - means stdin
           --no-new-accounts    don't allow to create new accounts
  -b DATE  --begin=DATE         report on transactions on or after this date
  -e DATE  --end=DATE           report on transactions before this date
  -p EXPR  --period=EXPR        report on transactions during the specified period
                                and/or with the specified reporting interval
  -C       --cleared            report only on cleared transactions
  -U       --uncleared          report only on uncleared transactions
  -B       --cost, --basis      report cost of commodities
           --depth=N            hide accounts/transactions deeper than this
  -d EXPR  --display=EXPR       show only transactions matching EXPR (where
                                EXPR is 'dOP[DATE]' and OP is <, <=, =, >=, >)
           --effective          use transactions' effective dates, if any
  -E       --empty              show empty/zero things which are normally elided
  -R       --real               report only on real (non-virtual) transactions
           --no-total           balance report: hide the final total
  -W       --weekly             register report: show weekly summary
  -M       --monthly            register report: show monthly summary
  -Q       --quarterly          register report: show quarterly summary
  -Y       --yearly             register report: show yearly summary
  -h       --help               show this help
  -V       --version            show version information
  -v       --verbose            show verbose test output
           --binary-filename    show the download filename for this hledger build
           --debug              show extra debug output; implies verbose
           --debug-no-ui        run ui commands with no output
  -o FILE  --output=FILE        chart: output filename (default: hledger.png)
           --items=N            chart: number of accounts to show (default: 10)
           --size=WIDTHxHEIGHT  chart: image size (default: 600x400)
 
Commands
........

Reporting commands
""""""""""""""""""

These commands are read-only, that is they never modify your data.

print
'''''

The print command displays full transactions from the ledger file, tidily
formatted and showing all amounts explicitly. The output of print is
always valid ledger data. 

hledger's print command also shows all unit prices in effect, or
(with -B/--cost) shows cost amounts.

Examples::

 $ hledger print
 $ hledger print employees:bob | hledger -f- register expenses

register
''''''''

The register command displays postings, one per line, and their running
total.  With a `reporting interval <#reporting-interval>`_ it will
aggregate similar postings within each interval.

Examples::

 $ hledger register
 $ hledger register --monthly -E rent

balance
'''''''

The balance command displays accounts and their balances.

Examples::

 $ hledger balance
 $ hledger balance food -p 'last month'
 $ for y in 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010; do echo; echo $y; hledger -f $y.ledger balance ^expenses --depth 2; done

chart
'''''

(optional feature)

The chart command saves a pie chart of your top account balances to an
image file (usually "hledger.png", or use -o/--output FILE). You can adjust the
image resolution with --size=WIDTHxHEIGHT, and the number of accounts with
--items=N.

Note that positive and negative balances will not be displayed together in
the same chart; any balances not matching the sign of the first one will
be omitted.

To show only accounts above a certain depth, use the --depth option.
Otherwise, the chart can include accounts at any depth. If a parent and
child account are both displayed, the parent's balance excludes the child's.

Examples::

 $ hledger chart assets --depth 2
 $ hledger chart liabilities --depth 2
 $ hledger chart ^expenses -o balance.png --size 1000x600 --items 20
 $ for m in 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12; do hledger -p 2009/$m chart ^expenses --depth 2 -o expenses-2009$m.png --size 400x300; done

histogram
'''''''''

The histogram command displays a quick bar chart showing transaction
counts, per day, week, month or other reporting interval. It is
experimental.

Examples::

 $ hledger histogram -p weekly dining

stats
'''''

The stats command displays quick summary information for the ledger.

Examples::

 $ hledger stats

ui
'''

(optional feature)

The ui command starts hledger's curses (full-screen, text) user interface,
which allows interactive navigation of the print/register/balance reports.
This lets you browse around your numbers and get quick insights with less
typing.

Examples:

$ hledger ui
$ hledger ui -BE food

Modifying commands
""""""""""""""""""

The following commands can alter your ledger file.

add
'''

The add command prompts interactively for new transactions, and adds them
to the ledger. It is experimental.

Examples:

$ hledger add
$ hledger add accounts:personal:bob

web
'''

(optional feature)

The web command starts hledger's web interface, and tries to open a web
browser to view it (if this fails, you'll have to visit the indicated url
yourself.) The web ui combines the features of the print, register,
balance and add commands.

Examples:

$ hledger web
$ hledger web --debug -f demo.ledger -p thisyear

Other commands
""""""""""""""

convert
'''''''

The convert command reads a CSV_ file you have downloaded from your bank,
and prints out the transactions in ledger format, suitable for adding to
your ledger. It does not alter your ledger directly.

This can be a lot quicker than entering every transaction by hand. (The
downside is that you are less likely to notice if your bank makes an
error!) Use it like this::

 $ hledger convert FILE.csv >FILE.ledger

where FILE.csv is your downloaded csv file. This will convert the csv data
using conversion rules defined in FILE.rules (auto-creating this file if
needed), and save the output into a temporary ledger file.  Then you
should review FILE.ledger for problems; update the rules and convert again
if needed; and finally copy/paste transactions which are new into your
main ledger.

.rules file
,,,,,,,,,,,

convert requires a *.rules file containing data definitions and rules for
assigning destination accounts to transactions; it will be auto-created if
missing. Typically you will have one csv file and one rules file per bank
account. Here's an example rules file for converting csv data from a Wells
Fargo checking account::

 base-account assets:bank:checking
 date-field 0
 description-field 4
 amount-field 1
 currency $

 # account-assigning rules

 SPECTRUM
 expenses:health:gym

 ITUNES
 BLKBSTR=BLOCKBUSTER
 expenses:entertainment

 (TO|FROM) SAVINGS
 assets:bank:savings

This says:

- the ledger account corresponding to this csv file is assets:bank:checking
- the first csv field is the date, the second is the amount, the fifth is the description
- prepend a dollar sign to the amount field
- if description contains SPECTRUM (case-insensitive), the transaction is a gym expense
- if description contains ITUNES or BLKBSTR, the transaction is an entertainment expense; also rewrite BLKBSTR as BLOCKBUSTER
- if description contains TO SAVINGS or FROM SAVINGS, the transaction is a savings transfer

Notes:

- Lines beginning with # or ; are ignored (but avoid using inside an account rule)

- Definitions must come first, one per line, all in one paragraph.  Each
  is a name and a value separated by whitespace. Supported names are:
  base-account, date-field, status-field, code-field, description-field,
  amount-field, currency-field, currency. All are optional and will
  use defaults if not specified.

- The remainder of the file is account-assigning rules. Each is a
  paragraph consisting of one or more description-matching patterns
  (case-insensitive regular expressions), one per line, followed by the
  account name to use when the transaction's description matches any of
  these patterns.

- A match pattern may be followed by a replacement pattern, separated by
  ``=``, which rewrites the matched part of the description.  Use this if
  you want to clean up messy bank data.  To rewrite the entire description,
  use a match pattern like ``.*PAT.*=REPL``. Within a replacement pattern,
  you can refer to the matched text with ``\0`` and any regex groups
  with ``\1``, ``\2`` in the usual way.

test
''''

This command runs hledger's internal self-tests and displays a quick
report.  The -v option shows more detail, and a pattern can be provided to
filter tests by name. It's mainly used in development, but it's also nice
to be able to run a sanity check at any time..

Examples::

 $ hledger test
 $ hledger test -v balance

Other features
..............

Filter patterns
"""""""""""""""

Most commands accept one more filter pattern arguments after the command
name, to select a subset of transactions or postings. There are two kinds
of pattern:

- an account pattern, which is a regular expression. This is matched
  against postings' accounts. Optionally, it may be prefixed with ``not:``
  in which case the match is negated.

- a description pattern, like the above but prefixed with ``desc:``. This
  is matched against transactions' descriptions. Note how with multiple
  prefixes, not: goes last, eg: ``desc:not:someregexp``.

When you specify multiple filter patterns, hledger selects the
transactions or postings which match

 *any of the account patterns* AND *any of the description patterns*

Dates
"""""

hledger accepts "smart dates" in most places a date can be used, such as:
-b and -e options, and `period expressions <#period-expressions>`_
(but actually, not in the ledger file, which has more limited date parsing.)
Here are some examples:

- ``2009/1/1``, ``2009/01/01``, ``2009-1-1``, ``2009.1.1``, ``2009/1``, ``2009`` (january 1, 2009)
- ``1/1``, ``january``, ``jan``, ``this year`` (january 1, this year)
- ``next year`` (january 1, next year)
- ``this month`` (the 1st of the current month)
- ``this week`` (the most recent monday)
- ``last week`` (the monday of the week before this one)
- ``today``, ``yesterday``, ``tomorrow``

Spaces are optional, so eg: ``-p lastmonth`` is valid.

Period expressions
""""""""""""""""""

hledger supports flexible "period expressions" with the ``-p/--period``
option to select transactions within a period of time (like 2009) and/or
with a reporting interval (like weekly). hledger period expressions are
similar but not identical to c++ ledger's.

Here is a basic period expression specifying the first quarter of 2009
(start date is always included, end date is always excluded)::

 -p "from 2009/1/1 to 2009/4/1"

Keywords like "from" and "to" are optional, and so are the spaces. Just
don't run two dates together::

 -p2009/1/1to2009/4/1
 -p"2009/1/1 2009/4/1"

Dates are `smart dates <#smart-dates>`_, so if the current year is 2009, the above can also
be written as::

 -p "1/1 to 4/1"
 -p "january to apr"
 -p "this year to 4/1"

If you specify only one date, the missing start or end date will be the
earliest or latest transaction in your ledger data::

 -p "from 2009/1/1"  (everything after january 1, 2009)
 -p "from 2009/1"    (the same)
 -p "from 2009"      (the same)
 -p "to 2009"        (everything before january 1, 2009)

A single date with no "from" or "to" defines both the start and end date like so::

 -p "2009"           (the year 2009;    equivalent to "2009/1/1 to 2010/1/1")
 -p "2009/1"         (the month of jan; equivalent to "2009/1/1 to 2009/2/1")
 -p "2009/1/1"       (just that day;    equivalent to "2009/1/1 to 2009/1/2")

Reporting interval
''''''''''''''''''

You can also specify a reporting interval, which causes the "register"
command to summarise the transactions in each interval. It goes before the
dates, and can be: "daily", "weekly", "monthly", "quarterly", or
"yearly". An "in" keyword is optional, and so are the dates::

 -p "weekly from 2009/1/1 to 2009/4/1"
 -p "monthly in 2008"
 -p "monthly from 2008"
 -p "quarterly"

A reporting interval may also be specified with the -W/--weekly,
-M/--monthly, -Q/--quarterly, and -Y/--yearly options. However..

-p overrides other flags
''''''''''''''''''''''''

Note: any period option on the command line will override the -b, -e, -W, -Q and -Y flags.

Display expressions
"""""""""""""""""""

A display expression with the ``-d/--display`` option selects which
transactions will be displayed (unlike a `period expression
<#period-expressions>`_, which selects the transactions to be used for
calculation).

hledger currently supports a very small subset of c++ ledger's display
expressions, namely: transactions before or after a date. This is useful
for displaying your recent check register with an accurate running total.
Note the use of >= here to include the first of the month::

 $ hledger register -d "d>=[this month]"

Prices
""""""

As in c++ ledger, you can specify a per-unit price (or conversion rate) in
the following ways:

- **set the unit price for a single amount** by appending `` @ PRICE``, where
  PRICE is another amount in a different commodity. Eg, here is one
  hundred euros purchased at $1.35 per euro::

    2009/1/2 x
     expenses:foreign currency       €100 @ $1.35
     assets

- **set the unit price for a commodity as of a certain date** using "P"
  historical price records. Eg, here we say the exchange rate for 1 euro
  is $1.35 on 2009/1/1 (and thereafter, until a newer price record is
  found)::

    P 2009/1/1 € $1.35

    2009/1/2 x
     expenses:foreign currency       €100
     assets

The print command will show the unit prices in effect::

 $ hledger print
 2009/01/02 x
     expenses:foreign currency  €100 @ $1.35
     assets                     €-100 @ $1.35

And to see amounts converted to their total cost, use the ``--cost/-B`` flag with any command::

 $ hledger print --cost
 2009/01/02 x
     expenses:foreign currency       $135.00
     assets                         $-135.00

Notes:

- unlike c++ ledger we assume unit prices do not vary over time.  This is
  good for simple reporting of foreign currency transactions, but not for
  tracking fluctuating-value investments or capital gains.

- a price is a simple amount with only one commodity. Ie you can't say an
  orange is worth two grapes and an apple.

- ``--cost/-B`` does only one lookup step, ie it will not look up the
  price of a price's commodity.

Timelog reporting
"""""""""""""""""

hledger will also read timelog files in timeclock.el format.  As a
convenience, if you invoke hledger via an "hours" symlink or copy, it uses
your timelog file (~/.timelog or $TIMELOG) by default, rather than your ledger.

Timelog entries look like this::

 i 2009/03/31 22:21:45 some:project
 o 2009/04/01 02:00:34

The clockin description is treated as an account name. Here are some
queries to try (after downloading sample.timelog_)::

 ln -s `which hledger` ~/bin/hours            # set up "hours" in your path
 export TIMELOG=sample.timelog
 hours                                        # show all time balances
 hours -p 'last week'                         # last week
 hours -p thismonth                           # the space is optional
 hours -p 'from 1/15' register project        # project sessions since jan 15
 hours -p 'weekly' reg --depth 1 -E           # weekly time summary

This is a useful feature, if you can find a way to efficiently record
timelog entries. The "ti" and "to" scripts may be available from the c++
ledger 2.x repository. I use
`timeclock-x.el <http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/timeclock-x.el>`_ and
`ledgerutils.el <http://joyful.com/repos/ledgertools/ledgerutils.el>`_ 
in emacs.

Compatibility with c++ ledger
.............................

Implementation
""""""""""""""

Unlike c++ ledger, hledger is written in the Haskell programming
language. Haskell enables a coding style known as pure lazy functional
programming, which holds the promise of more robust and maintainable
software built with fewer lines of code. Haskell also provides a more
abstracted, portable platform which can make deployment and installation
easier in some cases. Haskell also brings some new challenges such as
managing memory growth.

File format compatibility
"""""""""""""""""""""""""

hledger's file format is mostly identical with that of c++ ledger version 2, with
some features (like modifier and periodic entries) being accepted, but
ignored. There are also some subtle differences in parser behaviour (eg
comments may be permissible in different places.) C++ ledger version 3 has
introduced additional syntax, which current hledger probably fails to
parse.

Generally, it's easy to keep a ledger file that works with both hledger
and c++ledger if you avoid the more esoteric syntax. Occasionally you'll
need to make small edits to restore compatibility for one or the other.

Features not supported
""""""""""""""""""""""

c++ ledger features not currently supported include: modifier and periodic
entries, and the following c++ ledger options and commands::

   Basic options:
   -o, --output FILE      write output to FILE
   -i, --init-file FILE   initialize ledger using FILE (default: ~/.ledgerrc)
   -a, --account NAME     use NAME for the default account (useful with QIF)
 
   Report filtering:
   -c, --current          show only current and past entries (not future)
       --period-sort EXPR sort each report period's entries by EXPR
   -L, --actual           consider only actual (non-automated) transactions
   -r, --related          calculate report using related transactions
       --budget           generate budget entries based on periodic entries
       --add-budget       show all transactions plus the budget
       --unbudgeted       show only unbudgeted transactions
       --forecast EXPR    generate forecast entries while EXPR is true
   -l, --limit EXPR       calculate only transactions matching EXPR
   -t, --amount EXPR      use EXPR to calculate the displayed amount
   -T, --total EXPR       use EXPR to calculate the displayed total
 
   Output customization:
   -n, --collapse         Only show totals in the top-most accounts.
   -s, --subtotal         other: show subtotals
   -P, --by-payee         show summarized totals by payee
   -x, --comm-as-payee    set commodity name as the payee, for reporting
       --dow              show a days-of-the-week report
   -S, --sort EXPR        sort report according to the value expression EXPR
   -w, --wide             for the default register report, use 132 columns
       --head COUNT       show only the first COUNT entries (negative inverts)
       --tail COUNT       show only the last COUNT entries (negative inverts)
       --pager PAGER      send all output through the given PAGER program
   -A, --average          report average transaction amount
   -D, --deviation        report deviation from the average
   -%, --percentage       report balance totals as a percentile of the parent
       --totals           in the "xml" report, include running total
   -j, --amount-data      print only raw amount data (useful for scripting)
   -J, --total-data       print only raw total data
   -y, --date-format STR  use STR as the date format (default: %Y/%m/%d)
   -F, --format STR       use STR as the format; for each report type, use:
       --balance-format      --register-format       --print-format
       --plot-amount-format  --plot-total-format     --equity-format
       --prices-format       --wide-register-format
 
   Commodity reporting:
       --price-db FILE    sets the price database to FILE (def: ~/.pricedb)
   -L, --price-exp MINS   download quotes only if newer than MINS (def: 1440)
   -Q, --download         download price information when needed
   -O, --quantity         report commodity totals (this is the default)
   -V, --market           report last known market value
   -g, --performance      report gain/loss for each displayed transaction
   -G, --gain             report net gain/loss
 
   Commands:
   xml      [REGEXP]...   print matching entries in XML format
   equity   [REGEXP]...   output equity entries for matching accounts
   prices   [REGEXP]...   display price history for matching commodities
   entry DATE PAYEE AMT   output a derived entry, based on the arguments

Other differences
"""""""""""""""""

* hledger recognises description and negative patterns by  "desc:" and "not:" prefixes,
  unlike ledger 3's free-form parser
* hledger doesn't require a space before command-line option values, you can write -f-
* hledger's weekly reporting intervals always start on mondays
* hledger shows start and end dates of the intervals requested, not just the span containing data
* hledger period expressions don't support "biweekly", "bimonthly", or "every N days/weeks/..." 
* hledger always shows timelog balances in hours
* hledger splits multi-day timelog sessions at midnight
* hledger doesn't track the value of commodities with varying price;
  prices are fixed as of the transaction date
* hledger print shows amounts for all postings, and shows unit prices for amounts which have them

More examples and recipes
.........................

- Here's a bash function that will run hledger chart and display
  the image in your (graphical) emacs::

   function chart () {
     hledger chart $* && emacsclient -n hledger.png
   }

  Example::

   $ chart food --depth 2 -p jan



.. ......................................................................

.. _hledger for techies:   README2.html
.. _c++ ledger's manual:   http://joyful.com/repos/ledger/doc/ledger.html
.. _John Wiegley's ledger: http://wiki.github.com/jwiegley/ledger
.. _sample.ledger:         http://joyful.com/repos/hledger/sample.ledger
.. _sample.timelog:        http://joyful.com/repos/hledger/sample.timelog
.. _binaries:              http://hledger.org/binaries/
.. _Haskell Platform:      http://hackage.haskell.org/platform/
.. _CSV:                   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values
.. _gtk2hs:                http://www.haskell.org/gtk2hs/download/