hledger/hledger-lib/Hledger/Reports/PostingsReport.hs
Simon Michael ebf5ed93f2 valuation: more thorough --value-at; document status (#329, #999)
This feature turns out to be quite involved, as valuation interacts
with the many report variations. Various bugs/specs have been
fixed/clarified relating to register's running total, balance totals
etc. Eg register's total should now be the sum of the posting amount
values, not the values of the original sums. Current level of support
has been documented.

When valuing at transaction date, we once again do early valuation of
all posting amounts, to get more correct results. variants. This means
--value-at=t can be slower than other valuation modes when there are
many transactions and many prices. This could be revisited for
optimisation when things are more settled.
2019-05-03 12:24:02 -07:00

517 lines
28 KiB
Haskell

{-|
Postings report, used by the register command.
-}
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable #-}
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
{-# LANGUAGE RecordWildCards #-}
{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TupleSections #-}
module Hledger.Reports.PostingsReport (
PostingsReport,
PostingsReportItem,
postingsReport,
mkpostingsReportItem,
-- * Tests
tests_PostingsReport
)
where
import Control.Applicative ((<|>))
import Data.List
import Data.Maybe
import Data.Ord (comparing)
-- import Data.Text (Text)
import qualified Data.Text as T
import Data.Time.Calendar
import Safe (headMay, lastMay)
import Hledger.Data
import Hledger.Query
import Hledger.Utils
import Hledger.Reports.ReportOptions
-- | A postings report is a list of postings with a running total, a label
-- for the total field, and a little extra transaction info to help with rendering.
-- This is used eg for the register command.
type PostingsReport = (String -- label for the running balance column XXX remove
,[PostingsReportItem] -- line items, one per posting
)
type PostingsReportItem = (Maybe Day -- The posting date, if this is the first posting in a
-- transaction or if it's different from the previous
-- posting's date. Or if this a summary posting, the
-- report interval's start date if this is the first
-- summary posting in the interval.
,Maybe Day -- If this is a summary posting, the report interval's
-- end date if this is the first summary posting in
-- the interval.
,Maybe String -- The posting's transaction's description, if this is the first posting in the transaction.
,Posting -- The posting, possibly with the account name depth-clipped.
,MixedAmount -- The running total after this posting, or with --average,
-- the running average posting amount. With --historical,
-- postings before the report start date are included in
-- the running total/average.
)
-- | Select postings from the journal and add running balance and other
-- information to make a postings report. Used by eg hledger's register command.
postingsReport :: ReportOpts -> Query -> Journal -> PostingsReport
postingsReport opts q j =
(if value_ opts then prValue opts j else id) $
(totallabel, items)
where
reportspan = adjustReportDates opts q j
whichdate = whichDateFromOpts opts
depth = queryDepth q
-- postings to be included in the report, and similarly-matched postings before the report start date
(precedingps, reportps) = matchedPostingsBeforeAndDuring opts q j reportspan
-- postings or pseudo postings to be displayed
displayps | interval == NoInterval = map (,Nothing) reportps
| otherwise = summarisePostingsByInterval interval whichdate depth showempty reportspan reportps
where
interval = interval_ opts -- XXX
showempty = empty_ opts || average_ opts
-- posting report items ready for display
items = dbg1 "postingsReport items" $ postingsReportItems displayps (nullposting,Nothing) whichdate depth startbal runningcalc startnum
where
historical = balancetype_ opts == HistoricalBalance
precedingsum = sumPostings precedingps
precedingavg | null precedingps = 0
| otherwise = divideMixedAmount (fromIntegral $ length precedingps) precedingsum
startbal | average_ opts = if historical then precedingavg else 0
| otherwise = if historical then precedingsum else 0
startnum = if historical then length precedingps + 1 else 1
runningcalc = registerRunningCalculationFn opts
-- | Based on the given report options, return a function that does the appropriate
-- running calculation for the register report, ie a running average or running total.
-- This function will take the item number, previous average/total, and new posting amount,
-- and return the new average/total.
registerRunningCalculationFn :: ReportOpts -> (Int -> MixedAmount -> MixedAmount -> MixedAmount)
registerRunningCalculationFn ropts
| average_ ropts = \i avg amt -> avg + divideMixedAmount (fromIntegral i) (amt - avg)
| otherwise = \_ bal amt -> bal + amt
totallabel = "Total"
-- | Adjust report start/end dates to more useful ones based on
-- journal data and report intervals. Ie:
-- 1. If the start date is unspecified, use the earliest date in the journal (if any)
-- 2. If the end date is unspecified, use the latest date in the journal (if any)
-- 3. If a report interval is specified, enlarge the dates to enclose whole intervals
adjustReportDates :: ReportOpts -> Query -> Journal -> DateSpan
adjustReportDates opts q j = reportspan
where
-- see also multiBalanceReport
requestedspan = dbg1 "requestedspan" $ queryDateSpan' q -- span specified by -b/-e/-p options and query args
journalspan = dbg1 "journalspan" $ dates `spanUnion` date2s -- earliest and latest dates (or date2s) in the journal
where
dates = journalDateSpan False j
date2s = journalDateSpan True j
requestedspanclosed = dbg1 "requestedspanclosed" $ requestedspan `spanDefaultsFrom` journalspan -- if open-ended, close it using the journal's dates (if any)
intervalspans = dbg1 "intervalspans" $ splitSpan (interval_ opts) requestedspanclosed -- get the whole intervals enclosing that
mreportstart = dbg1 "reportstart" $ maybe Nothing spanStart $ headMay intervalspans -- start of the first interval, or open ended
mreportend = dbg1 "reportend" $ maybe Nothing spanEnd $ lastMay intervalspans -- end of the last interval, or open ended
reportspan = dbg1 "reportspan" $ DateSpan mreportstart mreportend -- the requested span enlarged to whole intervals if possible
-- | Find postings matching a given query, within a given date span,
-- and also any similarly-matched postings before that date span.
-- Date restrictions and depth restrictions in the query are ignored.
-- A helper for the postings report.
matchedPostingsBeforeAndDuring :: ReportOpts -> Query -> Journal -> DateSpan -> ([Posting],[Posting])
matchedPostingsBeforeAndDuring opts q j (DateSpan mstart mend) =
dbg1 "beforeps, duringps" $ span (beforestartq `matchesPosting`) beforeandduringps
where
beforestartq = dbg1 "beforestartq" $ dateqtype $ DateSpan Nothing mstart
beforeandduringps =
dbg1 "ps5" $ sortBy (comparing sortdate) $ -- sort postings by date or date2
dbg1 "ps4" $ (if invert_ opts then map negatePostingAmount else id) $ -- with --invert, invert amounts
dbg1 "ps3" $ map (filterPostingAmount symq) $ -- remove amount parts which the query's cur: terms would exclude
dbg1 "ps2" $ (if related_ opts then concatMap relatedPostings else id) $ -- with -r, replace each with its sibling postings
dbg1 "ps1" $ filter (beforeandduringq `matchesPosting`) $ -- filter postings by the query, with no start date or depth limit
journalPostings $ journalSelectingAmountFromOpts opts j
where
beforeandduringq = dbg1 "beforeandduringq" $ And [depthless $ dateless q, beforeendq]
where
depthless = filterQuery (not . queryIsDepth)
dateless = filterQuery (not . queryIsDateOrDate2)
beforeendq = dateqtype $ DateSpan Nothing mend
sortdate = if date2_ opts then postingDate2 else postingDate
symq = dbg1 "symq" $ filterQuery queryIsSym q
dateqtype
| queryIsDate2 dateq || (queryIsDate dateq && date2_ opts) = Date2
| otherwise = Date
where
dateq = dbg1 "dateq" $ filterQuery queryIsDateOrDate2 $ dbg1 "q" q -- XXX confused by multiple date:/date2: ?
-- | Generate postings report line items from a list of postings or (with
-- non-Nothing dates attached) summary postings.
postingsReportItems :: [(Posting,Maybe Day)] -> (Posting,Maybe Day) -> WhichDate -> Int -> MixedAmount -> (Int -> MixedAmount -> MixedAmount -> MixedAmount) -> Int -> [PostingsReportItem]
postingsReportItems [] _ _ _ _ _ _ = []
postingsReportItems ((p,menddate):ps) (pprev,menddateprev) wd d b runningcalcfn itemnum = i:(postingsReportItems ps (p,menddate) wd d b' runningcalcfn (itemnum+1))
where
i = mkpostingsReportItem showdate showdesc wd menddate p' b'
(showdate, showdesc) | isJust menddate = (menddate /= menddateprev, False)
| otherwise = (isfirstintxn || isdifferentdate, isfirstintxn)
isfirstintxn = ptransaction p /= ptransaction pprev
isdifferentdate = case wd of PrimaryDate -> postingDate p /= postingDate pprev
SecondaryDate -> postingDate2 p /= postingDate2 pprev
p' = p{paccount= clipOrEllipsifyAccountName d $ paccount p}
b' = runningcalcfn itemnum b (pamount p)
-- | Generate one postings report line item, containing the posting,
-- the current running balance, and optionally the posting date and/or
-- the transaction description.
mkpostingsReportItem :: Bool -> Bool -> WhichDate -> Maybe Day -> Posting -> MixedAmount -> PostingsReportItem
mkpostingsReportItem showdate showdesc wd menddate p b =
(if showdate then Just date else Nothing
,menddate
,if showdesc then Just desc else Nothing
,p
,b
)
where
date = case wd of PrimaryDate -> postingDate p
SecondaryDate -> postingDate2 p
desc = T.unpack $ maybe "" tdescription $ ptransaction p
-- | Convert a list of postings into summary postings, one per interval,
-- aggregated to the specified depth if any.
summarisePostingsByInterval :: Interval -> WhichDate -> Int -> Bool -> DateSpan -> [Posting] -> [SummaryPosting]
summarisePostingsByInterval interval wd depth showempty reportspan ps = concatMap summarisespan $ splitSpan interval reportspan
where
summarisespan s = summarisePostingsInDateSpan s wd depth showempty (postingsinspan s)
postingsinspan s = filter (isPostingInDateSpan' wd s) ps
-- | A summary posting summarises the activity in one account within a report
-- interval. It is currently kludgily represented by a regular Posting with no
-- description, the interval's start date stored as the posting date, and the
-- interval's end date attached with a tuple.
type SummaryPosting = (Posting, Maybe Day)
-- | Given a date span (representing a report interval) and a list of
-- postings within it, aggregate the postings into one summary posting per
-- account.
--
-- When a depth argument is present, postings to accounts of greater
-- depth are also aggregated where possible. If the depth is 0, all
-- postings in the span are aggregated into a single posting with
-- account name "...".
--
-- The showempty flag includes spans with no postings and also postings
-- with 0 amount.
--
summarisePostingsInDateSpan :: DateSpan -> WhichDate -> Int -> Bool -> [Posting] -> [SummaryPosting]
summarisePostingsInDateSpan (DateSpan b e) wd depth showempty ps
| null ps && (isNothing b || isNothing e) = []
| null ps && showempty = [(summaryp, Just e')]
| otherwise = summarypes
where
postingdate = if wd == PrimaryDate then postingDate else postingDate2
b' = fromMaybe (maybe nulldate postingdate $ headMay ps) b
e' = fromMaybe (maybe (addDays 1 nulldate) postingdate $ lastMay ps) e
summaryp = nullposting{pdate=Just b'}
clippedanames | depth > 0 = nub $ map (clipAccountName depth) anames
| otherwise = ["..."]
summaryps | depth > 0 = [summaryp{paccount=a,pamount=balance a} | a <- clippedanames]
| otherwise = [summaryp{paccount="...",pamount=sum $ map pamount ps}]
summarypes = map (, Just e') $ (if showempty then id else filter (not . isZeroMixedAmount . pamount)) summaryps
anames = sort $ nub $ map paccount ps
-- aggregate balances by account, like ledgerFromJournal, then do depth-clipping
accts = accountsFromPostings ps
balance a = maybe nullmixedamt bal $ lookupAccount a accts
where
bal = if isclipped a then aibalance else aebalance
isclipped a = accountNameLevel a >= depth
negatePostingAmount :: Posting -> Posting
negatePostingAmount p = p { pamount = negate $ pamount p }
-- -- | Flip the sign of all amounts in a PostingsReport.
-- prNegate :: PostingsReport -> PostingsReport
-- | Convert all the posting amounts in a PostingsReport to their
-- default valuation commodities. This means using the Journal's most
-- recent applicable market prices before the valuation date.
-- The valuation date is set with --value-at and can be:
-- each posting's date,
-- the last day in the report period (or in the journal if no period,
-- or the posting dates if journal is empty - shouldn't happen),
-- or today's date (gives an error if today_ is not set in ReportOpts),
-- or a specified date.
--
-- Special case: when --value-at=transaction is combined with a report interval,
-- assume amounts were converted to value earlier and do nothing here.
--
prValue :: ReportOpts -> Journal -> PostingsReport -> PostingsReport
prValue ropts@ReportOpts{..} j@Journal{..} (totallabel, items) = (totallabel, items')
where
-- convert postings amounts to value
items' = [ (md, md2, desc, p', t') | (md, md2, desc, p, t) <- items
, let pdate = postingDate p
, let pamt' = val pdate (pamount p)
, let p' = p{pamount = pamt'}
, let t' = val pdate t -- In some cases, revaluing the totals/averages is fine.
-- With --value-at=t, we revalue postings early instead.
-- XXX --value=at=m -M is still a problem
]
val pdate amt =
let val' d = mixedAmountValue prices d amt in
case (value_at_, interval_) of
(AtTransaction, _) -> amt -- in this case we revalued postings early (Register.hs)
(AtPeriod, NoInterval) -> val' $ fromMaybe pdate mperiodorjournallastday
(AtPeriod, _) ->
error' "sorry, --value-at=period with periodic register reports is not yet supported"
-- XXX need to calculate total from period-valued postings
-- -- Get the last day of this subperiod. We can't always get it from the report item
-- -- (only the first items in each period have the period start/end dates).
-- -- The following kludge seems to work.. XXX
-- let subperiodlastday =
-- addDays (-1) $
-- fromMaybe (error' "prValue: expected a date here") $ -- should not happen
-- spanEnd $
-- headDef (error' "prValue: expected at least one span here") $ -- should not happen, splitting a well-formed span
-- splitSpan i (DateSpan (Just pdate) Nothing)
-- in val' subperiodlastday
(AtNow, _) -> case today_ of
Just d -> val' d
Nothing -> error' "prValue: ReportOpts today_ is unset so could not satisfy --value-at=now"
(AtDate d, _) -> val' d
where
mperiodorjournallastday = mperiodlastday <|> journalEndDate False j
-- Get the last day of the report period.
-- Will be Nothing if no report period is specified, or also
-- if ReportOpts does not have today_ set, since we need that
-- to get the report period robustly.
mperiodlastday :: Maybe Day = do
t <- today_
let q = queryFromOpts t ropts
qend <- queryEndDate False q
return $ addDays (-1) qend
-- prices are in parse order - sort into date then parse order,
-- & reversed for quick lookup of the latest price.
prices = reverse $ sortOn mpdate jmarketprices
-- tests
tests_PostingsReport = tests "PostingsReport" [
tests "postingsReport" $
let (query, journal) `gives` n = (length $ snd $ postingsReport defreportopts query journal) `is` n
in [
-- with the query specified explicitly
(Any, nulljournal) `gives` 0
,(Any, samplejournal) `gives` 13
-- register --depth just clips account names
,(Depth 2, samplejournal) `gives` 13
,(And [Depth 1, StatusQ Cleared, Acct "expenses"], samplejournal) `gives` 2
,(And [And [Depth 1, StatusQ Cleared], Acct "expenses"], samplejournal) `gives` 2
-- with query and/or command-line options
,(length $ snd $ postingsReport defreportopts Any samplejournal) `is` 13
,(length $ snd $ postingsReport defreportopts{interval_=Months 1} Any samplejournal) `is` 11
,(length $ snd $ postingsReport defreportopts{interval_=Months 1, empty_=True} Any samplejournal) `is` 20
,(length $ snd $ postingsReport defreportopts (Acct "assets:bank:checking") samplejournal) `is` 5
-- (defreportopts, And [Acct "a a", Acct "'b"], samplejournal2) `gives` 0
-- [(Just (parsedate "2008-01-01","income"),assets:bank:checking $1,$1)
-- ,(Nothing,income:salary $-1,0)
-- ,(Just (2008-06-01,"gift"),assets:bank:checking $1,$1)
-- ,(Nothing,income:gifts $-1,0)
-- ,(Just (2008-06-02,"save"),assets:bank:saving $1,$1)
-- ,(Nothing,assets:bank:checking $-1,0)
-- ,(Just (2008-06-03,"eat & shop"),expenses:food $1,$1)
-- ,(Nothing,expenses:supplies $1,$2)
-- ,(Nothing,assets:cash $-2,0)
-- ,(Just (2008-12-31,"pay off"),liabilities:debts $1,$1)
-- ,(Nothing,assets:bank:checking $-1,0)
{-
let opts = defreportopts
(postingsReportAsText opts $ postingsReport opts (queryFromOpts date1 opts) j) `is` unlines
["2008/01/01 income assets:bank:checking $1 $1"
," income:salary $-1 0"
,"2008/06/01 gift assets:bank:checking $1 $1"
," income:gifts $-1 0"
,"2008/06/02 save assets:bank:saving $1 $1"
," assets:bank:checking $-1 0"
,"2008/06/03 eat & shop expenses:food $1 $1"
," expenses:supplies $1 $2"
," assets:cash $-2 0"
,"2008/12/31 pay off liabilities:debts $1 $1"
," assets:bank:checking $-1 0"
]
,"postings report with cleared option" ~:
do
let opts = defreportopts{cleared_=True}
j <- readJournal' sample_journal_str
(postingsReportAsText opts $ postingsReport opts (queryFromOpts date1 opts) j) `is` unlines
["2008/06/03 eat & shop expenses:food $1 $1"
," expenses:supplies $1 $2"
," assets:cash $-2 0"
,"2008/12/31 pay off liabilities:debts $1 $1"
," assets:bank:checking $-1 0"
]
,"postings report with uncleared option" ~:
do
let opts = defreportopts{uncleared_=True}
j <- readJournal' sample_journal_str
(postingsReportAsText opts $ postingsReport opts (queryFromOpts date1 opts) j) `is` unlines
["2008/01/01 income assets:bank:checking $1 $1"
," income:salary $-1 0"
,"2008/06/01 gift assets:bank:checking $1 $1"
," income:gifts $-1 0"
,"2008/06/02 save assets:bank:saving $1 $1"
," assets:bank:checking $-1 0"
]
,"postings report sorts by date" ~:
do
j <- readJournal' $ unlines
["2008/02/02 a"
," b 1"
," c"
,""
,"2008/01/01 d"
," e 1"
," f"
]
let opts = defreportopts
registerdates (postingsReportAsText opts $ postingsReport opts (queryFromOpts date1 opts) j) `is` ["2008/01/01","2008/02/02"]
,"postings report with account pattern" ~:
do
j <- samplejournal
let opts = defreportopts{patterns_=["cash"]}
(postingsReportAsText opts $ postingsReport opts (queryFromOpts date1 opts) j) `is` unlines
["2008/06/03 eat & shop assets:cash $-2 $-2"
]
,"postings report with account pattern, case insensitive" ~:
do
j <- samplejournal
let opts = defreportopts{patterns_=["cAsH"]}
(postingsReportAsText opts $ postingsReport opts (queryFromOpts date1 opts) j) `is` unlines
["2008/06/03 eat & shop assets:cash $-2 $-2"
]
,"postings report with display expression" ~:
do
j <- samplejournal
let gives displayexpr =
(registerdates (postingsReportAsText opts $ postingsReport opts (queryFromOpts date1 opts) j) `is`)
where opts = defreportopts{display_=Just displayexpr}
"d<[2008/6/2]" `gives` ["2008/01/01","2008/06/01"]
"d<=[2008/6/2]" `gives` ["2008/01/01","2008/06/01","2008/06/02"]
"d=[2008/6/2]" `gives` ["2008/06/02"]
"d>=[2008/6/2]" `gives` ["2008/06/02","2008/06/03","2008/12/31"]
"d>[2008/6/2]" `gives` ["2008/06/03","2008/12/31"]
,"postings report with period expression" ~:
do
j <- samplejournal
let periodexpr `gives` dates = do
j' <- samplejournal
registerdates (postingsReportAsText opts $ postingsReport opts (queryFromOpts date1 opts) j') `is` dates
where opts = defreportopts{period_=maybePeriod date1 periodexpr}
"" `gives` ["2008/01/01","2008/06/01","2008/06/02","2008/06/03","2008/12/31"]
"2008" `gives` ["2008/01/01","2008/06/01","2008/06/02","2008/06/03","2008/12/31"]
"2007" `gives` []
"june" `gives` ["2008/06/01","2008/06/02","2008/06/03"]
"monthly" `gives` ["2008/01/01","2008/06/01","2008/12/01"]
"quarterly" `gives` ["2008/01/01","2008/04/01","2008/10/01"]
let opts = defreportopts{period_=maybePeriod date1 "yearly"}
(postingsReportAsText opts $ postingsReport opts (queryFromOpts date1 opts) j) `is` unlines
["2008/01/01 - 2008/12/31 assets:bank:saving $1 $1"
," assets:cash $-2 $-1"
," expenses:food $1 0"
," expenses:supplies $1 $1"
," income:gifts $-1 0"
," income:salary $-1 $-1"
," liabilities:debts $1 0"
]
let opts = defreportopts{period_=maybePeriod date1 "quarterly"}
registerdates (postingsReportAsText opts $ postingsReport opts (queryFromOpts date1 opts) j) `is` ["2008/01/01","2008/04/01","2008/10/01"]
let opts = defreportopts{period_=maybePeriod date1 "quarterly",empty_=True}
registerdates (postingsReportAsText opts $ postingsReport opts (queryFromOpts date1 opts) j) `is` ["2008/01/01","2008/04/01","2008/07/01","2008/10/01"]
]
, "postings report with depth arg" ~:
do
j <- samplejournal
let opts = defreportopts{depth_=Just 2}
(postingsReportAsText opts $ postingsReport opts (queryFromOpts date1 opts) j) `is` unlines
["2008/01/01 income assets:bank $1 $1"
," income:salary $-1 0"
,"2008/06/01 gift assets:bank $1 $1"
," income:gifts $-1 0"
,"2008/06/02 save assets:bank $1 $1"
," assets:bank $-1 0"
,"2008/06/03 eat & shop expenses:food $1 $1"
," expenses:supplies $1 $2"
," assets:cash $-2 0"
,"2008/12/31 pay off liabilities:debts $1 $1"
," assets:bank $-1 0"
]
-}
]
,tests "summarisePostingsByInterval" [
tests "summarisePostingsByInterval" [
summarisePostingsByInterval (Quarters 1) PrimaryDate 99999 False (DateSpan Nothing Nothing) [] `is` []
]
]
-- ,tests_summarisePostingsInDateSpan = [
-- "summarisePostingsInDateSpan" ~: do
-- let gives (b,e,depth,showempty,ps) =
-- (summarisePostingsInDateSpan (mkdatespan b e) depth showempty ps `is`)
-- let ps =
-- [
-- nullposting{lpdescription="desc",lpaccount="expenses:food:groceries",lpamount=Mixed [usd 1]}
-- ,nullposting{lpdescription="desc",lpaccount="expenses:food:dining", lpamount=Mixed [usd 2]}
-- ,nullposting{lpdescription="desc",lpaccount="expenses:food", lpamount=Mixed [usd 4]}
-- ,nullposting{lpdescription="desc",lpaccount="expenses:food:dining", lpamount=Mixed [usd 8]}
-- ]
-- ("2008/01/01","2009/01/01",0,9999,False,[]) `gives`
-- []
-- ("2008/01/01","2009/01/01",0,9999,True,[]) `gives`
-- [
-- nullposting{lpdate=parsedate "2008/01/01",lpdescription="- 2008/12/31"}
-- ]
-- ("2008/01/01","2009/01/01",0,9999,False,ts) `gives`
-- [
-- nullposting{lpdate=parsedate "2008/01/01",lpdescription="- 2008/12/31",lpaccount="expenses:food", lpamount=Mixed [usd 4]}
-- ,nullposting{lpdate=parsedate "2008/01/01",lpdescription="- 2008/12/31",lpaccount="expenses:food:dining", lpamount=Mixed [usd 10]}
-- ,nullposting{lpdate=parsedate "2008/01/01",lpdescription="- 2008/12/31",lpaccount="expenses:food:groceries",lpamount=Mixed [usd 1]}
-- ]
-- ("2008/01/01","2009/01/01",0,2,False,ts) `gives`
-- [
-- nullposting{lpdate=parsedate "2008/01/01",lpdescription="- 2008/12/31",lpaccount="expenses:food",lpamount=Mixed [usd 15]}
-- ]
-- ("2008/01/01","2009/01/01",0,1,False,ts) `gives`
-- [
-- nullposting{lpdate=parsedate "2008/01/01",lpdescription="- 2008/12/31",lpaccount="expenses",lpamount=Mixed [usd 15]}
-- ]
-- ("2008/01/01","2009/01/01",0,0,False,ts) `gives`
-- [
-- nullposting{lpdate=parsedate "2008/01/01",lpdescription="- 2008/12/31",lpaccount="",lpamount=Mixed [usd 15]}
-- ]
]