hledger/hledger-ui/hledger-ui.m4.md

% hledger-ui(1)
% _author_
% _monthyear_

_man_({{
# NAME
}})

hledger-ui is a terminal interface (TUI) for the hledger accounting tool.
This manual is for hledger-ui _version_.

_man_({{
# SYNOPSIS
}})

`hledger-ui [OPTIONS] [QUERYARGS]`\
`hledger ui -- [OPTIONS] [QUERYARGS]`

_man_({{
# DESCRIPTION
}})

_hledgerdescription_

_web_({{
<div class="screenshots-right">
<a href="/images/hledger-ui/hledger-ui-sample-acc2.png" class="highslide" onclick="return hs.expand(this)"><img src="/images/hledger-ui/hledger-ui-sample-acc2.png" title="Accounts screen with query and depth limit" /></a>
<a href="/images/hledger-ui/hledger-ui-sample-acc.png" class="highslide" onclick="return hs.expand(this)"><img src="/images/hledger-ui/hledger-ui-sample-acc.png" title="Accounts screen" /></a>
<a href="/images/hledger-ui/hledger-ui-sample-acc-greenterm.png" class="highslide" onclick="return hs.expand(this)"><img src="/images/hledger-ui/hledger-ui-sample-acc-greenterm.png" title="Accounts screen with greenterm theme" /></a>
<a href="/images/hledger-ui/hledger-ui-sample-txn.png" class="highslide" onclick="return hs.expand(this)"><img src="/images/hledger-ui/hledger-ui-sample-txn.png" title="Transaction screen" /></a>
<a href="/images/hledger-ui/hledger-ui-sample-reg.png" class="highslide" onclick="return hs.expand(this)"><img src="/images/hledger-ui/hledger-ui-sample-reg.png" title="Register screen" /></a>
<!-- <br clear=all> -->
<a href="/images/hledger-ui/hledger-ui-bcexample-acc.png" class="highslide" onclick="return hs.expand(this)"><img src="/images/hledger-ui/hledger-ui-bcexample-acc.png" title="beancount example accounts" /></a>
<a href="/images/hledger-ui/hledger-ui-bcexample-acc-etrade-cash.png" class="highslide" onclick="return hs.expand(this)"><img src="/images/hledger-ui/hledger-ui-bcexample-acc-etrade-cash.png" title="beancount example's etrade cash subaccount" /></a>
<a href="/images/hledger-ui/hledger-ui-bcexample-acc-etrade.png" class="highslide" onclick="return hs.expand(this)"><img src="/images/hledger-ui/hledger-ui-bcexample-acc-etrade.png" title="beancount example's etrade investments, all commoditiess" /></a>
</div>
}})

hledger-ui is hledger's terminal interface, providing an efficient full-window text UI
for viewing accounts and transactions, and some limited data entry capability.
It is easier than hledger's command-line interface, and
sometimes quicker and more convenient than the web interface.

Like hledger, it reads _files_
For more about this see hledger(1), hledger_journal(5) etc.

Unlike hledger, hledger-ui hides all future-dated transactions by default.
They can be revealed, along with any rule-generated periodic transactions,
by pressing the F key (or starting with --forecast) to enable "forecast mode".

# OPTIONS

Note: if invoking hledger-ui as a hledger subcommand, write `--` before options as shown above.

Any QUERYARGS are interpreted as a hledger search query which filters the data.

`-w --watch`
: watch for data and date changes and reload automatically

`--theme=default|terminal|greenterm`
: use this custom display theme

`--register=ACCTREGEX`
: start in the (first) matched account's register screen

`--change`
: show period balances (changes) at startup instead of historical balances

`-l --flat`
: show accounts as a flat list (default)

`-t --tree`
: show accounts as a tree

 hledger input options:

_inputoptions_

hledger reporting options:

_reportingoptions_

hledger help options:

_helpoptions_

A @FILE argument will be expanded to the contents of FILE,
which should contain one command line option/argument per line.
(To prevent this, insert a `--` argument before.)

# MOUSE

In most modern terminals, you can navigate through the screens with a
mouse or touchpad:

- Use mouse wheel or trackpad to scroll up and down
- Click on list items to go deeper
- Click on the left margin (column 0), or the blank area at bottom of screen, to go back.

# KEYS

Keyboard gives more control.

`?` shows a help dialog listing all keys.
(Some of these also appear in the quick help at the bottom of each screen.)
Press `?` again (or `ESCAPE`, or `LEFT`, or `q`) to close it.
The following keys work on most screens:

The cursor keys navigate:
`RIGHT` goes deeper,
`LEFT` returns to the previous screen,
`UP`/`DOWN`/`PGUP`/`PGDN`/`HOME`/`END` move up and down through lists.
Emacs-style (`CTRL-p`/`CTRL-n`/`CTRL-f`/`CTRL-b`) movement keys are also supported
(but not vi-style keys, since hledger-1.19, sorry!).
A tip: movement speed is limited by your keyboard repeat rate,
to move faster you may want to adjust it.
(If you're on a mac, the karabiner app is one way to do that.)

With shift pressed, the cursor keys adjust the report period,
limiting the transactions to be shown (by default, all are shown).
`SHIFT-DOWN/UP` steps downward and upward through these standard report period durations:
year, quarter, month, week, day.
Then, `SHIFT-LEFT/RIGHT` moves to the previous/next period.
`T` sets the report period to today.
With the `-w/--watch` option, when viewing a "current" period
(the current day, week, month, quarter, or year),
the period will move automatically to track the current date.
To set a non-standard period, you can use `/` and a `date:` query.

`/` lets you set a general filter query limiting the data shown,
using the same [query terms](hledger.html#queries) as in hledger and hledger-web.
While editing the query, you can use [CTRL-a/e/d/k, BS, cursor keys](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/brick-0.7/docs/brick-widgets-edit.html#t:editor);
press `ENTER` to set it, or `ESCAPE`to cancel.
There are also keys for quickly adjusting some common filters like account depth and transaction status (see below).
`BACKSPACE` or `DELETE` removes all filters, showing all transactions.

As mentioned above, by default hledger-ui hides future transactions -
both ordinary transactions recorded in the journal, and periodic
transactions generated by rule. `F` toggles forecast mode, in which
future/forecasted transactions are shown.

`ESCAPE` resets the UI state and jumps back to the top screen,
restoring the app's initial state at startup.
Or, it cancels minibuffer data entry or the help dialog.

`CTRL-l` redraws the screen and centers the selection if possible
(selections near the top won't be centered, since we don't scroll above the top).

`g` reloads from the data file(s) and updates the current screen and any
previous screens. (With large files, this could cause a noticeable pause.)

`I` toggles balance assertion checking.
Disabling balance assertions temporarily can be useful for troubleshooting.

`a` runs command-line hledger's add command, and reloads the updated file.
This allows some basic data entry.

`A` is like `a`, but runs the [hledger-iadd](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger-iadd) tool,
which provides a terminal interface.
This key will be available if `hledger-iadd` is installed in $path.

`E` runs $HLEDGER_UI_EDITOR, or $EDITOR, or a default (`emacsclient -a "" -nw`) on the journal file.
With some editors (emacs, vi), the cursor will be positioned at the current transaction
when invoked from the register and transaction screens, and at the error location (if possible)
when invoked from the error screen.

`B` toggles cost mode, showing amounts in their transaction price's
commodity (like toggling the
[`-B/--cost`](https://hledger.org/hledger.html#b-cost) flag).

`V` toggles value mode, showing amounts' current market value in their
default valuation commodity (like toggling the
[`-V/--market`](https://hledger.org/hledger.html#v-market-value) flag).
Note, "current market value" means the value on the report end date if specified, otherwise today.
To see the value on another date, you can temporarily set that as the report end date.
Eg: to see a transaction as it was valued on july 30,
go to the accounts or register screen,
press `/`,
and add ` date:-7/30` to the query.

At most one of cost or value mode can be active at once.

There's not yet any visual reminder when cost or value mode is active;
for now pressing `b` `b` `v` should reliably reset to normal mode.

`q` quits the application.

Additional screen-specific keys are described below.

# SCREENS

## Accounts screen

This is normally the first screen displayed.
It lists accounts and their balances, like hledger's balance command.
By default, it shows all accounts and their latest ending balances (including the balances of subaccounts).
Accounts which have been declared with an [account directive](#declaring-accounts) are also listed, even if not yet used
(except for empty parent accounts).
If you specify a query on the command line, it shows just the matched accounts and the balances from matched transactions.

Account names are shown as a flat list by default; press `t` to toggle tree mode.
In list mode, account balances are exclusive of subaccounts, except where subaccounts are hidden by a depth limit (see below).
In tree mode, all account balances are inclusive of subaccounts.

To see less detail, press a number key, `1` to `9`, to set a depth limit.
Or use `-` to decrease and `+`/`=` to increase the depth limit.
`0` shows even less detail, collapsing all accounts to a single total.
To remove the depth limit, set it higher than the maximum account depth, or press `ESCAPE`.

`H` toggles between showing historical balances or period balances.
Historical balances (the default) are ending balances at the end of the report period,
taking into account all transactions before that date (filtered by the filter query if any),
including transactions before the start of the report period. In other words, historical
balances are what you would see on a bank statement for that account (unless disturbed by
a filter query). Period balances ignore transactions before the report start date, so they
show the change in balance during the report period. They are more useful eg when viewing a time log.

`U` toggles filtering by [unmarked status](hledger.html#status),
including or excluding unmarked postings in the balances.
Similarly, `P` toggles pending postings,
and `C` toggles cleared postings.
(By default, balances include all postings;
if you activate one or two status filters, only those postings are included;
and if you activate all three, the filter is removed.)

`R` toggles real mode, in which [virtual postings](hledger.html#virtual-postings) are ignored.

`z` toggles nonzero mode, in which only accounts with nonzero balances
are shown (hledger-ui shows zero items by default, unlike command-line
hledger).

Press `RIGHT` to view an account's transactions register.

## Register screen

This screen shows the transactions affecting a particular account, like a check register.
Each line represents one transaction and shows:

- the other account(s) involved, in abbreviated form.
  (If there are both real and virtual postings, it
  shows only the accounts affected by real postings.)

- the overall change to the current account's balance;
  positive for an inflow to this account, negative for an outflow.

- the running historical total or period total for the current account, after the transaction.
This can be toggled with `H`.
Similar to the accounts screen, the historical total is affected by transactions
(filtered by the filter query) before the report start date, while the period total is not.
If the historical total is not disturbed by a filter query, it will be the
running historical balance you would see on a bank register for the current account.

Transactions affecting this account's subaccounts will be included in the register
if the accounts screen is in tree mode,
or if it's in list mode but this account has subaccounts which are not shown due to a depth limit.
In other words, the register always shows the transactions contributing to the balance shown on the accounts screen.
Tree mode/list mode can be toggled with `t` here also.

`U` toggles filtering by [unmarked status](hledger.html#status), showing or hiding unmarked transactions.
Similarly, `P` toggles pending transactions, and `C` toggles cleared transactions.
(By default, transactions with all statuses are shown;
if you activate one or two status filters, only those transactions are shown;
and if you activate all three, the filter is removed.)

`R` toggles real mode, in which [virtual postings](hledger.html#virtual-postings) are ignored.

`z` toggles nonzero mode, in which only transactions posting a nonzero
change are shown (hledger-ui shows zero items by default,
unlike command-line hledger).

Press `RIGHT` to view the selected transaction in detail.

## Transaction screen

This screen shows a single transaction, as a general journal entry,
similar to hledger's print command and journal format (hledger_journal(5)).

The transaction's date(s) and any cleared flag, transaction code,
description, comments, along with all of its account postings are
shown.  Simple transactions have two postings, but there can be more
(or in certain cases, fewer).

`UP` and `DOWN` will step through all transactions listed in the
previous account register screen.  In the title bar, the numbers in
parentheses show your position within that account register. They will
vary depending on which account register you came from (remember most
transactions appear in multiple account registers). The #N number
preceding them is the transaction's position within the complete
unfiltered journal, which is a more stable id (at least until the next
reload).

## Error screen

This screen will appear if there is a problem, such as a parse error,
when you press g to reload. Once you have fixed the problem,
press g again to reload and resume normal operation.
(Or, you can press escape to cancel the reload attempt.)


# TIPS

## Watch mode

One of hledger-ui's best features is the auto-reloading `-w/--watch` mode.
With this flag, it will update the display automatically whenever changes
are saved to the data files. 

This is very useful when reconciling. A good workflow is to have
your bank's online register open in a browser window, for reference;
the journal file open in an editor window;
and hledger-ui in watch mode in a terminal window, eg:
```shell
$ hledger-ui --watch --register checking -C
```
As you mark things cleared in the editor,
you can see the effect immediately without having to context switch.
This leaves more mental bandwidth for your accounting.
Of course you can still interact with hledger-ui when needed,
eg to toggle cleared mode, or to explore the history.

## Watch mode limitations

There are situations in which it won't work, ie the display will not update when
you save a change (because the underlying `inotify` library does not support it). 
Here are some that we know of:

- Certain editors: saving with `gedit`, and perhaps any Gnome application,
  won't be detected ([#1617](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/issues/1617)).
  Jetbrains IDEs, such as IDEA, also may not work ([#911](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/issues/911)).
  
- Certain unusual filesystems might not be supported.
  (All the usual ones on unix, mac and windows are supported.)

In such cases, the workaround is to switch to the hledger-ui window
and press `g` each time you want it to reload. 
(Actually, see #1617 for another workaround, and let us know if it works for you.)

If you leave `hledger-ui --watch` running for days,
on certain platforms (?), 
perhaps with many transactions in your journal (?),
perhaps with large numbers of other files present (?),
you may see it gradually using more and more memory and CPU over time, 
as seen in `top` or Activity Monitor or Task Manager.

A workaround is to `q`uit and restart it,
or to suspend it (`CTRL-z`) and restart it (`fg`) if your shell supports that.



# ENVIRONMENT

**COLUMNS**
The screen width to use.
Default: the full terminal width.

_LEDGER_FILE_

# FILES

Reads _files_

# BUGS

The need to precede options with `--` when invoked from hledger is awkward.

`-f-` doesn't work (hledger-ui can't read from stdin).

`-V` affects only the accounts screen.

When you press `g`, the current and all previous screens are
regenerated, which may cause a noticeable pause with large files.
Also there is no visual indication that this is in progress.

`--watch` is not yet fully robust. It works well for normal usage, but
many file changes in a short time (eg saving the file thousands of
times with an editor macro) can cause problems at least on OSX.
Symptoms include: unresponsive UI, periodic resetting of the cursor
position, momentary display of parse errors, high CPU usage eventually
subsiding, and possibly a small but persistent build-up of CPU usage
until the program is restarted.

Also, if you are viewing files mounted from another machine, `-w/--watch`
requires that both machine clocks are roughly in step.